Towards wearable textiles

1. Chapter-5
Overview on Specialty Fibers
By:Bademaw Abate
Bahir Dar University,EiTEX
MIT ‚Textile computer

2. Apparel Textiles➢ Fashion
➢ Comfort
➢ Protection
➢ Information
➢ Sport

3. Cont……
➢Specialty fibers are engineered for specific uses
that require :
✓exceptional strength
✓ heat resistance and/or chemical resistance.
➢ high performance fibers are driven by special technical functions
that require specific physical properties unique to these fibers
➢They are generally niche products, but some
are produced in large quantities.

4. Cont…
Commodity fibers: are typically used in a highly competitive
price environment which translates into large scale high
volume programs.

5. FIBER PROPERTIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Aramid Fiber:

6. Cont…..
Kevlar
• Due to their highly oriented rigid
molecular structure, para-aramid fibers
have high tenacity, high tensile modulus
and high heat resistance.
Nomex
• meta-aramids are best known for their
combination of heat resistance and
strength
Applications-“bullet-proof” body armor,
Helmets
Application-suits of fire fighters,
insulation

7. HDPE
HDPE (high-density polyethylene) can be
extruded using special technology to produce
very high molecular orientation.
➢The resulting fiber combines high strength,
chemical resistance and good wear properties
with light weight, making it highly desirable
for applications ranging from cut-proof
protective gear to marine ropes.
➢Since it is lighter than water, ropes made of
HDPE float.
➢Its primary drawback is its low softening
and melting temperature

8. PTFE
➢ (PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene) offers extremely high
chemical resistance, coupled with good thermal stability.
➢ It also has an extremely low coefficient of friction, which
can be either an advantage or disadvantage, depending on
the use.
➢ Applications-bearing Replacement, Hot gas filtrations and
Test tubes

9. Glass
➢ All glass fibers derived from compositions containing Silica, which are
available in virtually unlimited supply.
➢ They exhibit useful bulk properties such as Hardness, Transparency,
Resistance To Chemical Attack, Stability, and Inertness, as well as
Desirable Fiber Properties such as Strength, Flexibility, and
Stiffness.
➢ Glass fibers are used in a number of applications which can be divided
into four basic categories: (A) Insulations, (B) Filtration Media, (C)
Reinforcements, And (D) Optical Fibers.

10. Types of Glass Fiber
➢ A GLASS – Soda lime silicate glasses used where the Strength, Durability, And
Good Electrical Resistivity.
➢ C GLASS-- Chemical Stability In Corrosive Acid Environments.
➢ D GLASS – Borosilicate glasses with a Low Dielectric Constant For Electrical
Applications.
➢ E GLASS – Alumina-calcium-borosilicate glasses with a maximum alkali
content of 2 wt.% used as general purpose fibers where strength and High
Electrical Resistivity are required.
➢ R GLASS – Calcium aluminosilicate glasses used for reinforcement where
added strength and acid corrosion resistance are required.

11. Carbon
➢ Carbon fiber has very high tensile strength.
➢ It has low thermal expansion.
➢ It is a light weight material having low density.
➢ It is a good conductor of electricity.
➢ high wear resistance.
➢ It has long working life.
➢ It’s density is less than density of steel.

12. Cont…
➢ It is insensitive to change in temperature.
➢ It’s properties is much better than any of the other
metals.
➢ It’s compressive strength is greater than all the
reinforcing material.

13. APPLICATIONS
➢ It is mostly used in the aerospace and aircraft industries.
➢ It is used in making sports equipment such as light weight badminton
rackets, golf stick etc.
➢ Automotive body is also made up of the carbon fiber
➢ Constructing up of wind mill blades.

14. Polyurethanes are called polyurethanes because in their
backbones they have a urethane linkage.
A Spandex: Polyurethane

15. 1. Can be stretched to almost 500% of its length.
2. Lightweight, soft, smooth, supple and more durable
3. Can be easily dyed and they also resist damage by body oils,
perspiration, lotions or detergents
4. Abrasion resistant
5. Can be found in both, clear and opaque luster.
Characteristics

16. • athletic, aerobic
• exercise apparel
• swimsuits
• ski pants
• disco jean
• hosiery
• socks
• underwear
• surgical hose
• support hose
• motion capture
suits
• Home furnishings
Garments made with LYCRA® fiber are
comfortable, durable and keep their fit.

17. Smart Textiles
Smart textiles can sense, react & adapt to the conditions around
them.
For example, they can react to:
➢ Hot or cold temperature
➢ Light
➢ Pressure
➢ Moisture
➢ Time
Uses
Novelty clothing
Protective clothing
Safety equipment
Medical textiles
Military uses
Anti-allergen products
Baby products
Some smart materials meet a real need &
have been developed for specific functions.
Others are more of a novelty design feature.

18. Inteligent shirt
• Electronic devices
• Heart rate
• Breathing
• Body temperature
• Electrocardiogram
• Voice
Weave with optical
fibers net

19. Wearable electronics
Music jacket

20. Textile computer MIT
➢ washable
➢ flexible
MIT ‚Textile computer

21. Computer comfort
Hard computers
⚫ hard
⚫ stiff
⚫ thick
Textile computers
◼soft
◼flexible
◼thin

22. Technical Textiles
Super absorbent medical textiles used in wound
dressings .
Super stretchy polyester yarns
knitted in tubes & used in artery
replacement
X-Static® is the name of new yarn which
uses silver in its production. It can kill
bacteria & fungi & can be used in wound
dressings & underwear.

23. THANK YOU
THE END