Project Energy Efficient Database Management Systems Essay

Project Energy Efficient Database Management Systems Essay
Abstract– Energy is a growing component of the operational cost for many data intensive deployments. A large number of efforts have been made in
the field of energy efficient computing at various levels ranging from individual hardware components, system software and to applications.
In this paper, I have described the concept of energy efficiency problem and recent techniques to design energy efficient database management systems.
I have broadly classified recent research into three categories: hardware based, software based and cluster based database designs. Last section of
paper includes a description of power models used for evaluation of energy efficiency solutions.
Section 1
Introduction
Data center industry supporting internet has become world 's largest consumer of energy. In 2013, nearly three million computer rooms in US used
enough energy to power all the households in New York for two years, equivalent to the annual output of 34 large coal fired power plants[1]. Direct
monthly energy costs for data centers make up around 23% of the total amortized monthly operating costs [19].
This data revolution has led to an exponential growth in digital data making database management systems (DBMS) one of the major energy
consumers in data centers. Enterprise server systems reportedly operated on over 9 zettabytes (1 zettabyte = 1021 bytes) of data in 2008 [2], with data
volumes doubling every 12 to 18 months. Businesses such as Amazon and Wal–Mart heavily rely
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Memory Management and Microprocessor
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we will cover the memory management of Windows NT which will be covered in first section, and microprocessors which will be
covered in second section. When covering the memory management of Windows NT, we will go through physical memory management and virtual
memory management of that operating system. In virtual memory management section, we will learn how Windows NT managing its virtual memory
by using paging and mapped file I/O.
After covering the memory management, we will go through microprocessor. In this section, we will learn a bit about the recent microprocessors, such
as Intel and AMD microprocessors. We also will learn about the trends that affecting the performance of microprocessors.
INTRODUCTION ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The segmentation scheme in Intel 80386 microprocessor is more advanced than that in Intel 8086 microprocessor. The 8086 segments start at a fixed
location and are always 64K in size, but with 80386, the starting location and the segment size can separately be specified by the user.
The segments may overlap, it allows two segments to share address space. To send the necessary information, segment tables with segment selector as
index are used. At any time, only two segment tables can be active. They are Global Descriptor Table (GDT) and a Local Descriptor Table (LDT).
This two segment table only can be executed by the operating system.
Segment table is an array of segment descriptors which specify the starting address and the size of the segment. Each segment descriptor has 2 bits
specifying its privilege level, called as the Descriptor Privilege Level (DPL). This DPL has to be compared with Requested Privilege Level (RPL) and
Current Privilege Level (CPL) before processor grants the access to a segment. If the DPL of the segment is less than or equals to the RPL as well as
the CPL, then the processor will grant access to a particular segment. This serves as protection mechanism for operating system.
1.2.2.Virtual Memory Management in Windows NT
Windows NT virtual memory manager provides large virtual memory space to applications via two memory management processes. They are called
paging (moving data between

Disadvantages Of Multi Core Architecture
INTRODUCTION: Now industry tends towards multi–core processor architecture rather than single core. Many new applications are multi–threaded
like Database servers, Web servers, Compilers, Scientific applications like CAD/CAM. In multi–core microprocessor two or more chips called cores
shared same processor die. It seems that computer has different independent separate processes. CPU–IC has one or more chips which have separate
ALUs and L1 caches. These cores share some memory inside the CPU die called L2 or L3 caches. Cores use same main memory for instruction and
data fetch through common bus interface. Parallelism techniques for execution are used like pipelining through dynamic scheduling. Multi–core
processor can execute several threads parallel so increase in speed of processor. OS treats cores as separate processors and splits the process in subset
of threads that can run parallel on these cores resulting in high performance. In multi–core architecture clock rate is kept low to reduce heat and power
consumption but performance in high speed overall. Multi core architecture have many challenges like increase in hardware complexity,... Show more
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The dynamic power is given by Patterson and Hennessy: Power=capacitive load * voltage * clock rate. As the clock rate increases, thermal design
power (TDP) or output power increases. To overcome this, developers redesign the micro–architecture with changes in hardware and software
architectures[3]. Due to this, clock rate decreases from 3.6GHZ to 1.8GHZ with multi core architecture .Intel introduces its first Pentium D multi core
micro–processor in 2005 with TDP 95–130.In 2006 Intel introduces different multi core architecture with less TDP like Yonah, Nehalem, Westmere,
sandy bridge and lvy Bridge in 2012 that is much innovative micro–processor. Intel reduces TDP from 130–30w but with increasing no. of transistors
and clock

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Multi Core Processor
Generally the CPU has fetch, decode, and execute operation. Most of today's multi–core processors feature shared caches. In shared caches the caches
are splitted into blocks and are used randomly by each core in a multi–core processor. Because of this there is severe delay experienced by each core
and the processing speed is also reduced. This happens due to more time taken for read operation of memory and CPU. The problem faced by such
architectures is cache contention. So far the time required for fetching is more when compared to the execution process. The fetching time must be
reduced. Hence to address this problem, we have implemented a program that allows the usage of cache memory for each core of a processor at same
time. In our concept, we execute all jobs of each... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ADVANTAGES OF MULTI
–CORE PROCESSOR The maximum energy in the processing will be visualized in developing the time while simulating
the CPU processes like scanning of anti–virus, writing, reading, and burning the data. Thinking that the die is set into the package in a physical
manner, then the multiple core processor implementations will need very little space for PCB than the multiple chip SMP implementation. Also,
a two core processor utilizes very little amount of power than the two strongly bonded single core processor, due to the reduced power needed to
transmit the signals outer material to the chip. XIII. EQUATIONS If we consider that the fetching and execution process are on various blocks of
cache then the quantity of the process being simulated is 1/n. also if it is said that they are developed on the similar block of cache memory being
executed is k/n, where k is the quantity of fetch and execute process being performed. P is said to be the full quantity of cores. N is the full quantity
of blocks of cache. The CPU writing time is shown below. CPU write time estimation CPU write time= [CPU pulse period + Memory cycles with L1]
* pulse period

Parallel Computing Of Cryptography : A Literature Review
PARALLEL COMPUTING IN CRYPTOGRAPHY
A Literature Review
Presented to
Sharmin Khan
Department of Computer Science
San Jose State University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Class
CS 200W
By
Rachel Gonsalves
May 2016
Abstract
In today's world a lot of data is being exchanged via the internet. Sensitive data such as official documents, bank details, credit card information, as well
as personal information is being sent online. To maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this data, it needs to be encrypted. Cryptology
deals with cryptography and cryptanalysis, i.e., encryption and decryption of information. To keep the data safe from intruders, various cryptographic
algorithms are implemented. Parallel processing enhances the speed of these systems and makes it more efficient. Parallel computation can be
performed using multicore processors by parallelizing the execution of algorithms in multiple cores. The main area of focus will be the parallelization of
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, which is widely in use today. The paper reviews the implementation of AES algorithm on multiple
cores and the speedups observed in the process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Introduction4
2.Cryptography5

3.Advanced Encryption Standard5
4.Message Passing Interface6
5.Parallel Processing System8
6. Results and Performance9 6.1. Encryption9 6.2. Decryption11
7.Conclusion13 References13

Recommendation Report On Cpu For College Student Computer
Recommendation Report
CPU for College Student Computer Build
EGR 3350 – 06
10/15/2014
Brian Luttmer
Wright State University
Introduction:
Purpose:
The purpose of this report is to recommend an affordable and powerful CPU for a college student not knowledgeable in computer hardware, but wants
a new PC.
Problem:
Computers are an important tool that many students use during college to accomplish tasks for classes. Laptops are commonly used around campuses;
however, they don't always prove to be strong enough to complete all the tasks that college students would like to run. When a laptop isn't large enough
to run all the software a student would like, a desktop computer comes next in power. A desktop computer is capable of more customization to fit the
needs of a person with its performance and visuals. Most colleges offer desktop computers that can run advanced programs, however it is not always
convenient to a college student to have to go onto campus to use this software. This is why it is more suitable for college students to have their own
desktop PC at home.
When building a pc, one needs to consider what they are going to use the PC for. For a college student, some uses of a desktop pc could consist of
gaming, video editing, and running software. All three of these rely on each part of the computer to perform the task. One component used heavily in
all three of the tasks is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The CPU is a piece of computer hardware that

The Xeon Brand
The Xeon brand is created and designed by Intel Corporation, the world's largest and leading microprocessor manufacturer. This processor brand is
especially designed for workstations and servers as it has larger cache compared to the processors that are designed for desktop machines.
Intel Corporation has released numerous microprocessor models bearing the Xeon moniker since its initial release in 1998. Among its leading and
recognized model that was specifically created for the dual core workstations and servers, is the Intel Xeon 5000 series. This was produced and first
introduced to the market in May 2006.
What are the reasons behind the popularity of Intel Xeon 5000 series?
The Xeon 5000 series, or also known as Dempsey, is one of the most valued and preferred server platforms as it provides better or twice the
performance of its predecessor single–core platforms. On top of this, it includes development or enhancement in memory, reliability and consistency
and it help enhance the platform for the needs and demands of multi–core processing and virtualization environments.
When it comes to price and performance, the Intel Xeon processor 500 series has proven its value, strength and excellence through the benchmark
surveys conducted. The key features of Intel Xeon processor 5000 series are as follows:
45 mm Microarchitecture
Dual core
4 MB Cache
Clock speed of 2.66 to 3.20 GHz
Intel hyper–threading technology
Reliable channel warranty program
32–bit

Next Generation Microprocessor Essay
Introduces the next generation of processors Yiming Xiao As the need for micro– architecture performance modeling power level will continue to work
with future workload and performance requirements increase , the designer must make the right choices in defining the next generation of low–power
microprocessors. In this article , I will mainly talk about the next generation of processors and processor used on smart phones and how they are
designed in different situations. next generation processor Firstly, the design team early in the design cycle, consider limiting the power consumption
and heat dissipation, you can use an intrinsically low power microarchitecture line. This will more than teams make some advantages. Besides, power...
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In other words, they may just be interested to minimize the workload for a given power to run , but not with the performance of the execution
time , but it does not exceed certain limits. MIPS performance measurement and power watts refer to the average or maximum value, derived from
the specifications of the chip. For example, January 1 gigahertz ( 109 times / sec ) treatment, which can be completed up to 4 cycles per
instruction , the maximum theoretical yield is 4000 MIPS. If the average completion rate of a combination of workload data per instructions
/ cycle, MIPS will be equal to 1000 times the P. average , however, when it comes to work focused on evaluating and features processor ,
parameters, often controversial. In addition to determining a set of reference applications for the account of the matter, the basic question remains
on how the performance is due to the presence of a single ( average) Evaluation This is a meaningful comparison of a group of machines. Third, we
can use the statistics of resource use by these cycles can be easily performed from a monitoring driving performance or cellular level simulator to
estimate the activity factor . Each resource model , if the specific energy model exists in a given cycle, if the access or use of cell i can determine the
consumption of corresponding energy , and adds to the overall use of unit of net energy. Therefore , when one end of the simulation ,

Why Parallel Programming?
Nowadays, computers have incredible hardware futures, enabling problems to be resolved faster than before. According to Moore's Law, the
simplified version of this law states that processor speeds or overall processing power for computers will double every two years. Illustration of
Moore's Law 1970–2010 Manufactures were concerned how they could resolve the problem of the transistors over heating as more power
generated would increase the temperature of the chips. To resolve the problem the design engineers changed the design of the microprocessors and
used the parallelism i.e increasing the number of cores in a chip. Following the changes of the microprocessors design to parallelism, to take full
advantage of multi core processors, this necessitated software developers to write parallel software. Peter S.Pacheco in his book, An Introduction to
Parallel Programming wrote,"Ordinary serial programs, which are programmers written for a conventional single core processor, usually cannot
exploit the presence of multiple cores, and it's unlikely that translation programs will be able to shoulder all the work of parallelizing serial programs,
meaning converting them into parallel programs, which can make use of multiple cores. As software developers, we need to learn to write parallel
programs. When we write parallel programs, we usually need to coordinate the work of the cores; this can involve communication among the cores,
load balancing, and synchronization

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Multithreading
threads to work.
Also , this is a generation where almost everyone has a smartphone and hence many of us confuse multithreading and multitasking as similar.
Almost all mobiles are Dual–Core or Quad–Core and this therefore means that the mobile has either 2 or 4 CPU's which are capable of executing
different instructions at the same time.
The different threads can hereby run in parallel on different CPUs which can help execute instructions faster and accurately.
Multi–threading is not the same as multi–tasking, multi–tasking is the ability to run multiple programs at the same time; while multi–threading is the
ability to execute different portions of the same program at the same time.
In very easy language multi threading in Operating System ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We'll consider threads as kid methods that share the parent process resources however execute severally. Multiple threads of one method will share
the CPU in an exceedingly single CPU system or (purely) run in parallel in an exceedingly data processing system. A multitasking system will have
multi rib processes wherever totally different processes share the CPU and at identical time every has its own threads.
The question is why we want to possess multiple threads of execution among one method context. Let's consider an example wherever it's additional
convenient to possess a multi rib application. Suppose that we simply have a UI application wherever you would like to issue a command that need
while to end let's consider a mathematical computation. Unless you run this command in an exceedingly separate execution thread you'll not be able to
move with the most application user interface (for example change a progress bar) as a result of its attending to be not responding whereas the
calculation is

Methods Of Performance Evaluation And Verification On...
Methods of Performance Evaluation and Verification on Multi–Core Architecture for Motion Estimation Algorithm Trupti Dhaygude1, Sopan
D.Kadam2 and Shailesh.V.Kulkarni3 Department of Electronics and Tele
–Communication Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Pune–
48 1dhaygudetrupti@gmail.com 2 sopan.kadam173@gmail.com 3svk12345@rediffmail.com Abstract– Video compression utilizes high
computational power. For real–time requirements of multimedia applications faster computations need to be performed. To fulfill such requirements of
video compression a parallel computational algorithm can be implemented. In this thesis, the parallelism of multi–core architecture was exploited using
block matching algorithm. The test–implementation of the algorithm was done on MATLAB. The parallel model was designed using OpenMP and its
implementation was tested on multi–core architectures. The parallel implementation divides a current frame into independent macro blocks and each
block is allotted to OpenMP section which then assigns it to a thread for performing the computations. The result of the implementation shows speedier
computations with effective utilization of multi–cores. This work suggests a promising approach which can further be developed and exploited.
Keywords– motion estimation, block matching algorithm, multi–core architecture, OpenMP, multithreading. I.INTRODUCTION In the present motion
estimation scenario, faster and more efficient algorithm needed to be

Imac Essay
The iMac was made by Apple, released on June 5, 2017. The iMac is ideal for me because it fits all my requirements for general use. The cost of this
computer starts at $1399.00, but when adding additional features the price can go to $3,079.
The price I would buy it at is $1,729, paying this amount I get additional features that includes the 3.0GHz quad–core 7th–generation Intel Core i5
processor, which is useful for me as I need it for daily use and require the processor to run fast, the 8GB 2400MHz memory that is enough since I
would use it for basic document work, photo editing multi–tab browsing and media streaming and even though this sounded like a lot these tasks can
be completed with 4 GB so for me 8GB is more than enough. Another ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From these options I would have the 1TB SSD because an SSD does everything a hard drive does functionally, but data is instead stored on
interconnected flash memory chips that retain the data even when there's no power present so nothing is moving. Opposite to that is a hard drive
which basically is a metal platter with a magnetic coating that stores your data, this last only for a certain time until it wears off, and the disk also
spins making noise. For speed, an SSD–equipped PC will boot in just seconds and a hard drive requires time to speed up to operating specs, and will
continue to be slower than an SSD during normal use. Due to this high speed storage, loading large files and launching softwares will be much faster
than the previous macs.
For the appearance for the iMac pro, the height of it is 17.7 inches, the width is 20.8 inches, the stand depth is 6.9 inches and the weight of it is 5.66
kg. Moreover, it has an amazing 500 nits of brightness along with a billion colours. This feature is one of my favourites because I love taking photos
and with the iMac the photos will look much brighter, colourful and they will have amazing quality.
The casing of this computer is made out of aluminum. For ventilation there is a long vent on the bottom portion of the rear casing included. There are
also slots facilities that perform airflows which allows

Nt1310 Unit 3 Internal Components
Internal components:
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it's the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application
software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for
Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using "greater
than", "less than" or "equal to". Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all
data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.
CPU can be single core, dual core, quad core ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's more expensive than USB 2.0 and full duplex what means that can send and receive data at once.
Nowadays there are also keyboards and mousses that can be connected via Wi–Fi. It's a wireless technology that allows computers and other type of
electronic devices to communicate through a wireless signal. Wi–Fi is the most common way to connect computers to wireless networks.
Bluetooth also uses a wireless technology that enables communication between compatible devices. Bluetooth uses a standard 2.4 GHz frequency what
allows all Bluetooth–enabled devices to be compatible with each other.
пѓјAs we can see in the image above mouse and keyboard are connected to the motherboard via PS/2 Port. PS/2 connector allows us to connect some
keyboards and mouse to a personal computer.
пѓјMouse is an input and pointing device that allows the user to control the graphical user interface. Keyboard is an input device that allows the user to
input data and give commands to the operating system by typing. Commonly, a keyboard contains all the alphabetical letters, numbers from 1 to 9 and
punctuation

Indian Version of Galaxy S5 Is Slower than Global Version?
Samsung Galaxy S5 is launched in India with the Exynos processor which is a slightly lower variant and this has raised a few controversial
debates. Samsung fans in India may not have realized the fact that the company will be offering a slower variant of processor in its much awaited
smartphone Samsung Galaxy S5. They will have to be satisfied with the Exynos 5422 processor while in most countries globally, Galaxy S5 is
powered by Snapdragon 801 processor. It is only when one compares the two processors would one come to know the differences in the processor
abilities of Exynos 5422 and Snapdragon 801. Similar situations arose earlier too. Samsung has been selling the Snapdragon version in places where
4G is available and pushing the Exynos 5422 in areas where 3G is suitable. Exynos 5422 octa–core processor is based on ARM's big.LITTLE
architecture having four ARM Cortex A15 cores clocked at 2.1GHz and four ARM Cortex A7 cores up to 1.5GHz. The configuration was seen in
the previous Exynos processor but the latest Heterogeneous Multi Processing (HMP) technology allows it to use all eight cores or in any split
combination totaling all eight at same time for much better enhanced performance at 34 percent better performance. The previous Exynos could run
only 4 cores at a time. Comparatively Snapdragon 801 processor from Qualcomm that is being used by Samsung globally is powered by quad– Krait
400 CPU clocking at 2.5 GHz. The Snapdragon 801 has many features integrated like

Implementing Multi Core Processors And Database Systems Essay
This is the introduction of multi–core processors and database systems. Database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables
you to store, modify, and retrieve information from the database. There are many different types of DBMS, ranging from small systems that run on
personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. Database management system is necessary transaction processing and query processing.
Today, the paralleldatabase system can run on multi–core platforms. Presented within an overview of how to design and implement multi–core
machines have been affected by the database management system.
EXPLANATION OF PAPER
This paper describes why author think important of parallel database systems can be run on multi–core platforms. Database management systems have
two important functions. One is Transaction processing, the other is query processing.
The core database algorithms, joins, aggregation, zoning and classification, are relatively easy to parallel. However, Difficulty occurs mainly as a result
of data distribution. Skew can cause load imbalance. Hotspots can prevent the transaction and serialization execution. That is why author think the net
result of these trends is that parallel database systems can be run on multi–core platforms. In addition, the author lists the various aspects of the
situation like CPU cache performance and memory–resident concurrency management. And the author also offers some solutions for allowed database

Improvements Of The Energy Efficiency For Cloud Computing
University of Waterloo
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Improvements of the Energy Efficiency for Cloud Computing Self Study
Yuhan Wu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Introduction
Nowadays, with the development of technology, the demand for high speed computing for the computers increases significantly. Cloud computing is
the most emphasized Information and Communications Technology (ICT) which can effectively implement high speed computing [1]. Most common
products that people used in their daily life such as cloud drive and Google search are based on cloud computing, therefore it is necessary to ... Show
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The high rotation speed will cause not only the dramatic increase of temperature but also the loud noise. The low energy efficiency of HDDs is
due to the heat loss which is caused by high temperature, and the friction in mechanical content of discs and air. As for the SSD, the data will be
stored in the flash chip through the channel of transistors, so it does not require rotating [4]. It can save a massive range of energy which HDDs
will lose when HDDs are rotating. It is extremely energy efficient to use SSDs in ICT equipment because the demand for writing or reading data is
increasing dramatically. The drawback is that the price of SSDs is much higher than that of HDDs, so the SSD is difficult to be widely used until the
price is reasonable. In addition, improving the energy efficiency of cooling system is also effective [5]. To be specific, it is important to use
"right–sizing" cooling system, which can automatically adjust the power of cooling system [5]. The temperature for ICT equipment is variable,
therefore the cooling system can increase the power while the temperature is high. On the contrary, the cooling system can decrease the power while
the temperature is low. To successfully implement "right–sizing" cooling system, the data center operators should take additional methods to measure
the temperature [5]. Thirdly, the energy efficiency ofserver processors is also helpful for reducing energy consumption

Cis 105 Week 1 Checkpoint
Computers Comparison Students Name University of Phoenix January 21, 1011 Computers Comparison I believe most of the general populations
are aware of how rapidly technology evolves. I will start by giving a little bit of background into my own computer system. I purchased my Desktop
computer system in late October 2008. At the time I was set to begin a journey into the world of higher education and needed a computer that could
keep up with me. As I did my research into what was on the market that would fit not only my budget, but the needs I believe I needed. I quickly found
I was not interested in anything that was on the market in stores, simply because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe to make an assessment of which system is better a system would have to factor in the needs of the user, the budget the user intended to stay
within and overall preference. Whether users were to choose either the Genesis or the Mac Pro, I believe they would be more than satisfied with the
performance of either system.
References Norton (Ed.). (2006). Computing Fundamentals. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e–Text]. New York, New York: McGraw
–Hill.
Retrieved January 21, 2011, from CIS105 – Computers–Inside and Out. Macintoch. (2011). MacWorld. Retrieved from http://www.macworld.com
/reviews/product/586740/review/apple_mac_pro_xeon28ghz_4_cores.html PcWorld. (2010). PcWorld. Retrieved from

The Pros And Cons Of The Intel Platform
A platform is a place where support can be provided for a system or software or hardware and where they work. For example, the Windows XP
system can be seen as a platform in which many software and function programs are installed, and the system that supports these programs is the
system. The system can be seen as a platform. Intel platform is based on compatible Intel products, specifically for Intel development of software or
hardware providers, they developed what is the Intel platform things. The Intel platform is not a processor. Intel platform and AMD platform are
commonly known as the X86 series, but the CPU core architecture design of the two companies is different, the direction of development is not the
same, because the design of CPU LED chip group and matching have great difference. However, since both Intel and AMD use standard interfaces to
support the hardware of compatible vendors, graphics cards and other devices can be used across platforms.
From 2003 to the initial release of Centrino wireless mobile computing, the people; from the traditional processor, the South / ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
AMD's CPU is better at multithreading, and it can be very smooth when running multiple programs at the same time. Intel is better in terms of stability
and power consumption. If you want to select high Intel platform, because the high–end CPU basically is Intel monopoly, the strength of AMD is
somewhat better than. Medium and low with the above, Intel stability and power consumption is very good, the price is more expensive, but AMD
CPU in the performance of a good point, much cheaper. As for the choice of what kind of platform will see their own needs, if the daily office and
entertainment, I will use the Intel CPU, the stability is more important and the performance and power consumption are doing well; if it is necessary
multi–threaded capability, I will use AMD CPU, with AMD graphics and the pursuit of cost–effective better

Analysis Of AMD And Intel
The CPU most determines how a PC performs, which is why finding the right computer processor is essential for making a system upgrade or
starting a new build. It is important to buy a desktop processor that can handle the tasks you need your computer to perform. Equally as critical are
budget considerations; you want the best CPU performance for the dollar, and do not want to pay for unneeded features. With hundreds of CPUs to
choose from, options abound. Understanding how CPU specifications and model numbers relate to performance will help you make a proper
processor comparison. Brands: AMD vs Intel When it comes to desktop CPUs, consumers have two choices: AMD and Intel. In 2016, AMD is
typically associated with budget processors,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the old days of single–core processing, frequency was really tied to performance–the more hertz, the faster your system. Today, as technology has
moved to multi–core processing, clock speed is less of a performance indicator than other facets of a CPU. Where clock speed remains a factor is
when comparing CPUs that have otherwise similar specifications–the same number of cores and amount of cache memory, for instance. This is why
CPU models of the same processor family are organized by SKU in increments of operating frequency. You can filter CPUs by clock speed in the
Desktop Processor store. Multi–Core CPUs Modern processors commonly have several individual CPUs–called cores– built onto one die. Operating
systems recognize each core as its own separate CPU and yield a system performance boost when performing multiple tasks at the same time. The
physics is the same as having multiple CPUs in your system. Most if not all mainstream desktop processors on the market are dual– or quad–core
CPUs. Certain models of AMD desktop processors have six or eight cores. Multiple cores help a computer work on several tasks at the same time, or
run complex applications like creative programs and analytical software. For basic web browsing and office work, a dual core suffices most of the
time. For running specialized software, a quad core is likely the way to go. You can filter CPUs by number of cores in the Desktop Processor store.
Cache Memory Cache memory is what

HTC Desire 400
Finally, after some speculation and assumptions, the features of HTC Desire 400 have been officially unveiled. However, a few specifications, such
as the OS version and HTC Desire price in Pakistan are yet to be revealed.
Here is an overview of the smartphone as revealed by the company's Russian website.
A Decent Look:
The handset looks sophisticated and attractive. It is 8.9 mm in thickness which makes it satisfyingly sleek. The overall length equals 5.04 inches, but
the screen covers only 4.3 inches of the area. This medium measurement makes the phone delightfully portable without disrupting the browsing, gaming
and video watching experience.
A Wonderful Display:
Users will be able to experience an amazing 'Super LCD2' touchscreen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the former, there is a rear cam as well as a 1.6 MP secondary camera in the front. The top–notch primary cam comes with a resolution of 8
MP. LED flash is included for brighter results. On the other hand, the Ukraine website says that the phone has only one 5 MP camera. It does come
with the basic features including flash, face detection, autofocus, touch–focus, and so on.
In both cases, users will have a decent camera for photography. Pictures will be clear and bright.
Superb Connectivity:
All possible options of connectivity will be available for users. The phone covers 2G as well as 3G network. In addition, data transfer can take place
through Bluetooth technology while Wi–Fi connectivity gives you access to internet browsing.
Appreciable Battery Life:
The phone houses a decent 1800 mAh battery with the support of which the talk time goes up to twelve hours. The stand–by time is just as impressive,
extending up to four hundred and thirty–five hours. This data proves the reliability of the phone's appreciable battery life.
Affordability:
Although the exact HTC Desire 400 price has not yet been revealed by the official sources, a rough estimate tells that the cost of the phone is
mid–range. Average folks who want to enjoy the luxuries of a smartphone with a delightful quality will definitely be willing to pay for what the phone
is worth. Therefore, it is not going to be out of reach for most potential buyers.

A Summary On Intel
Known as Intel Corporation (Intel) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Intel's revenue base is
one of the world's largest and most valuable semiconductor chip makers. Intel chipsets also the motherboard, network interface controllers and
integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing it. Semiconductor
pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore established it on July 18, 1968, and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew
Grove, Intel's advanced chip design capability with a leading–edge manufacturing combines capacity.
Intel, in 1981, While the majority of this business represents Intel's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Apple has become public knowledge CEO Steve Jobs announced that the company provided by Free–scale in its Macintosh computers (formerly:
Motorola) and IBM would make a transition from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors use, designed and developed by a chief supplier of processors for
most of Apple's competitors.
пѓ SWOT ANALYSIS
1.Strengths
Intel, globally recognized brand name and strong brand loyalty.
Dominant Intel microprocessors for PCs and the pioneer supplier.
It is still dominated by various memory devices.
Intel–based AMD has about 17% of the time revenue.
Intel microprocessor market share is 80%.
Intel is a global technology company and the world's largest semiconductor chip producers.
Of world's 100 most influential brands published by MBO, Intel is listed at number 48 in 2010 standing.
In the 1990s, one of the largest and most successful companies in the world was Intel. For PC business, Intel was a significant and beneficial hardware
provider.
2.Weaknesses

Intel's strategy sometimes used to divide defend its market position against its

Understanding The Concept Of Operating System That...
An OS that does not support multithreading cannot simultaneously utilize multiple processors (CPUs). Please explain why? (10 points) Ans) To
understand the concept of operating system that supports or does not support multithreading, we must first understand the meaning of multithreading.
Multithreading: Multithreading means running number of threads at the same given time. Usually, this term is used when we talk about single
processes which use more than one thread. So, at the level of CPU, one thread is running at one time only, but at the OS level, multiple threads or
processes can be at running state which means that they will be periodically scheduled to run on the processor. When we allude to a running thread or
procedure, we by and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multithreading and Multiprocessors (CPUs): A processor is a container for threads as far as the OS scheduler is concerned. Each process has at least
one thread. Other than that, running multiple processes and multiple threads are mostly the same thing: after each time slicing, the OS scheduler
determines the next thread to run for each CPU core, and then it switches the content to that particular thread. OS that does not support multithreading
cannot use multiprocessors: A thread which is a flow of execution through a process code which has its own program counter, system and stack is a
light weight process that provides a way to improve an application performance through parallelism. Two important characteristics of windows are its
support for threads and for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP). Within a single process, windows support the use of multiple threads of execution.
Simultaneously, multiple threads that are within the same process may execute on different processors. Without multithreading, one cannot divide the
work load, thus parallelism that is making use of more than one CPU simultaneously is impossible. Thus, if the operating system doesn't support
multithreading it cannot utilize the multiple processors because it can't distribute the processes among the processors. That's the reason supporting
multithreading is required for this process. Q2) Ava's software company has a contract to design and implement

Current Trends in Computer Architecture
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTEL CORE 2 DUO PROCESSOR A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University
and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering In The
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering By Tribuvan Kumar Prakash Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering Visveswaraiah Technological University, Karnataka, 2004. August 2007 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my
advisor, Dr. Lu Peng for his guidance, and constant motivation towards the completion of this thesis. His technical advice and suggestions helped me to
overcome hurdles and kept me... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
21 3.4 Memory Bandwidth and Latency Measurements ............................................. 23 4. Performance Comparison of Dual Core Processors Using
Multiprogrammed and Multithreaded Benchmarks ............................................................................................... 31 4.1 Overview
........................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Methodology .....................................................................................................
31 Multiprogrammed Workload Measurements .................................................... 33 4.3 4.4 Multithreaded Program Behavior
..................................................................... 36 5. 6. Related Work ............................................................................................................ 39 Conclusion
................................................................................................................ 41
References......................................................................................................................... 43
Vita.................................................................................................................................... 46 iii List of Tables Table 1.1 Specification of Intel Core 2 Duo
machine. ....................................................... 6 Table 2.1 SPEC CPU20006

Nt1310 Unit 1 Value Chain Analysis
Consideration
Price/Cost
The range of the price that we would consider on buying is it should be below RM6000.00. This is because we want it to stay on the budget that I have.
Performance of the computer (Processor)
The processor is like the brain of the computer and that is why before we would buy a computer we would like to know what kind of processor and
how much number of core and the speed of the processor is provided in the computer. For us we would go for Intel Core i7. Intel Core i7 is the 6th
generation of the Intel Core. The Intel Core i7 is a new class of computing with a host of a new features to power the desktop. It expect lighting fast
speeds and peak performance can through even the toughest of task and games. The build–in revolutionary Intel ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Windows 10 is the latest version form the Microsoft. The Windows 10 is design to be compatible with the hardware and software. It also always
enable the updates to help us stay current on the feature and security for the supported lifetime of your device. Moreover, we can play and connect
with the games across Xbox one and other Windows 10 device. Plus, Windows 10 is the most secure Windows that Microsoft ever build because it
cover by enhanced security feature that help to protect against other malware and even phishing attack.
Brand
As for the brand we would consider buying ASUS brand. We choose ASUS because ASUS already sustain other program to the computer. Thus, this
will help us to redeem the money because we do not need to bargain other add on software or a program.
Warranty
It is vital for consumers when you are purchasing your dreamed computer. As for the warranty we would like to have knowledge on how long is the
warranty given and does it cover both hardware and software issues. Generally speaking, do we have the security for the repair or replace of the
necessary need from the computer if the computer have a problem within the time period

Cheapest Analysis Essay
Cheap But Powerful : 5 Top Budget Touchscreen Windows Laptops Our Smartphones are touchscreen and we are used to touchscreen tablets so
now is the time for touchscreen laptops. One advantage these laptops are having is the Keyboard on which most of the computer functions are
dependent. The machine on which you can 'Touch' or 'Type'. So let us have a quick review at cheapest but the coolest touchscreen laptops which
best suits you. 1. HP Pavillion Touchsmart 11 : Price (Flipkart) : 27840 INR Key Features : OS Windows 10(64 bit) 500 GB Hard Disk AMD A4 CPU
4 GB DDR3 RAM An stylish ultraportable... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has a very bright screen and all day battery life. It can be a little bit slow while multi–processing of tasks. Some issues with the keyboard can be seen
while using heavy software. It has a very light weight and surprising loud speakers. 3. Acer Spin 5 : Price (Amazon) : 49213 INR Key Features : 128
GB Hard Drive 4GB DDR4 RAM Intel Core i3–6100U CPU 13.3 inch 16:9 IPS LED Design of this convertible PC is very classic and sturdy. It has a
maximum opening angle of 360 degrees so you can fold the PC back and make it a tablet .Weight of this device is 1.7 kg which is similar other rivals.
It is relatively costlier than other devices in this segment but worth it. Multitasking is quite fast with this convertible PC. 4. Dell Inspiron 11 3000
series 2 in 1 : Price (Amazon): 35130 INR Key Features : 500 GB Hard Drive 4 GB DDR3L RAM 1.6 GHz Intel Pentium Quad Core processor 11.6
inch LED Backlit Display This 2 in 1 multi–touch PC from Dell features a marvelous 360 degree foldable display that can be used as a Tablet. It has a
very fast processor which allows you to easily perform

Hyper Threading Technology
HYPER–THREADING TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
This report describes the Hyper–Threading Technology architecture, and discusses the microarchitecture details of Intel's first implementation on the
Intel Xeon processor family. For that reason, firstly, general processor microarchitecture and thread level parallelism will be explained. After that,
hyper–threading technology architecture will be discussed in a detailed manner. Then, first implementation examples will be given. Also, some
important components will be presented required for a hyper–threaded processor. After all, performace results of this new technology will conclude the
report.
Hyper–Threading Technology brings the concept of simultaneous multi–threading to a general ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multiprocessor systems have been used for many years, and high–end programmers are familiar with the techniques to exploit multiprocessors for
higher performance levels.
In recent years a number of other techniques to further exploit TLP have been discussed and some products have been announced. One of these
techniques is chip multiprocessing (CMP), where two processors are put on a single die. The two processors each have a full set of execution and
architectural resources. The processors may or may not share a large on–chip cache. CMP is largely orthogonal to conventional multiprocessor
systems, as you can have multiple CMP processors in a multiprocessor configuration. Recently announced processors incorporate two processors on
each die. However, a CMP chip is significantly larger than the size of a single–core chip and therefore more expensive to manufacture; moreover, it
does not begin to address the die size and power considerations.
Another approach is to allow a single processor to execute multiple threads by switching between them. Time–slice multithreading is where the
processor switches between software threads after a fixed time period. Time–slice multithreading can result in wasted execution slots but can
effectively minimize the effects of long latencies to

Intel vs Amd
A Research on the Legacy of Intel and AMD Microprocessors
From the introduction of the counting frame, or more popularly known as the abacus1, it was realized that the creation of a tool that is able assist in
mathematical calculations will greatly increase productivity and efficiency needs of man2. The use of abaci continued for numerous centuries up to the
years when early calculators made use of hole–placements in a dial to signify a count–similar to that of a rotary dial telephone3. As the years
progressed people needed more. It was seen that the simple addition, subtraction, and multiplication functions were not enough. The need for memory
storage features arose. People at that time perceived the abacus, comptometers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The multinational company brands its Quad–Core microprocessor as "The Ultimate multi–core performance". This innovative piece of technology is
basically designed for desktop personal computers. Enabled with a powerful multi–core technology, the Quad–Core chip is designed to handle immense
computation and visualization workloads. Providing all the bandwidth needed by users, the latest four–core Intel Core 2 Quad micro–architecture
provides a faster, cooler, and quieter desktop and workstations. The unparalleled performance of the Intel Core 2 Quad processor is achieved by each
of the four complete execution cores providing the full power of Intel Core micro–architecture. With this, more instructions can be achieved per clock
cycle, shorter and wider pipelines read and implement commands more quickly, and improved bus lanes move data throughout the system faster. As
Intel has declared on their webpage, "This quad–core processor represents Intel's continued leadership and drive of multi–core processing and more
parallel computing"8. The microprocessor company continues to elaborate that the latest versions, developed around Intel's 45nm manufacturing
technology, take the stated benefits to "a whole new level". This new technology utilizes hafnium–infused Hi–k transistors, providing even more
processor performance by doubling the transistor density, improving efficiency and speed relative to the previous generation,

Intel Core I7 Essay
INTRODUCTION:
Intel Core i7 is the part of all Intel desktop processor. It is built on the framework of multi processor architecture. Core i7 is a family of 64–bit x86
CPUs with upto eight cores from Intel that were introduced in 2008.
Nehalem is the codename for an Intel processor micro–architecture, successor to the Core micro–architecture. The first processor released with the
Nehalem architecture is the desktop Core i7.
Intel Core i7 is available in dual–core, quad–core and hex–core processors. Intel Core i7 has utilized several micro architectures, including:
Arrandale
Clarksfield
Lynnfield
Bloomfield
Gulftown
This can be installed in mobile, desktop and other embedded devices.
Intel Core i7 is the fastest version of Intel processor for computer and other devices. Intel created other processor too like Intel Core i5, Intel Core i3.
Intel Core i5 is same as Intel Core i7 with Turbo Boost Technology. Intel Core i7 is available in two
–six–varieties and it can support 12 threads
simultaneously. Its processor clock speed ranges from 1.70GHz to upto 3.90GHz with cache memory from 4 to 12 MB. Intel Core i7 TDP ranges from
130 watts to as low as 15 watts TDP.
As Similar to all other Intel Corei processors series, Corei7 also supports error correction memory, Intel platform protection Security and Intel OS
Guards.
Core i7 is manufactured with 45nm process, consists of 731 million transistors. Semiconductor manufacturing process technology used is 45 nm

What Is An Operating System?
What is an operating system? [1] The low–level software that manages the hardware resources of a computer in an efficient manner and schedule
different tasks is known as an OS (operating system) of a computer. Without an OS a computer is not able to do anything and it is useless. Main
hardware components of an operating system are; Main memory (RAM) which stores different DataInstruction and execute them. Input/output devices
(I/O devices) this includes as flash memory, and keyboards etc. CPU controls operation of computer system and controls scheduling of different
processes and instructions. Bus this connects components together and carries information between components An OS gives an environment in which
is able to execute different programs, i.e. Use memory, input/output (I/O), management of files and different computer resources, deciding between
various competing demands. OS is the most crucial part of a computer which handles the software and hardware and all of computer 's memory and
processes. Every part of main memory, every file and processes is controlled by an OS An operating systems includes four essential subsystem
managers; Memory Manager Processor Manager Device Manager File Manager These managers monitor their resources continuously which handles
the scheduling processes during which they de–allocate and allocate the resources. Users can directly interact with the operating system through a GUI
or by using an interface of command

Iphone vs Android Systems Essay
Galaxy S5 vs.Iphone 5s
When people are deciding to buy a smart phone a lot of questions are raised in their head before choosing one. Should I get an Android or an Iphone?
How much do I want to spend on a smart phone? Which phone has features that are beneficial to me? What specifications does each phone have?
Some people would say Iphones are better than Androids, while others say that Androids are better than Iphones. When looking at a Galaxy S5 and the
Iphone 5s there are major differences between them. One major factor when deciding to purchase a smart phone is the price of the smart phone. A
Galaxy S5 costs $199.99 for a two year contract with the carriers that are selling the phone. However, the Iphone 5s costs $149.99 for a two ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The resolution of the Iphone 5s is 640 x 1136 pixels. However, the Galaxy S5 has better resolution since it has 1080 x 1920 pixels. The Iphone 5s
has a pixel density of 326 ppi. However, the Galaxy S5 has a pixel density of 432 ppi which means it can fit more pixels on the screen than the
Iphone 5s' screen. One benefit that the touch screen of the Galaxy S5 has over the Iphone 5s is its multi touch screen. The multi touch screen on
the Galaxy S5 allows the user to be able to touch the touch screen in more than location simultaneously. One feature of the display specification of
the Galaxy S5 has that the Iphone 5s does not have is the scratch resistant glass .That means users who have the Galaxy S5 won't have worry about
getting scratches on the screen of their phones. However, Iphone 5s users will have to be careful with their phones if they do not want their phones
to get scratches. The camera is a major specification for people who are concerned with taking nice photos. The Iphone 5s has 1.2 megapixels in the
front facing camera. The Galaxy S5 has 2.1 megapixels. Since The Galaxy S5 has more megapixels than the Iphone 5s, that means the pictures taken
by Galaxy S5 are going to look sharper than the pictures taken by the Iphone 5s. The camera is one of the major specifications thath consumers look for
when searching to buy a smartphone. Another important specification that

Building An Exascale Scale System
Even though Exascale computing is providing very good opportunities in the field of science, like in the understanding of the behavior of the
fundamental components of nature. In order to build an Exascale scale system we have to overcome some of the critical challenge like architecture,
software, algorithm and data challenges. Some of the important challenges of the Exascale computing are, Challenges due to scale and complexity of
system Previously the power of super computers has grown by doubling the clock frequency. In the last two decades the trend has changed the power
of supercomputing is increased by increasing the number of processors. Vendors have started to put multiple processors (cores) on a chip; first two,
then four, then... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The shift to multicore Exascale systems will require applications to exploit million–way parallelism and overcome significant reductions in the
bandwidth and volume of memory available to each CPU. There is another looming shift in the complexity of the node architectures that will be as
big a challenge to software development as the exponential growth in processors. This is the potential shift to heterogeneous node architectures. The
major challenges caused by the increasing scale and complexity HPC systems are cross cutting of the entire software stack. The software challenges
include the rapid increase in parallelism, the memory wall, system heterogeneity and fault tolerance. Increasing Parallelism The tremendous increase
of system concurrency from hundreds of thousands to hundreds of millions will be a big challenge for system software to manage and for
applications to get good performance at this level of parallelism. As we all know that almost all of today's large–scale applications use the
message–passing programming model (MPI) together with traditional sequential languages (C, Fortran, C++), but the new architectures with many
cores per chip and parallelism in the millions will make this programming model more problematic and less productive in the future. Thus a new
approach is needed. Like

Compare The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Multi-Core Cpus
1)Explain the following terms. Compare the advantages and disadvantages between the terms. Provide at least 1–example of brand/model accordingly
to the terms. (Did by Nur Syifa bt Abdul Razak 124394) a) Multi–Core CPUs Multicore Cpus is a single computing component with two or more free
actual central processing units (called "cores"), which are the units that read and execute program instructions. The directions are common CPU
guidelines, for example, include, move information, and extension, however the numerous cores can run different guidelines in the meantime,
expanding general pace for projects managable to parallel computing. Manufacturers regularly incorporate the cores onto a solitary coordinated circuit
pass on (known as a chip multiprocessor... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Real Time ClockYes, needs a 3.3v coin cellNo Cache16 KB L1 cache32KB L1 cache & 128KB L2 cache; shared with CPU & GPU RAM512KB
on–chip SRAM, dedicated for sketch storage & 256MB DRAM, dedicated for sketch storage512MB SDRAM (shared with GPU) FLASH
Memory8MB NOR Flash (Legacy SPI), for FW boot loader & sketch storageNo permanent on–board Flash memory EEPROM11KBNo
GPUNoBroadcom Dual–core VideoCore IVВ® Multimedia co–processor External StorageMicro–SD Card (up to 32GB), & support for an external
USB2.0 drive (1 Host port & 1 Client port USB 2.0)SD–card, & support for an external USB 2.0 drive (two USB ports) Video SupportNoHDMI –
1080p RCA (analog), without audio DSI* – for touchscreens Audio SupportNoHDMI & 3.5mm stereo audio–out jack Status IndicationLED – Board
PowerLEDs for – board power, SD card access, LAN connected, LAN activity, 100Mbps connected PriceSlightly expensiveCheaper 3) Selected 4
different brands and provide a comparison according to the following features: FeaturesiPhone 6 Samsung Galaxy Note 3 Neo Duos BlackBerry
Passport HTC Desire 310 CPUDual–core 1.4 GHz Cyclone (ARM v8–based)Quad–core 1.6 GHz Cortex–A7Quad–core 2.26 GHz Krait 400Quad–core
1.3 GHz Cortex–A7 RAM1 GB2 GB3 GB512

Taking a Look at the Phantom A3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. Tecno INC 1.2. Phantom 2. Phantom A3 Specification 3. Hardware and Software 4. MediaTek1.5
GHzQuad core processor 4.1.Mediatek introduction 4.2.What does QAUD MEAN? 5. Processor architecture 5.1.HowCPU works 5.2.Single core
processor 6. Quad core processor 6.1. Dual core processor 6.2. Quad core Architecture 6.3. Quad core performance with multimedia 7. MT6589T Quad
core 1.5 GHZ ARM Cortex–A7 7.1.1. Big Little 7.1.2. CPU Migration 7.1.3.Heterogeneous Multi Processing 7.1.4. Scheduling 7.1.5. ARM Cortex A–7
7.1.6. ARM Architecture 8. References 1.INTRODUCTION The Phantom A3 is a touch screen smart phone.it has preinstalled blackberry messenger
(BBM) and it is developed by Tecno. It is a 3rd generation Phone which Succeeding the Phantom B and Phantom B+ and preceding Phantom
A2.Phantom A3 is an upgraded version of Phantom A2. It comes with a smoother body than that of its prototype and a larger 6.0вЂі Capacitive
Touchscreen. Dual Mini SIM Technology was introduced in it and accommodates a 1.5GHz quad–core processor, 16GB ROM, 1GB RAM which
permits it to run on Android OS 4.2 JellyBean efficiently. Phantom A3 comes with 13MP back camera with flash technology and 8MP front camera.
1.1. TECNO INC Tecno is a china based Electronic Companywith an R&D center in France. They introduced many electronic devices in international
market like as Mobile phones, Smart Phones, ipad etc.TECNO introduced his first dual

An Efficient Implementation Of Aes On Fpga
AN EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF AES ON FPGA
Author name:A.MONIGHA Author name:Mr.G.YUVARAJ
Dept. name of organization: Dept. name of organization:
M.E (VLSI ),dept of ECE Assistant professor,dept of ECE
Name of organization:VCEW Name of organiosation:VCEW
City, Country: Elayampalayam,India City,Country:Elayampalayam,India
monigha1priya@gmail.com engineer.yuvaraja@gmail.com Abstract– Speed and area reduction are one of the major issues in VLSI applications. An
implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is presented in this paper. The design uses looping method will reduce area and
increase the speed .By using encrypted round for speed and pipelining ,isomorphic mapping method for area.This algorithm achieves efficiency and
high throughput.
Keywords–––– Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) ,AaSP , fine grained,many core, synchronous dataflow
I.INTRODUCTION
Now–a–days security plays a vital role in eletronics world.The speed and area optimization is an important issue in today's electronics.The AES is a
cryptographic algorithm that is used to protect electronic data or information. AES algorithm is a symmetric key used in that can encrypt and decrypt

Essay On Ivb
precision. On IVB, the ratio of performance between SP to
DP is around 2, which is consistent with the SIMD width ratio of these two precisions. For KNC, the SIMD widths in
SP and DP are 16 and 8 respectively, but a performance gap of
3 to 4 times in SP and DP is observed, which is well beyond the ratio of SIMD width. This is because the performance of where clauses for WS
/DMMPs schemes on KNC is sensitive to the SIMD width as described in the section of SW26010 optimization. The wider the SIMD vectorization is
supported, the better performance efficiency can be obtained.
Unlike IVB and KNC, SW26010 has the same SIMD width of 4 in both SP and DP and no auto–vectorization is supported by the compiler on this
platform so far. Thus, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is observed that on IVB the averaged floating–point performance can reach to as high as 45% of the peak performance in both single and
doubleprecision.
Using KNC as a standalone many–core processor results in an averaged performance of 406.62 Gflops/s in single–precision, which is above 20% of the
theoretical peak.
But the averaged double–precision performance reduces dramatically to 111.63 Gflops/s, which is just over 10% of the peak performance. When
KNC is used as a coprocessor, which is a much more common case, the cost of data transfer between the main memory and the device memory should
be included.
And the results, shown as "KNC+offload" indicate that the performance drop due to the data transfer is substantial; only around 6% to 8% of the peak
performance is sustained in double and single–precision respectively. As a many–core processor, SW26010 does not need the data transfer between the
main memory and the device memory, and the performance is satisfactory as compared to the KNC in offload mode, especially in the single–precision
case.
VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we presented a software toolkit AutoWM for universal multi–/many–core accelerations of the WRF cloud microphysics schemes on
multiple parallel platforms. The basic idea of AutoWM is to modularize the conversion processes of WRF microphysics as building blocks and use the
platform–specific code segments to reconstruct well optimized microphysics codes. Being

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Playing Notebooks
Cheap laptops under 400 for gaming But marketing bone good gaming notebooks same under $500–stock programs is not gaming notebooks under
1000 bucks where producers greatest gaming notebooks under 1000 like Alienware best gaming notebooks msi gaming notebooks alienware that is
gt60 make their money. If this isn't a choice you'll discover therefore (support.hybr.org) some keyboards that may be collapsed but these also are
influenced a grizzly fate if they're exposed and closed on the continuous basis. Incorporate these elements together and you also acquire home theater
features and some serious gambling. Playing with your selected activities within the computer. That's the key reason why producers nowadays are
creating notebooks which may be designed your kitchen in the home, for business use, press use cell phone, organization. What is really wonderful
about all this however, will be the cooling systemis style' the ASUS G74 notebook might be created broadly round the concept of getting the capability
to cool–off all that effective equipment quickly, which means you will not be worried about finished reduction inside your lap. And today, for the
cheap player's preferred – this mouse. The procedure starts from your own position where it ended while web connection solves. This function allows
you know if you have fallen a notebook too much as well as your information may be in danger.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They provide an identical experience within their appearance having a regular Pc while using the only difference along having a Memory having an
enormous storage space getting the addition of video card. Obviously, these computers are attractive to mobile and rich gamers. Listed below are
given several simple tips that have worked for most Computer to repair Windows Vista

Components Of Multi Core Architecture
Multi–core architecture 1. Introduction: It 's a new trend in Computer Architecture in which, multiple processor cores are replicated in one single
integrated circuit die. These cores fit in single processor socket called Chip Multi–Processor (CMP), runs in parallel enhancing the overall speed of a
program in execution time. Each core has it 's own time–sliced threads executing CPU instructions just like in uniprocessor. 2. Multi–core Processors
and Operating Systems: Most major Operating Systems support multi–core processors. Operating System perceives each core as separate processor.
The operating system scheduler maps it 's threads and processes to different cores. 3. Advantages And Disadvantages: Shifting towards more
parallelism is a trend now in Computer Architecture. Many applications are being multi–threaded. For example, each opened tab in the browser runs in
different threads. Games are becoming increasingly multi–threaded. File compression programs are multi–threaded. Video encoders are multi–threaded
as well. Most image processing programs are multi–threaded. So, converting to multi–core processors was a must. It increases the speed, enhance the
performance and makes the clock frequency much higher. But, here we have to differentiate between two things. Using multi–core processors with
multi–threaded applications, and using it in single–threaded applications. Using multi–core processors with multi–threaded applications have

Multi Core Processing Essay
Nano computers have the potential to revolutionize the 21st century in the same way that the transistor led to the information age. Increased
investments in nanotechnology could lead to breakthroughs such as molecular computers. Billions of very small, fast, and cheap computers networked
together can fundamentally change the face of modern IT computing. This miniaturization has already spawned a whole series of consumer–based
computing products: computerized clothes, smart furniture, and access to the internet that is a thousand times faster than the late 20th century's
dial–up technology.
Solution Effects
By implementing multi–core processors, we can dramatically increase a computer's capabilities and computing resources, providing better
responsiveness, improving multithreaded throughput, and delivering the advantages of parallel computing to properly thread mainstream applications
(Ramanathan). When multi–core processing was just beginning there were already immediate benefits. One immediate benefit was that multi–core
processors improved an operating system's ability to multitask applications. For instance, say you have a virus scan running in the background while
you're working on your word–processing application (Ramanathan). Another major multi–core benefit comes from individual applications optimized
for multi–core processors (Ramanathan). These applications, when properly programmed, can split a task into multiple smaller tasks and run them in
separate threads

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Core Processor
What is core processor: The means of core processor it have more than one core that working in the same time to complete theoperation within time.
Definition of Intel Core I7 Processor : Core i7 processor use four core. It is fastest processor nowadays. Semiconductor manufacturing process
technology used is 45 nm (nanometer). Core i7 processor using Nehalem architecture which is developed from Core 2 architectural , but with a clear
difference in memories and input and output interfaces . i7 Core processor is designed to include four cores on a chip and one with a microcontroller
memories by and technical link point to point with the motherboard called QuickPath interconnect instead of a front–side–bus technology and
the–hyper–threading... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each core can complete up to four full instructions in same time. 3.6 Intel HD Boost ************** Includes the full SSE4 instruction set,
significantly improving a broad range of multimedia applications and compute intensive applications. the small 128–bit SSE instructions on the issue of
productivity at the rate of one per clock cycle. Processor Comparison Table: Щ…Ш§Ш§Ш§Ш§ЩЉШ®ШµЩ‡ 5. Advantages and Disadvantages 5.1
Advantages: Big cache size: The core i7 processor has 8 Mb last level caches shared among four cores. So this helps to increase Instruction execution
speed. Very fast: By using the combination of Intel Turbo Boost Technology and Intel Hyper
–Threading Technology processor speed is becomes faster.
It is very fast processor when you compared to other processor. 5.1 Disadvantages: Cost: It's expensive compared to previous processor. Its cost
about 1,400 AED. Power Consumption: The power consumption of core i7 processor is not better as compared with the core 2 duo processors. 9.
REFERENCES

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