2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Data cannot be quantified
• Analysis is interpretative
• Naturalistic and controlled observation
• Subjective
• Discover oriented
• Process oriented
• Soft data
• Ungeneralizable, single case study
• Assuming a dynamic reality
• Close to the data
3. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Quantification of data
• Numerical analysis
• Comparison of tests before and after an instructional treatment
• Mainly experimental
• Statistical
• Obtrusive, involving controlled measurement
• Objective and remove from data
• Verification oriented, confirmatory
• Outcome oriented
• Replicable, involving “hard” data and replicable data
• Generalizable
• Assuming a stable reality
4. REFERENCES
• Ellis, R. (2012) Language Teaching Research & Language Pedagogy. Chichester, West
Sussex: WileyBlackwell.
• Mackey, A., and Gass, S. M. (2011) Second Language Research. Methodology and
design. New York:
Routledge.
