The document discusses different classifications of expressive means and stylistic devices in stylistics. It describes Skrebnev's 1994 classification, which combines principles from Leech and Galperin's classifications. Skrebnev avoided simply combining the systems, and instead created a new hierarchical arrangement. The classification includes paradigmatic and syntagmatic stylistics, breaking down devices by parts of speech and syntactic structures. It provides extensive lists of specific expressive means and stylistic devices within each category.

2. ONE OF THE LATEST CLASSIFICATIONS OF
EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES IS
GIVEN IN THE BOOK «FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGLISH
STYLISTICS» Y. M. SKREBNEV PUBLISHED IN 1994.
SKREBNEV'S APPROACH DEMONSTRATES A
COMBINATION OF PRINCIPLES OBSERVED IN
LEECH'S SYSTEM OF PARADIGMATIC AND
SYNTAGMATIC SUBDIVISION AND THE LEVELORIENTED APPROACH ON WHICH GALPERIN'S
CLASSIFICATION IS FOUNDED.
 DIFFERS FROM BOTH SINCE SKREBNEV MANAGED
TO AVOID MECHANICAL SUPERPOSITION OF ONE
SYSTEM ONTO ANOTHER AND CREATED A NEW
CONSISTENT METHOD OF THE HIERARCHICAL
ARRANGEMENT OF THIS MATERIAL.


3. 
Paradigmatic stylistics:

phonetics - italics, capitalisation, repetition of letters, onomatopoeia;

morphology - deprsonification;

lexicology - Positive: poetic, official, professional. Neutral. Negative:
colloquial, neologosims, jargon, slang, nonce-word, vulgar words;

syntax - completeness of sentence structure: ellipsis, aposiopesis, onemember nominative sentences, repetition of sentence parts, syntactic
tautology, polysydenton. Word order: inversion of sentence members.
Communicative types of sentences: quasi-affirmative sentences, quasiinterrogative sentences, quasi-negative sentences, quasi-imperative
sentences. Type of syntactic connection: detachment, parenthetic
elements, asyndetic subordination and coordination;

semantics - hyperbole, meosis, metonymy, metaphor, allusion,
personification, antonomasia, allegory, irony.

4. 
Syntagmatic stylistics:

phonetics -alliteration, assonance, paronomasia, rythm and
meter, rhyme;

morphology - it deals with the importance of grammar
forms used in a paragraph or text that help in creating a
certain stylistic effect.

lexicology - it studies the "word-and content" juxtaposition
that presents a number of stylistic problems - especially
those connected with the co-occurrence of words of various
stylistic colourings;

syntax - parallelism, anaphora, epiphora, framing,
anadiplosis, chiasmus;

semantics - simile, clarifying synonyms, climax, anti-climax,
zeugma, pun, disguised tautology, oxymoron, antithethis.

5. Simply organized and very detailed.
 His manual "Stylistics" published in 1971
includes following subdivision of expressive
means and stylistic devices based on the
level-oriented approach:


6.  1)
Phonetic expressive means and stylistic
devices
 2)
Lexical expressive means and stylistic
devices -
 3)
Syntactical expressive means and stylistic
devices

7.  Onomatopoeia

Alliteration
 Rhyme
 Rhythm

8. 
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Metaphor
Metonymy
Polysemy
Zeugma and pun
Epithet
Oxymoron
Antonomasia
Simile
Periphrasis
Euphemism
Hyperbole
Cliches
Proverb and saying
Quotation
Allusion;

9.  Inversion
 Detached
 Constructions
 Parallel
constructions
 Chiasmus
 Repetition
 Enumeration
 Suspense
 Climax
 Antithesis
 Asyndenton
 Polysyndeton
 Gap-sentence
 Ellipses
 Aposiopesis
 Question
on the
narrativе
 Represented speech
 Rhetorical
questions
 Litotes.

10. 
Classification by Galperin is simpler and more
undestandable than by Skrebnev. But Skrebnev's
classification has more details, and he shares
each meaning by parts of speech. It is good if we
review expressive means and stylistic devices as
separate unit in the text.

Galperin also shares them by part of speech, but
in his classification expressive means and
stylistic devices are more linked to each other.
And it helps to understand them better without
any omission of a meaning of expressive means
and stylistic devices. It lets perceive the overall
picture of stylistics.