Week 2 Research Methods For Language Studies
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This document discusses quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches. It provides the following key points: - Quantitative research tests objective theories through examining relationships between variables using numerical data collected through methods like surveys analyzed statistically. Qualitative research explores social problems through open-ended, non-numerical data like interviews analyzed through content analysis. - Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches at the data collection and/or analysis stages to provide a more complete understanding. - Quantitative research offers a structured macro perspective of trends while qualitative research provides a flexible micro perspective of everyday realities. Different positions view the approaches as mutually exclusive, situationally dependent, or potentially integrated to corroborate findings.
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- 2. Quantitative research • Characteristics Textbook: Pages 24-35, Chapter 2, Dörnyei (2007)
- 3. Quantitative research • QUAN research tests objective theories by examining relationship among variables • QUAN Data collection procedures result primarily in numerical data which is then analyzed primarily by statistical methods • Typical example: survey research using questionnaires analyzed by statistical software like SPSS
- 4. Qualitative research • QUAL researchers explore to understand the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to social or human problem • QUAL Data collection procedures result primarily in open-ended non-numerical data which is then analyzed primarily by non-statistical methods • Typical example: interview research with transcribed recordings analyzed by qualitative content analysis
- 5. Mixed methods research • Involves different combinations of QUAN and QUAL research either at the data collection or at the analysis levels. • The core assumption is the combination of QUAL and QUAN approached provide a more complete understanding of the research problem • Typical example: consecutive and interrelated questionnaire and interview studies.
- 6. Quantitative methods Mixed methods Qualitative methods Pre-determined Both Emerging methods Instrument based questions both Open-ended questions Performance data, attitude data, observational data, census data Multiple forms of data Interview data, observation data, document data, audiovisual data Statistical analysis Statistical and text analysis Text and image analysis Statistical interpretation Across databases interpretation Themes, patterns interpretation
- 7. Quantitative vs. Qualitative research • QUAN research offers structured and highly regulated way of achieving a macro- perspective of the overarching trends in the world • QUAL research presents a flexible and highly context-sensitive micro-perspective of everyday realities of the world
- 8. Positions regarding QUAL-QUAN distinction Purists QUAL and QUAN methodologies are mutually exclusive Situationalists Both approaches have value if applied in the appropriate research context Pragmatists Some sort of integration of the two methodologies can be beneficial to corroborate, elaborate, or initiate findings from the other method
- 9. Main characteristics of quantitative research • Using numbers • A priori categorization • Variables rather than cases • Statistics and language of statistics • Standardized procedures to assess objective reality • Quest for generalizability and universal laws
- 10. Terima Kasih | Thank You 10