PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

2. Prejudice is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming
aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to
refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward
people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social
class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race / ethnicity, language,
nationality, or other personal characteristics. In this case, it refers
to a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on
their perceived group membership. Prejudice can also refer to
unfounded beliefs and may include "any unreasonable attitude
that is unusually resistant to rational influence" . Gordon Allport
defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a
person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience".

3. Historical approaches
The first psychological research conducted on prejudice occurred in the
1920s. This research attempted to prove white supremacy. One article
from 1925 reviewing 73 studies on race concluded that the studies
seemed "to indicate the mental superiority of the white race". These
studies, along with other research, led many psychologists to view
prejudice as a natural response to inferior races .
In the 1930s and 1940s, this perspective began to change due to the
increasing concern about anti-Semitism. At the time, theorists viewed
prejudice as pathological and thus looked for personality syndromes
linked with racism. Theodor Adorno believed that prejudice stemmed
from an authoritarian personality; he believed that people with
authoritarian personalities were the most likely to be prejudiced
against groups of lower status. He described authoritarians as "rigid
thinkers who obeyed authority, saw the world as black and white, and
enforced strict adherence to social rules and hierarchies“.

4. Controversies and prominent topics
One can be prejudiced against or have a preconceived notion about someone due to any characteristic they find to be unusual or
undesirable. A few commonplace examples of prejudice are those based on someone's race, gender, nationality, social status,
sexual orientation, or religious affiliation, and controversies may arise from any given topic.
Nationalism
Classism Racism
Multiculturalism

5. Nationalism
Nationalism is a belief or political
ideology that involves an individual
identifying with, or becoming
attached to, one's nation.

6. Classism
Prejudice against people belonging
to a particular social class.

7. Racism consists of ideologies and practices that
seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution
of privileges, rights or goods among different racial
groups. Modern variants are often based in social
perceptions of biological differences between
peoples. These can take the form of social actions,
practices or beliefs, or political systems that
consider different races to be ranked as inherently
superior or inferior to each other, based on
presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or
qualities. It may also hold that members of
different races should be treated differently.

10. Discrimination by:
• Multiculturalism
• Gender Discrimination
• Linguistic Discrimination[Language]
• Social class
• Skin Color
• Religion
• Age
• National origin
• Species

11. Multiculturalism is a body of thought in political philosophy about the
proper way to respond to cultural and religious diversity.
This can happen when a jurisdiction is created or expanded by
amalgamating areas with two or more different cultures (e.g. French
Canada and English Canada) or through immigration from different
jurisdictions around the world (e.g. Australia, Brazil, Mexico, the United
States, and many other countries).

12. Discrimination based on gender or sex is a common civil
rights violation. Discrimination on the basis of gender takes
many forms; including sexual harassment, pregnancy
discrimination, and unequal pay for women who do the same
jobs as men.

13. Linguistic discrimination (also called linguicism and
languagism) is the unfair treatment of an individual based
solely on their use of language.
Based on a difference in use of language, a person may
automatically form judgments about another person's
wealth, education, social status, character or other traits.
These perceived judgments may then lead to the
unjustifiable treatment of the individual.

14. Social Class.
“Segments of the population sharing broadly
similar types and levels of resources, with
broadly similar styles of living and (for some
sociologists) some shared perception of their
collective condition.”
Structured inequalities between different
groups of people”
Historically: Slavery, Caste, Estates and Class.
Prejudice that members of one race are superior
to members of other races,
OR discriminatory or abusive behavior towards
members of another race.
Everybody can
be successful

15. SKIN COLOUR
Discrimination treatment based on skin
color also may be attributed to ethnic
heritage and race.
Although the most typical scenario of color
discrimination involves lighter skinned
African Americans discriminating against
darker skinned African Americans, color
bias cases also have been brought within
other groups, including Native Americans,
Arabs and Hispanic.
God chose the variety among
their children

16. Religion
Discrimination on religion is the
treatment of a person or group
by the different religious
customs and beliefs of each
person.
A Vietnamese Buddhist monk burned himself to death in
an act of protest against the Diem government in June
1963. Constituting a majority of the country's population,
Buddhists in Vietnam accused the Diem government of
religious discrimination.
We are equal and
we can choose
our religions

17. Age
is discrimination to people who are old or
young age are sometimes discriminated against
by his intellect or wisdom that each person has
Everybody are equals
and have all
opportunities

18. National Origin
National origin discrimination means treating someone less
favorably because he or she comes from a particular place,
because of his or her ethnicity or accent, or because it is
believed that he or she has a particular ethnic background.
National origin discrimination also means treating someone
less favorably at work because of marriage or other
association with someone of a particular nationality.
Nationality: refers to our citizenship -- in other words, the
nation we are a member.
Language: is a major vehicle for the expression of prejudice
or discrimination.
Cultural: is defined by shared cultural practices, including
but not limited to holidays, food, language, and customs.
We are different
by equal.

19. Discrimination by Species
The fact that non-human animals don’t belong to our specie,
implies they don’t deserve equal consideration: According to
this we could discriminate animals (for example) simply
because they don’t belong to a certain group (skin color,
gender…) but doing this is wrong (just as discriminating due
to specie is) because the group we belong to doesn’t
determine our interest.
Discrimination against race, religion, species, ethnicity or nationality,
makes human, animals have equal rights, because the planet earth is
our.
The
animal
have
equal
right
too.

20. Kalp
Ansh
Raj Parth
Dhaval
Paritosh
Parin
Het