This document is a paper submitted by Ashish Pithadiya to the Department of English. It discusses personal and cultural influences on aggression with reference to the character Okonkos from African literature. It defines aggression and explores individual differences, gender differences, and cultural differences that can influence aggression. It examines how being threatened, rejected, or experiencing negative affect can increase aggression in individuals. It also notes cultural differences like avoiding others, losing power or identity that may increase aggression. Kindness is presented as an alternative to aggression for better development.

1. Name: Ashish Pithadiya
Paper Name: African Literature
Submitted To: Department Of
English
G-mail Id: ashvribhay@gmail.Com

2. Personal & Cultural Influences on
Aggression with reference of
Okonwos character

3. Meaning of Aggression:
comes from the Latin word aggressio, meaning attack.
• Spoken or physical behavior that is threatening
or involves harm to someone or something.
-Cambridge Dictionary
• The action of a state in violating by force the rights of
another state, particularly its territorial rights; an
unprovoked offensive, attack, invasion.
• - Dictionary.com

4. Personal & Cultural Influences on
Aggression
• Individual differences in aggression
• Gender differences in aggression
• Cultural differences in aggression

5. Individual Differences in Aggression
• Threatened by other
• Rejected by other
• Experience a lot of negative affect
People also differ in their general attitudes of using violence
• Use aggression to solve problems
• Perfect method to deal with interpersonal conflict(more
aggression than other)
• Member of youth gangs

6. Gender differences in aggression
• Women are less violence than men(shouting, insulting,
spreading Rumer)
• Woman take care of children, family member & cooking
• Men are more violence than women(hitting, pushing, trimpping
& kicking)
• 90% rapes committed by men
• Men do defence, hunting & fighting

7. Cultural differences in aggression
• Avoid by other
• Lost power
• Lost identity

8. conclusion
• Lack of something in life
• Hold or show their power position
• To achieve something
Why people are so aggressive?

9. Which element helpful for better
development?
Kindness Aggressive

10. Work Cited
• Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2005). An integrated review of
indirect, relational, and social aggression. Personality and
Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 212–230.
• Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of
threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side
of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 5–33.
• Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation
of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social
adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74–101.

11. • Downey, G., Irwin, L., Ramsay, M., & Ayduk, O. (Eds.).
(2004). Rejection sensitivity and girls’ aggression. New York,
NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
• Graham, K., & Wells, S. (2001). The two worlds of aggression
for men and women. Sex Roles, 45(9–10), 595–622.