Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components

Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components
Computer Components: Internal and External Computer Components: Processor: A computer
processer, otherwise known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a part of the computer that
receives input and decides that the output will be. Many modern CPUs are capable of processing
trillions of calculations per second. The speed of a processor measured by how many operations a
CPU can do in one second; this is done in MHz or GHz (Megahertz or Gigahertz). A processer with
the speed of 1 MHz does 1,000,000 operations per second, and a 1GHz processer does
1,000,000,000 operations per second. This is known as the clock speed. Input: An input is when a
computer receives data from external hardware such as a mouse, keyboard Output: An output is
when computer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Case: A case is where all the computer components are mounted; the case protects the components
from physical damage and also protects it from static electricity. Optical Drive: uses lasers to read or
write data to/from optical discs like CDs or
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Chapter 4 : Processor Technology And Architecture
Chapter 4: Processor Technology and Architecture 1) The central processing unit (CPU) performs
fetch operations i.e. it fetches the instructions and inputs from the registers or primary storage in
order to execute the instructions. 2) During the fetch cycle control unit fetches the instructions from
and separate the op code from the operands, stores the operands in registers, and increments a
pointer to the next instruction. 3) During the execution cycle, the control unit or the ALU executes
the instruction. The ALU executes the instruction for an arithmetic or a logical operation. The
control unit executes all other instruction types. 4) Word size is the number of bits a CPU can
process simultaneously. Within limits, CPU ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multiprocessing provides multiple CPUs for simultaneous execution of different processes or
programs. Chapter 5: Data Storage Technology 1) There are various varieties of storage devices that
has different functionality in the context of computational needs. These are mainly divided in to
primary and secondary storages. 2) The primary storage devices are generally volatile devices such
as Random Access memory (RAM), cache memory etc. which cannot hold data for long periods. 3)
The secondary storage devices are nonvolatile devices such as hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic
tapes etc. which can hold data for long periods. 4) The characteristics that define the storage devices
are speed, volatility, access method, portability, cost, and capacity. These characteristics vary
between different storage devices. 5) These characteristics leads to a memory hierarchy in which
primary storage stands in the position in the hierarchy with faster access speeds and higher costs per
bit of storage, and secondary storage tends to be in the lower portion of the hierarchy, with slower
access speeds and lower costs. 6) Magnetic storage devices store data by using magnetic charges. A
read/write head with magnetic field is used to read/write the magnetic storage medium. 7) The major
disadvantage with this magnetic storage is magnetic decay and magnetic leakage whereas the
magnetic charge may lose its charge over time and leakage tends to cancel the charge by different
data

The Development And Development Of The Graphical...
This paper is based on CUDA, a parallel computing platform model, which utilizes the resources of
the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), increasing the computing performance of our system, hence
creating a robust parallel computing unit. In this paper, we will be introducing a brief history on
CUDA, it's execution flow and it's architecture to handle processor intensive tasks. We will also be
highlighting some of it's real life applications and the difference in performance as compared of the
only CPU based architectures. Also, since most of the CUDA applications are written in C/C++, we
will also be exploring how CUDA provides the programmable interface in such languages as well.
Finally, we will be including the current research activities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
So, in 2007, NVIDIA released CUDA, which provided the parallel architecture, to support the usage
of the GPUs. It was designed to work with programming languages such as C/C++ or Fortran and
this really helped specialists in parallel programming to use CUDA, rather than to learn other
advanced skills in GPU programming[10] . The model for GPU computing is to use a CPU and
GPU together in a heterogeneous co–processing computing model[3]. The framework is designed
such that the sequential part of the application runs on the CPU and the computationally–intensive
part is accelerated by the GPU. From the user's point of view, the application is faster because it is
using the better performance of the GPU to improve its own performance. Figure1: Core
comparison between CPU and GPU 3. Architecture Since GPUs have large number of resources
with hundreds of cores and thousands of threads to be utilized and have very high number of
arithmetic and logical units. Hence it provides a huge parallel architectural framework to work with.
Here is a block diagram that generally describes CUDAs architecture. Figure 2: Block diagram
for CUDAArchitecture[4] Basic Units of CUDA Figure 2 showed the top level block diagram of the
overall architecture of CUDA. Now, exploring more on to the details, we will be discussing about
the basic units of CUDA. Figure 3 : CUDA supported GPU structure [11] The architecture

How I Build A Personal Computer
How to Build a Personal Computer
Building your own PC (personal computer) is a both informative and cost effective method when
you are in need of a computer. The process of selecting compatible parts is the most difficult part of
building your own computer, but luckily assembling everything is a very easy process that will be
outlined in the following pages.
Step 1: Preparing your workspace
The first step in the process of assembling your brand new PC is to select the best workplace
available to protect your shiny new parts. Static electricity is the biggest worry to have while
constructing a brand new computer and there are precautions to take whether you are on a solid
smooth surface, or more importantly, on carpet. First and foremost, the most important item to have
on hand is an anti–static wrist strap. The use of a wrist strap will help prevent ESD (electrostatic
discharge) that could possibly damage the components during assembly. Another important aspect is
to keep the area free of clutter and have a flat open space that will allow for easy movement around
the computer case. Take care when moving and unwrapping the parts to avoid possibly damaging
any pins or chipping the fragile edges of things such as the motherboard, memory, and video card.
Once everything has been removed from its protective wrapping, you can begin piecing everything
together.
Step 2: Installing the motherboard
The second step in building your computer will be to install the motherboard with

Nt1310 Unit 5 Components
Question 1
The five components found inside a system unit are as follows:
Hard drive
Definition– is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information.
Function– responsible for storing all documents and data, including files, the operating system and
more.
Central Processing Unit
Definition– piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program.
Function– performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/ output operations.
Power Supply
Definition– computers need power to function.
Function– is to convert the outlet voltage to voltages that are used by components in the computer.
Fan
Definition– a large fan is often placed on top of the Central Processing Unit.
Function– it avoids overheating. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some operating systems for desktop computers and mobile/ handheld devices include:
Desktop computers Mobile/ handheld devices
Microsoft Windows
Apple Mac OS X
Linux
Google Android
Windows Phone
Apple iOS
Question 3
Wired network uses cables to connect devices to the internet, however, wireless network uses radio
waves to devices to connect internet. The major differences between wired network and wireless
network are as follows:
The media and devices involved in setting up such networks:
Wireless setup Wired setup Question 4
A computer without a memory is of no use since memory plans an important role in saving and
retrieving data. There are two types of memory: Primary memory– is internal memory of the
computer. It provides main working space to the computer.

Random Access Memory (RAM) – the storage of data and instructions inside the primary storage is
temporary. It disappears from the RAM as soon as the power to the computer is

Computer Is A For Home Education Essay
The word computer brings to mind the machines we have at home, that we use every day in one way
or form. In reality the term computer is a large umbrella that covers a myriad of machines.
Microcomputers:
"The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal computer (PC), or a computer that
depends on a microprocessor. Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals, whether in
the form of PCs, workstations or notebook computers. A microcomputer contains a central
processing unit (CPU) on a microchip (the microprocessor), a memory system (typically read–only
memory and random access memory), a bus system and I/O ports, typically housed in a
motherboard." (Beal)
Personal
As personal computers have become more affordable and easier to obtain for the general public, the
microcomputer has been the hub for home education, entertainment, productivity and many other
uses. In addition to the usual microcomputers that sit at desk tops, microcomputing has become
more usable throughout the home with laptops, games consoles and computerised electronics such
as the smart TV. As computers continue to shrink, microcomputers are being used in increasingly
more mundane equipment, such as fridges, washing machines and more. Business
"Not long ago, mission–critical systems all ran on mainframe technology, massive computers
usually taking whole super cooled rooms. With the advent of the PC, local area networks (LAN) and
related technologies, many business applications moved

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mainframe Computers
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Section A 3 Mainframe's Principal 3 Mainframe's Classification 4
Enterprise Class 4 Business Class 4 Mainframe's Importance 5 Mainframe's Advantages and
Disadvantages 5 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 8 References 9 Introduction Mainframe
computers were first developed in the 1950s, and it is still evolving till the current century.
Mainframes in the 1960s are very huge in size and require an entire room for it to run correctly. The
mainframes in the 2000s however, are only as large as a refrigerator. Mainframes are capable of
handling thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe computers are able to process huge amount
of instructions, in fact, million instructions per second. Mainframes are very expensive and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mainframes are virtualization; it can run multiple operating system and application. A mainframe
can handle multi–user operations responding according to the user's request. Mainframes are
popular for it security and reliability, an ordinary virus hardly affect a mainframe. a non–authorized
user are unable to access the mainframe until the user is a granted permission to access. Mainframe's
Advantages and Disadvantages The advantages of mainframe The disadvantages of mainframe It
can support thousands of transaction per second Requires a special environment management room
to check after the heating, cooling, ventilating and also suitable power supply. Have the ability to
serve thousands of user and applications at a same time Dedicated staffs are needed to run the
system. Able to manage a huge number of data that is obtained The initial start–up cost for the
mainframe is high More reliable and secure that the client–server network Geographical distribution
built is not available Section B CPU Specifications, Features and General

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Multiprocessor Operating...
Multiprocessor Operating Systems
Multiprocessing is a mode of operation in which two or more processors in a computer
simultaneously process two or more different portions of the same program or set of instructions.
Multiprocessing refers to a computer system's ability to support more than one process or program
at the same time. Multiprocessing operating systems enable several programs to run parallel
(Hosch). It is typically carried out by two or more microprocessors, each of which is in a central
processing unit (CPU) on a single tiny chip. Supercomputers typically combine thousands of such
microprocessors to interpret and execute instructions. UNIX is one of the most broadly used
multiprocessing systems used today; others include OS/2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
If one processor fails, the failure may slow down the entire system. Another disadvantage would be
the initial cost. Although money is being saved in the long run, the initial price is an investment in
the beginning. Multiprocessors need to be specifically designed to work with operating systems and
programs, which could leave to chance that the software being used may only use a single processor,
regardless of how ever many there are in the system itself. Another common occurs with
multiprocessor server boards when processors are installed that are designed to use different
clocking speeds. "To expect multiprocessors to work properly together, they should have identical
speed ratings. Although it's possible that in some cases a faster processor can be clocked down to
work in the system, problems normally occurring between mismatched processors will cause
operational glitches beyond the tolerance of server networks. The safest approach with
multiprocessor server boards is to install processors that are guaranteed by their manufacturer to
work together. These will generally be matched according to their family, model, and stepping
version" (Marcraft International). Latency and overhead are also some drawbacks to having a
multiprocessing unit because of the time wasted and the time delay in achieving or initiating the
client's processing

How To Build My Own Computer
So, over the summer I built my main computer from scratch. I bought hardware such as a Ryzen
1700X CPU (Central Processing Unit), 16 GB (Gigabytes) of Crucial Ballistics 2666 MHz DDR4
RAM (Random Access Memory), a Gigabyte GA–Gaming 5 Motherboard, a 500 GB Samsung 850
EVO SSD (Solid State Drive), a 650 Watt PSU (Power Supply), an MSI GTX 1080ti GPU
(Graphics Processing Unit), a NZXT S340 Elite case, 2x NZXT RGB 120mm fans and a Hue +, and
a NZXT Kraken x42 AIO (All In One) Liquid cooler. First, I set the CPU in the AM4 Socket on the
MoBo (Motherboard) and installed the RAM into socket 1 and socket 3 (Running the RAM in dual
channel on a Ryzen system allows the computer to work much faster than running them in single
channel). Next, I installed the AIO cooler to the build and the PSU so that I could start a POST
(Power On Self Test) to see if any of my components are DOA (Dead On Arrival). ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first nothing happened and then I realized that I can't plug the monitor to the board because AMD
(The creators of the Ryzen chip that I installed into the board) CPUs don't have integrated graphics
built into to them. So I shut off the PC (Personal Computer) by flipping off the switch on the PSU
and plugged my GPU into one of the PCIE slots on the MoBo and shorted out the power button pins
again and finally the system booted up and I saw the POST

1.50 Hardware Infrastructure Paper
1.50 Hardware Infrastructure Report
CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a computer component that converts data input into
information output. It is a complicated and broad set of electronic circuits that performs compiled
instructions. All computers and laptops must have a central processing unit to operate as it acts as
the 'brain' of the device. There are numerous ways of referring to a CPU, such as processor,
microprocessor or central processor. Compared to some older models, the more recent models are
small, square and have connectors underneath it. The CPU is attached to the slot or socket of the
motherboard. It is usually secured and held down by a small lever.
Main Functions of a CPU
The main purpose of a CPU is to decode any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within a program exists millions of instructions, which are each stored at a specific address. These
instruction addresses are recorded by the program counter. The program counter is a system within
the CPU that takes note of the position of the CPU when a program is running, which are the
instruction addresses. Addresses are transferred through the address bus to be used from the memory
while instructions go through the data bus to reach the instruction register.
Decode The CPU has an "assembler" that is able to translate Assembly Language into binary code.
From this, instructions can be read and executed. Assembly Language is a language that only the
CPU can understand but different CPUs may have different versions of Assembly Languages.
Despite what code a program is written in, the code will be broken down to the CPUs Assembly
Language to carry out this process.
Execute
The CPU is able to carry out three different steps corresponding to the instructions. The first
possible step is to use its Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which is able to process and calculate
mathematical operations. The second possible step is to transport data from a location to another.
The last possible step is to jump to the addresses of other instructions depending on the CPU's

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer
ASSIGNMENTS
2) What are the advantages of computer system?
make better buying decisions
fix ordinary computer problems
upgrade equipment
guard again online dangers
for internal effectively
computer knowledge can advance your career
3) discuss the different categories of computer?
There are 5 types of computer
Supercomputer
Mainframes
Workstations
Microcomputers
Microcontroller
Supercomputer
Supercomputer is very expensive its price is one million over to 1 billion its has high capacity and
thousands of processors it is used weather forecasting designing aircrafts and scientific projects etc
Japan has supercomputers
Mainframes
Mainframes price is 5000 to 5 million it is air–cooled and water cooled it is mostly used in ... Show
There three types of buses
Data bus
Control bus
Address bus Data bus data move between interconnect part. Data bus name tell that it is used to
move data within CPU components. The data bus carries data from computer store memory. it use
for read and write data. When write process then processor put data in the data bus. If need read data
then memory control put data in the data bus from store memory.
Control bus transfer control signal between interconnect part
Address bus send address memory to another through address bus.
9) What do you understand by serial and parallel ports? Explain with the help of example.
Serial ports are connecting motherboard to the external devices. Like mouse, keyboard, game
joystick, usb and modems. Computer has 2 or 4 serial ports. Serial ports use for transfer information

in or out. Serial port use one bit transmits at a time. Serial ports use wire to sent data outside or one
by one. Serial connector has 9 to 25 pins.
Parallel ports parallel ports use sending data several bit at a time. And several wires use. Parallel
ports in personal pc use 8 bit from 8 wires. Printers are type of parallel. Easy to program and faster
than serial ports. Parallel ports also built in motherboard like serial

Hardware And Software Basics Plug
Hardware and Software Basics Plug–In B3
There are two basic categories of information technology which are hardware and software.
Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer which is sometimes called the equipment of
the computer which consists of the keyboard, disk drives, microprocessor, the monitor, the mouse,
the processing unit, and many other physical parts. Most of a computer 's hardware cannot be seen,
it is not an external element of the computer, but an internal one surrounded by the computer 's
casing (Harvey 2015). Software is commonly known as programs which consist of all the electronic
instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a specific task. Software is written in a computer
language by programmers. The computer language is in a text format and can be read by people
although if you do not understand the structure and rules of the language you may not understand it
very well. The two main types of software are system software and application software (Beal
2015). Hardware and software are both needed for a computer to work. Computers can be confusing
if people do not know what they are doing. There are some people that do not like technology, so
they do not try to understand it. There are also people that reject modern advances and they are
called luddites. The luddites were a political movement during the industrial revolution who
destroyed the new mechanical looms in the textile factories. A computer 's hardware is comprised of
many

Nt1310 Central Processing Unit Analysis
1. CPU – A central processing unit that can provide a high quality gaming system is called the Intel
Core i7–6700K 8M Skylake. This processing unit has a clock speed of approximately 4.0 GHz
while the maximum turbo speed comes out to be 4.2 GHz. The model number of this central
processing unit is BX80662I76700K. The Intel Core i7–6700K 8M Skylake is a quad–core
processor composed by about 8 threads when also containing a memory size of about 64 Gigabytes.
This type of central processing unit contains a cache memory of about 8 MB while the pricing for
this type of processors are approximately $339.99. The memory varieties that are sustained by this
type of central processing unit are identified as DDR4–1866/2133, DDR3L–1333/1600 @ 1.35 V.
The Intel Core i7–6700K 8M Skylake are produced in Santa Clara, California. Some features
provided by this processor are Intel Clear Video Technology, Intel Clear Video HD Technology,
InTRU 3D Technology, Intel Quick Sync Video, Intel Wireless ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hard Drive–A good hard drive that I'll use for my high–end gaming system would probably be
known as the HGST Travelstar. The model number of this hard drive is H2IK10003272SN
(0S03563). The maximum capacity of the HGST Travelstar is 1 Terabyte while the maximum cache
capacity is 32 MB. This hard drive can store HD quality videos, music, movies, in addition to
documents. The HGST Travelstar supports SATA III Interface that can run at speeds of
approximately 6 GB/s. The price range for this hard drive is about $64.99. This type of hard drive is
made in San Jose, California and it's one of the best types of hard drives that can be used for a high
amount of storage. Some of the systems that support this type of hard drive are known as Apple
MacOS X 10.3 or later, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows XP, in addition to Microsoft
Windows 7. The spindle speed for this type of hard drive is 7200RPM making it more efficient in
addition to making it quicker for accessing

Unit Wp2: Word Processing Software
Unit WP2: Word processing software Assessment Scenario You work for the Marketing department
of The Fruit and Veggie People Ltd, a company that sells organic, ethically sourced fruit and
vegetable boxes. You are responsible for overseeing production of a newsletter that will be mailed to
existing customers. You have been given an initial draft of the newsletter to edit and prepare for
printing and mailing. The newsletter will be sent to customers on the first of the month, along with a
cover letter. You have been asked to edit and prepare the newsletter, taking it from 1st draft to final
draft ready for distribution. You must also make changes to the cover letter that will be sent out with
the newsletter, and create a form ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before you start working on this part of your assessment, carry out some planning by answering the
following questions. 1. What kind of Word document should you create for this task? ".doc" –
Microsoft Word Document file You are correct when you say you should create a Word document,
Rytis, but you had to state what specific type of document you have been asked to create. However,
although you haven't done this in your answer to this question, the type of document is implied in
your answer to Question 2 below, in which you have stated that you would use a newsletter
template, so I will not ask you to repeat "newsletter" here. 2. Can you suggest a suitable template to
use and say what style / structure would be most appropriate for this document? Template of
newsletter of business involved with products – fruits, and vegetables, so it should be colourfull. So
most sutable would be : Newsletter template, I think also would be suitable Flyer template. For style
and structure I would use preferences which are bigger, maybe with bold/strong – style letters. To be
more flashy with newsletter , for attention attraction. 04/11/13 – You have stated that you could use
the template called Newsletter, and have used this when creating your newsletter for this
assignment. Good. You've explained that the fonts which are bold and strong, and which would
attract attention, but could you mention what

Information Systems Designed For Business
When we look at information systems designed for business, we tend to recognize that it involves
integrated and co–ordinate network of components, which combine together to convert data into
information. In a recent book entitled a brief look into history–author sage, explains that Information
system is essentially made up of five components hardware, software, database, network and people.
These five components integrate to perform input, process, output, feedback and control. (Sage,
1968). The structure of information is composed of input, output, constraints, purpose, Boundaries.
To explain these functions we will look at a business. A call center will be an example so we will be
able to understand and recognize functions
The first function is Input, According to author Bagad, input purpose is to allow the user to enter
data, and other features include mouse and keyboard are used to insert direct information to open up
certain files or information. The choice of the input depends on the amount of data entry. The
software programs that is available to the agents so they could navigate information for user's
customers who have accounts or future customers. If there is an input system it is often follow by
output .The purpose of the output is to display the results of computer processing. A computer–
based information system often requires a number of output devices as a monitor, printer and sound
card.
When a call center representative enters suggested data or certain

Nt1110 Computer Memory
Central processing unit (CPU) the CPU is the brain of the computer. The CPU is the most important
part of the computer, this is where most of the processes take place.
Size: CPUs are typically around 4–9 square inches
Speed: The speed of CPUs are called clock rates and they are measured in Hertz. Cost: CPUS come
in different prices based on their power. They could be as cheap as $10 or as expensive as $400
Capacity: The capacity varies but most CPUs are 32–bit operated or 64–bit operated
Cache Memory– Cache memory which is also called CPU memory, is a memory which can be
accessed faster than many other types of memories. It is a high speed storage, it can be in either the
main memory or it can be placed in an independent storage. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
You can say it is one form of a storage, and you can read and write in approx. the same amount of
time. Size: The average for a ROM is 11 inches square but due to innovation the sizes vary
Cost: RAM is usually around $6/GB so the prices are from $5 to $300
Speed: The speed of RAM is measured in Hertz and can vary from 66 MHZ to 1066 MHZ
Capacity: Capacity of RAMs come in increments such as "1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32" but they're generally
anywhere around 512 mb to 8 GB
Motherboard – Motherboard you can describe as a printed circuit board (PCB) which is found in
computers and other systems. It holds many of the important components required in a computer,
such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory. It is like the road that connects the
components.
Size: 10.92 square inches to 134 square inches
Cost: From $50 to $400
Speed: The "bus" speed is measured in Hertz and is usually from 66 MHz to 80 MHz
Hard disk Drive It is a magnetic disk on which you are allowed to store computer data.
Size: 6.75 cube inches to 15 cube inches
Cost: From $50 to $850
Speed: The data transfer rate is measured in bytes per second. The universal average data transfer
rate is 3

Nt1310 Unit 3 Cpus
5. CPU Central Processing Unit socket
a) What do CPU's do? The CPU is the Central Processing Unit; its aim is to be there the act as the
brain of the computer. Other common name for the CPU is the processor. It is in control of the
power the computer is receiving and using and the calculations that enable to the computer to be
used. CPUs come in differing form factors and each has a particular way in which it will fit on to the
motherboard. The most common manufactures of this part that people will know are Intel and AMD.
The CPU is in charge of allowing programmes to be used. The CPU sorts the commands of a
program into an order which enables it to be used.
b) How they are powered and connected. The connector between the CPU and the motherboard

Ict Note
4/7/2012 Learning Objectives Chapter FOUR S y s t e m U n i t Reference: Shelly Cashman,
Discovering Computers 2011, Living In Digital World, International Thompson Publishing, Identify
and describes components of system unit. Describes the function of ALU and control unit. Describes
the machine cycle. Describes types of RAM, Ports, Connectors of computer system. The System
Unit The System Unit What is System Unit? Processor chips The hardware unit that houses a
computer's processor, memory chips, ports, and add–in boards Microprocessor– the smallest type of
processor, with all of the processing capabilities of the Control Unit and ALU located on a single
chip Processor chips Memory chips Ports ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MEMORY 4 4/7/2012 Data Representation 1 0 1 0 Data Representation Analog Signal 1 1 1
Digital Signal 0 0 0 Analog – Human speech; it consists of continuous signals that vary in strength
and quality. Digital – an electronic signals powered by electricity which only appear in two discrete
states: ON(1) or OFF(0) Data Representation IICSA CSA IIIICSA Data Representation CIIDCBE C
DCBE CIDCBE 11110000 11110001 11110010 11110011 11110100 11110110 11000001 11000010
11000011 11000100 11000101 01011010 01111111 01111011 00110000 00110001 00110010
00110011 00110100 00110101 01000001 01000010 Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange
Code (EBCDIC) – used widely on mainframe computers. 01000011 01000100 01000101 00100001
00100010 00100011 The Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) Volatile Memory – TWO When
computer power of types is turned off, volatile memory memory losses its content VOLATILE
(RAM) Files remain in RAM when the computer is running. Most RAM is volatile. Loses its
contents when the power is off. Non Volatile Memory – NON It doesn't lose its content VOLATILE
when power (ROM) is removed from the computer. LOBMYS LOBMYS LOBMYS 0 1 2 3 4 5 A B
C D E ! " # American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) – the most widely used
coding system to represent data. Most personal computers and mid–range servers use ASCII coding
scheme. 5 4/7/2012 RAM (Random

Taking a Look at the Phantom A3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. Tecno INC 1.2. Phantom 2. Phantom A3 Specification
3. Hardware and Software 4. MediaTek1.5 GHzQuad core processor 4.1.Mediatek introduction
4.2.What does QAUD MEAN? 5. Processor architecture 5.1.HowCPU works 5.2.Single core
processor 6. Quad core processor 6.1. Dual core processor 6.2. Quad core Architecture 6.3. Quad
core performance with multimedia 7. MT6589T Quad core 1.5 GHZ ARM Cortex–A7 7.1.1. Big
Little 7.1.2. CPU Migration 7.1.3.Heterogeneous Multi Processing 7.1.4. Scheduling 7.1.5. ARM
Cortex A–7 7.1.6. ARM Architecture 8. References 1.INTRODUCTION The Phantom A3 is a touch
screen smart phone.it has preinstalled blackberry messenger (BBM) and it is developed by Tecno. It
is a 3rd generation Phone which Succeeding the Phantom B and Phantom B+ and preceding
Phantom A2.Phantom A3 is an upgraded version of Phantom A2. It comes with a smoother body
than that of its prototype and a larger 6.0″ Capacitive Touchscreen. Dual Mini SIM Technology was
introduced in it and accommodates a 1.5GHz quad–core processor, 16GB ROM, 1GB RAM which
permits it to run on Android OS 4.2 JellyBean efficiently. Phantom A3 comes with 13MP back
camera with flash technology and 8MP front camera. 1.1. TECNO INC Tecno is a china based
Electronic Companywith an R&D center in France. They introduced many electronic devices in
international market like as Mobile phones, Smart Phones, ipad etc.TECNO introduced his first dual

Fermi Architecture Essay
NVIDIA's Fermi Architecture
Andreea Meirosu, 341C5
Keywords: Fermi, NVIDIA, performance
Summary:
1. Who is NVIDA?
2. What is NVIDIA Fermi Architecture?
3. What innovation brings Fermi?
4. Short description of features
5. Overview of Fermi Architecture
6. Benchmarks regarding performance and comparison with other ar–chitectures
1 Who is NVIDA?
No matter if we are talking about games, image processing, fast computations or virtual reality, we
all know something about NVIDIA. In a few words, Nvidia de–signs graphics processing units
(GPUs), as well as system on a chip units (SOCs) for the mobile computing market. In addition to
GPU manufacturing, Nvidia pro–vides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists
that allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the expert's opinion, The architecture NVIDIA designed seems to be the first
architecture of any kind to deliver all of the features required in order to satis–fy all demanding HPC
applications: unmatched double–precision floating point per–formance, IEEE 754–2008 compliance
including fused multiply–add operations, ECC protection from the registers to DRAM, a
straightforward linear addressing model with caching at all levels, and support for languages
including C, C++, FORTRAN, Java, Matlab, and Python.
The most important features of Fermi architecture are listed in the table below, as the next 3 goals
established by NVIDIA for the future:
Table 1. Top 10 Innovations in Fermi Top 3 Next Challenges
1 Real Floating Point in Quality and Performance The Relatively Small Size of GPU Memory
2 Error Correcting Codes on Main Memory and Caches Inability to do I/O directly to GPU Memory
3 64‐bit Virtual Address Space No Glueless Multisocket Hardware and Software
4 Caches

5 Fast Context Switching
6 Unified Address

Essay On Processing Elements
A processing element (PE) is an abstraction that is most useful in the standard to illustrate some
concepts and is essentially a virtual scalar processor. A compute unit (CU) is composed of one or
more processing elements and local memory. A device is a collection of compute units. A multi core
CPU or multiple CPUs in a multi socket machine constitute a single device. The separate cores are
compute units. A command queue is attached to a single device and submits work to it. They are
created within the scope of a context, while different queues may be attached to the same device.
Applications queue kernel execution instances with queuing happening in order and execution
happening in or out of order. A kernel is a function declared in a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For a task execution, the work item IDs are organized in up to three dimensions which define the N
dimensional computation domain (1, 2 or 3) which dictates the total number of work items that
execute in parallel. A work group is a collection of related work items that is scheduled on a single
compute unit. The work items in the group execute the same kernel, share local memory, work
group barriers and memory fences efficiently. Work group instances are executed in parallel across
multiple compute units or concurrently on the same compute unit. The dimensions determine how
kernels operate upon input in parallel. The application usually specifies the dimensions based on the
size of the input. OpenCL executes kernel functions on the device. The host coordinates the
execution and provides arguments/execution parameters to launch the kernel. The argument list is
identical for all invocations. When launching a kernel for execution, the host code defines the grid
dimensions or the global work size, the number of iterations to perform. The host code can also
define the partitioning to work groups or leave it to the implementation. During the execution, the
implementation runs a single work item for each point on the grid. It also groups the execution on
compute units according to the work group size. The local work group size is how many work items
are in a work group, while global work size is the

Elements Of Field Programmable Gate Arrays
CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION For the past decades, scientific computation has been a popular
research tool among scientists and engineers from numerous areas, including climate modelling,
computational chemistry, and bioinformatics .With the maturing of application algorithms,
developing high performance computing platforms that satisfy the increasing computational
demands, search spaces, and data volume have become a huge challenge. As predicted by Moore's
law .faster and faster computers are built to provide more processing power every year. Apparently,
speeding–up the computation serially alone is no longer enough. In 1967 Amdahl presented a model
to estimate the theoretical maximum improvement when multiple processing units were ... Show
Various representation systems were introduced to represent signed integer numbers, including
signed magnitude, biased, and complement systems .Both the signed and unsigned integer
representations can be extended to encode fractional data by employing an implicit or explicit radix
point that denotes the scaling factor. These integer–based real number representations are generally
called fixed–point systems, where the term "fixed–point" implies that the scaling factor is constant
during the computation without externally reconfigured. As a result, the precision (least represent
able value of the unit in the last place, for a fixed–point number system cannot be improved without
sacrificing its represent able value range. Floating–point representation on the other hand provides
not only the ability for wide dynamic range support, but also high precision for small values. A
typical floating–point number is represented in four components, and its value can be calculated
with the equation. x = ± s × be, where s is the significant and e is the biased exponent (with implicit
bias). The standard precision of

Advantages Of Gaming Laptops
A gaming laptop is a bit different compared to a normal laptop in that these laptops deliver a higher
performance in order to play games that have high specifications such as 3D Graphics. A gaming
laptop usually will have better CPU (Central Processing Unit), Memory and GPU (Graphics
Processing Unit). These laptops are likely to cost more than your standard laptop. There are many
people who are PC gamers that are looking for that ideal gaming laptop to play their high end
games. Some people who are PC gamers just want to find a laptop that is within the budget and can
play specific games. Power and Performance in Laptops under 500 Dollars Buying laptops under
500 dollars used to pose quite a great dilemma sometimes ago. Nowadays, some machines are
around the same price right out of the box. With such fantastic savings on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these models also use the AMD processors to allow for great performance with a less
expensive price tag. Toshiba and Compaq computers have also thrown their hat into the ring of
inexpensive, yet powerful machines. One of the best laptops under 500 dollars comes from Lenovo,
and utilizes the HD4200 graphics card by ATI with a dual–core AMD processor. Foregoing the Intel
brand processor and utilizing alternatives, such as the AMD dual–core, presents the best laptops
under 500 dollars that still perform at peak levels. By saving money on the processing unit,
manufacturers are able to ramp up RAM availability as well as use exceptional graphic card
technology. For the best deal on laptops under 500 dollars, be sure to check hardware specifications.
Any notebook with a dual–core processor, a high–definition graphics card, and a minimum of 2 GB
of RAM should provide all the power needed for optimum performance without draining the bank
account in the process. Some of the Best Gaming Laptop under 500 with Good

Cloud Computing Architecture : Technology Architecture
Cloud computing architecture is the design of cloud computing. It consists of components needed
for cloud computing to function properly. Front end contain applications/platforms that users can
use to access back end components. Back end contains the "cloud" part of the architecture such as
the cloud storage and networking. The reason why it's significant in the technological world is
because it allows users to store data into an online platform. In doing so, this eliminates the need to
continously backup and re–download data from one computer to another computer. As technology
continue to rapidly evolve, the need for cloud computing becomes evident. It allows users to stay
connected with their data from any computer that they use. In the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The back end platforms and infrastructures are the most important components in the cloud
computing architecture due to the fact that it stores the data obtained by the front end applications
into the storage servers. An example of a back end platform is the database. A database consists of
data that is organized in a certain way depending on how it is organized. SQL is a programming
language for storing data inside a table. The type of database also determines how that data will be
accessed. To access the database in SQL, the developer has to create a code to display only the data
that belongs to the user and the data that the user is calling for.
The back end infrastructure contains both hardware and software that is necessary for cloud
computing to function properly and effectively. One component of infrastructure is the storage
servers. The storage servers are owned by the cloud service providers and those servers process their
customer's data.
Figure 2: A picture of multiple servers[6] As shown in figure 2, since big companies like google
have a lot of users who uses Google Drives, they need tons of servers to keep up with demand.
Cloud computing architecture can be very complex. Many companies are trying their best to
improve their architecture by adding different kinds of hardware and software in order to improve
their cloud performance and security. The next section will have more information about the

Taking a Closer Look at a CPU
Although many people are computer nerds; many people do not know what a CPU is; or what it
does. A computer has many parts that make up the hardware, and the software; enabling it to
function correctly. One of the main components that a computer needs to work is a Central
Processing Unit also known as the microprocessor. The central processing unit includes all the
computers main parts, and is the basic part of the computer. The CPU is responsible for executing
out tasks, and running the software. The software runs on programs that are translated into number
codes made up of 1s and 0s that the central processing unit can understand. Each code that is
executed means a certain operation should take place. A CPU serves for four functions; Fetch,
Decode, Execute, and write back these functions are the four primary ones. Other functions that
follow are the Arithmetic and logic unit, as well as the Memory access.
In the first step of dealing with a CPU the fetch function is up first. The fetch function involves
retrieving information that it needs to run from the program memory, and basically giving it
instructions which is put in by a number of a whole line of them from the memory. Wherever the
memory may be is determined by the (PC) which is also known as the program counter. The PC
stores a number that can keep track of the current place in the program. When the instruction is
fetched the Program Counter is then inputted by the length of the instruction in word terms of the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Multi Core Processor
Generally the CPU has fetch, decode, and execute operation. Most of today's multi–core processors
feature shared caches. In shared caches the caches are splitted into blocks and are used randomly by
each core in a multi–core processor. Because of this there is severe delay experienced by each core
and the processing speed is also reduced. This happens due to more time taken for read operation of
memory and CPU. The problem faced by such architectures is cache contention. So far the time
required for fetching is more when compared to the execution process. The fetching time must be
reduced. Hence to address this problem, we have implemented a program that allows the usage of
cache memory for each core of a processor at same time. In our concept, we execute all jobs of each
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ADVANTAGES OF MULTI–CORE PROCESSOR The maximum energy in the processing will be
visualized in developing the time while simulating the CPU processes like scanning of anti–virus,
writing, reading, and burning the data. Thinking that the die is set into the package in a physical
manner, then the multiple core processor implementations will need very little space for PCB than
the multiple chip SMP implementation. Also, a two core processor utilizes very little amount of
power than the two strongly bonded single core processor, due to the reduced power needed to
transmit the signals outer material to the chip. XIII. EQUATIONS If we consider that the fetching
and execution process are on various blocks of cache then the quantity of the process being
simulated is 1/n. also if it is said that they are developed on the similar block of cache memory being
executed is k/n, where k is the quantity of fetch and execute process being performed. P is said to be
the full quantity of cores. N is the full quantity of blocks of cache. The CPU writing time is shown
below. CPU write time estimation CPU write time= [CPU pulse period + Memory cycles with L1] *
pulse period

The Need for an Embedded Processor
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. CURRENT SCENARIO
In current scenario, various sensors of plant is connected to the PLC for the data communication and
PLC is program such that it give controlling output according to the threshold value of sensors. In
this if the value of sensor is below or above the sensor value then it gives the respective output. This
output is nothing but the controlling output from the PLC which gives signal to controlling device
like value or alarm etc. Also SCADA provide the Graphical user interface to the PLC unit so that
any programmer can see the process graphically with the help of SCADA. In Plant SCADA and
PLC are connected to each other which make a whole system for Data communication and its
controlling. There are various types of PLC are available in the market. The selection of the PLC
can be done as per the requirement of number of input and output associated with the plant.
Figure 1.1 Present Scenario of industries
1.2. OBJECTIVE
The industrial plant have many type of analog data like temperature sensor, level sensor, flow meter,
pressure sensors etc. So in plant this type of data should be analysed and then processed to achieve
some specific action regarding it. The data can be processed with the embedded processor. The
embedded processor must be programmed such that the data can process and give the require output.
This system is a data logger for the plant

Nt1310 Unit 3 Research Paper
Level 3 or L3 cache is dedicated memory that works hand–in–hand with L1 and L2 cache to
increase computer performance. L1, L2 and L3 cache are computer processing unit CPU caches,
verses other kinds of caches in the system such as hard disk cache. CPU cache accommodates the
needs of the microprocessor by anticipating data requirements so that processing instructions are
delivered without interruption. CPU cache is quicker than random access memory (RAM), and is
intended to stop bottlenecks in performance.
When a request is made of the system the CPU wants instructions for executing that request. The
CPU works faster than system RAM, to cut down on interruptions, L1 cache has bits of data that it
anticipates will be needed. L1 cache is very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symmetric multiprocessing treats all processors similarly. I/O can be processed on any processor.
The processors interconnect with each other as needed. It allows many processes to be run at once
without corrupting performance. Symmetric multiprocessing treats all processors similarly. I/O can
be processed on any processor. The processors interconnect with each other as needed. It allows
many processes to be run at once without corrupting performance. Three advantages of
multiprocessing are: Increased throughput – with more processors, more work can be accomplished
in less time; Economy of scale – peripheral devices may be shared amongst multi–processor
systems; increased reliability – if one processor crashes, then the others may continue to operate.
One disadvantage of a multi–processing system is the added difficulty in operating system and
possibly application software. Another limitation of SMP is that as microprocessors are added, the
shared bus get overloaded and becomes a performance bottleneck. Symmetric Multiprocessor
Master–slave multiprocessor is not reliable as if the master processor fails the whole system goes
down.
The master–slave configuration offers an excellent defense of the system and its data, since slave
processors may only access data and system resources

Why Are Computers Important Today? World?
Why are computers important in today's world?
Computers have become important in today's world because they are used in most fields of work,
even the unexpected lines of work use computers for example; Doctors rely on computers to store
data for medical research and even keeping information about patients. Nowadays, we rely so much
on computers to help us to accomplish tasks easily, communicate, educate and there are many more
uses.
Identify the main parts of a computer
System Unit
The system unit is where everything is stored to be able to work. The system unit holds the CPU
(central processing unit) to act as the brain of the computer. The unit contains the power supply and
the motherboard, which is the brain and blood of the computer. All the other parts of the computer
join at the unit to allow the computer to work, which are: the monitor, mouse, keyboard and the
speakers (if required).
Monitor
The monitor is the visual part of the computer. It is used to display information from the computer
onto a screen to allow the user to see what they are doing. The monitor does require electricity in
order for it to work, which means that it has its own power cord, which is needed to be plugged into
an outlet.
Mouse
The mouse is used to help navigate around the computer. Some mouse's are wired and some are
wireless. There are two buttons on a mouse that are left click and right click.
Keyboard
The keyboard is used for entering data (letters, numbers and symbols) and

Electronic Computers And Their Components
Electronic computers and their components are very complicated pieces of hardware and would be
impossible to completely explain every single intricacy in one essay. Although complicated they can
be explained but only one piece of hardware at a time so the best option to start would be explaining
the unit that has its hand in everything in a computer and that is known as the "Central Processing
Unit" also known as "CPU." In a modern computer are 6 main components that are required for a
computer to work. These components are the Motherboard, Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or
Solid State Drive (SSD), and the Power Supply Unit (PSU). The motherboard acts as a highway for
every component to interact with each other. The CPU processes data and determines what to do
with it. Everything done on a computer will have to travel through the CPU at some point as the
CPU acts as traffic control on the highway. The GPU is in charge of processing everything visual or
different mathematical assets such as Floating Point Operations and many more. Everything you see
on the screen was processed by the GPU. RAM is temporary memory to be used by the CPU when
the computer is powered on. Open programs any other software store its memory in the RAM while
they are being used. RAM is used because it is much faster than using an HDD or SSD. In some
cases when the CPU and GPU are combined on the same silicon die they

Desktop Hardware And The Computer
Desktop Hardware Would you know how to fix your computer if it crashed and started to
malfunction? What if some parts were not working? Knowing desktop hardware if you own a
computer is important. Say if one part of your computer is malfunctioning and you knew which part,
you could easily replace that part if it is able to be replaced. The parts of the computer could save
you money and time for yourself instead of purchasing a brand new computer.
Floppy disks store a small amount of information, less than a CD or DVD. One important detail
about them is that they are portable, meaning they are able to remove. Floppy disks are easily
damaged while they are also inexpensive and tend to have a more tendency to lag. Some computers
still include a floppy disk but they are not as popular as they once were around the mid– 1970's.
(IBM) The sizes are varied from as small as two inches to around 8 inches in size. Floppy disks
were first developed in the early 1960's but were not available to the public until the 1970's. Early
computers did not have a CD–ROM drives and floppy disks were the only current way to install a
new problem. They have lost their popularity today because of the new technology that is improving
in our world. Floppies are usually used today to give an emergency boosts in old computers that
may tend to lag. Apple has created their own floppy disk with their personal computer, Apple Lisa
naming the floppy drive "Twiggy." Central processing unit (CPU) or

Nt1310 Unit 3 Control Unit Analysis
Task 1
The Control Unit
There are two types of control unit which are hardwired and micro program where hardwired are for
fixed architecture and are typically RISC and cost more than micro program because of the time
required to design the circuits , but they are faster. Micro program control units are slower than
hardwired but are easier and cheaper to implement as the instructions are stored in special control
memory. The control unit controls all data going in, out and inside the CPU. The control unit
decodes the data from ram and turns it into an instruction depending on what instruction set the
control unit is programed or hardwired to have. Then if the instruction involves any logic or
mathamatical caluculations it gets sent to the alu ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the instruction from the device has completed the CPU will pick back up where it left off by
loading the instructions back from the stack. When an interrupt is send the device must send some
code which tells the cpu how to handle its needs this is called an interrrupt hander. Every device
which is cababable of sending a interrupt needs to have its own uniqe interrupt hander which is
loaded into ram during

Electronic Voting Machine Using 8051 Microcontroller
GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
By: G.CHAKRADHAR REDDY (07241A0263) R S R GAUTAM (07241A0268) P. KIRAN
KUMAR REDDY (07241A0274) B. NAGA TULASI RAM (07241A0280)
1
List of Contents
Abstract 1. Background 2. Microcontroller 2.1 Introduction 2.2 History 2.3 Definition of a
Microcontroller 2.4 Microcontrollers vs Microprocessors 2.5 Memory Unit 2.6 Central Processing
Unit 2.7 Bus 2.8 Input Output Unit 2.9 Serial Communication 2.10 Timer Unit 2.11 Watch Dog 2.12
Analog to Digital Converter 3. Introduction to 16X2 LCD Display 3.1 Pin description 3.2 DDRAM
– Display Data RAM 3.3 BF – ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What forms the basis of such vast and complex system of governance? One needs not to be an
Einstein to guess the answer. It is fundamental right to vote or simply voting in elections. Indian
constitution provide every adult above the age of 18 years irrespective of his/her religion, region,
caste, creed, color, economic status, education and sex the essential right to vote and elect her/his
candidate to represent her/him. Hence voting can be termed as backbone of not just democracy in
India but all around the world. Voting can be done in various ways. In early Roman Empire voting
used to be done by raising hands in favor or against. In board rooms voting is done in similar way,
some write their vote down, some choose to speak, some choose to cast vote using latest technology.
Voting Techniques In India all earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections a voter used to
cast his/her vote to his/her favorite candidate by putting the stamp against his/her name and then
folding the ballot paper as per a prescribed method before putting it in the Ballot box. This is a long,
time–consuming process and very much prone to errors. This method wanted voters to be skilled
voters to know how to put a stamp, and methodical folding of ballot paper. Millions of paper would
be printed and heavy ballot boxes would be loaded and unloaded to and from ballot office to polling
station. All this continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting

Nt1310 Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit
The CPU or Central Processing Unit, is essentially the brain of any computer since the CPU was
refined to the microprocessor we see today. It works together with every other part of a computer,
who themselves cannot work individually. Although The CPU may look much like an expensive
computer chip at first glance, it is an intricately designed piece of hardware with cache memory of
varying sizes, and cores of varying speeds. This is where calculations from simple arithmetic to
global simulations take place. In conclusion, with how far CPUs have come from their humble
origins, to the never ending stream of tasks of today, this is a vital component that shouldn't be
overlooked or underestimated.
Moore's law states that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The evolution of the processor has come all the way from the Intel 4004 to the processors of today
and one would expect Moore's law to continue to allow exponentially more powerful processors
from here on out. Moore's law will continue, but in a way of overall speed instead of transistors.
Modern processors being so fast they produce too much heat to effectively cool, leading to CPU
developers needing to design new cooling systems or a new way of making transistors entirely.
Another hurdle for CPU developers is that as the transistors become smaller and smaller, quantum
tunneling takes place, and a semiconductor becomes just a conductor, allowing power all of the
time. A possible solution being quantum computing.Quantum computing involves the bits used in
storing data being individual atoms. It's theorized that such computing techniques could be used to
simulate complex chemical processes and increase the accuracy of atomic clocks. We've seen where
CPUs have come from, we've seen where they are, now we have the chance to see where they will
go, and the extraordinary heights they will

Nt1210 Chapter 4 Summary
Review Questions Chapter 4
1. To build your own computer (which I have done a couple time) at a minimum you need a central
processing unit, a motherboard, random access memory, graphics processing unit (graphics card),
hard drive or a solid–state drive (SSD), power supply unit, and a computer case.
2. A core is usually the basic computation unit of the CPU – it can run a single program context (or
multiple ones if it supports hardware threads such as hyperthreading on Intel CPUs), maintaining the
correct program state, registers, and correct execution order, and performing the operations through
ALUs.
3. Hyper–threading allows the two logical CPU cores to share physical execution resources.
4. Supercomputers are built especially for assignments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Volatile memory is the RAM memory that is lost when your system is rebooted. Nonvolatile
memory is the data that gets saved to your ROM memory. An example of Volatile is when a mac
computers program is not responding and closes automatically its reopens your latest work rather
than losing your work. An example of Nonvolatile is saving your work onto a flash drive or cd.
11. Main qualities to look for in an LCD are the size, brightness, contrast ratio, and pixel pitch.
12. Motherboard store data in a circuit.
13. DVD (digital video disc) come in a variety of recording options and can store 9.4 GB, more
advanced DVDs has the capacity of 50GB. CD (compact disc) come in several types: CD–ROM,
CD–R and CD–RW.
14. The footprint is the area that a computer occupies. A smaller footprint leaves more desk space
for other devices.
15. Important features to consider before purchasing a PC is the power (speed, RAM capacity),
expandability, ports, ergonomics, compatibility (with hardware and software), footprint, support,
warranty, and cost.
16. If he were looking for a small a storage device I would recommend him to carry a tablet
computer. It looks like a notebook computer without a keyboard and mouse. The user can handwrite
text, which automatically turns into typed text, it is enthusiastically received among

Advantage And Disadvantage Of Microprocessor
Microprocessor is a semiconductor device which contains most of the central processing unit (CPU)
functions and an engine that is fabricated on a single chip (Brain, n.d.). It is a multipurpose and
programmable device that process the input data into output results according to instructions stored
in its memory which is represented in binary numeral system (Microprocessor, n.d.). The first
commercially available microprocessor is Intel 404 which is a 4 bit processor and it was introduced
by Intel Corp in 1971 and designed for the usage of calculator (Intel 4004 microprocessor family,
n.d.). The 4004 was fully integrated in a small chip and held 2,300 transistors which included the
4001 ROM, 4002 RAM and 4003 Shift Register. It also executed up to 92,000 single word
instructions per second which could access 4 KB of program memory while 640 bytes of RAM.
Intel 4004's minimum feature size is 10 µm while the maximum CPU clock rate is 740 Hz (Intel
4004, n.d.). It had a control unit capable of performing control ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It consist 3500 number of transistor. The 8008 was available in two speed grades which is 500 KHz
and 800 KHz because it took the CPU from 5 to 8 cycles to execute each instruction while the
effective rate of instruction execution was around 45,000 to 160,000 instructions per second (Intel
8008 microprocessor family, n.d.). The following year, Intel produce the Intel 8080 which is an 8–
bit microprocessor with a 64 KB main memory and 2 microseconds clock cycle time. It also can
execute 500,000 instructions per second which is ten times faster that Intel 8008. In the mid 1970's,
microcomputers were designed using 8080 as CPU (Evolution of Microprocessor, 2010). Some
other 8–bit microprocessor is Zilog–80 and Toshiba's T3472 (Intel 8008 microprocessor family,

Micro Controller At Mega
Micro Controller AT Mega – 328 In the area of control and automation, the need for some
processing unit became indispensable in a wide variety of applications. Among these,
microcontrollers stand as a lower cost alternative, satisfactory reliability, simplicity, reduced
consumption energy, however, with limited memory capacity and processing.
A microcontroller contains a processor, memory access and peripheral input / output. It is a
microprocessor that can be programmed for specific functions, in contrast to other general purpose
microprocessors (such as those used in PCs). Basically, the use of a microcontroller is in the
processing of data from one of your peripherals, with the set of output data. For example, send data
via serial port or generate a reaction in system as an LED light.
The architecture of a microcontroller generally consists of a core processing, bus and Peripherals:
Processing core consists of the data processor (calculations, flow control program, etc.) and
administration of peripherals.
Bus is divided into data and address, is on the lines of communication between the processor and
peripherals.
Peripherals characterize the set of features available by the microcontroller and are controlled by the
processor. For example, memory, serial port, parallel port and AD converter.
Microcontrollers are typically used in automation and control products and peripherals, such as
control systems of automotive engines, remote controls, machines, etc.

Nt1310 Unit 10 Communication Systems
phones, tablets, etc.). The communication technologies used in the systems are mostly determined
by the house topology. Pre–existing houses use PLC or wireless networks (radio or IR), while new
homes can be out ﬁtted for dedicated wiring through the walls, avoiding some interference issues
and lowering the ﬁnal The NXP (founded by Philips) LPC2148 is an ARM7TDMI–S based high–
performance 32–bit RISC Microcontroller with Thumb extensions 512KB on–chip Flash ROM with
In–System Programming (ISP) and In–Application Programming (IAP), 32KB RAM, Vectored
Interrupt Controller, Two 10bit ADCs with 14 channels, USB 2.0 Full Speed Device Controller, Two
UARTs, Two I2C serial interfaces, Two SPI serial interfaces Two

The Development Of Computer Development
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER FROM 1980 TO 2014
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of
figuring out/ calculating devices. A generation refers to the state of improvement in the product
development process. This term is also used in the different advancements of new computer
technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the
previous generation before it. As a result of the making something much smaller, speed, power, and
computer memory have proportionally increased. New discoveries are constantly being developed
that affect the way we live, work and play. Each generation of computers is seen as the major
technological development that basically changed the way computers operate, resulting in more and
more smaller, cheaper, powerful, efficient and reliable devices
As for now, there are four generations of computer which is first generation, second generation,
third generation, and fourth generation. The first generation begins from year 1940 to 1956 using
vacuum tube. For the second generation was from year 1956 to 1963 using transistor. Later
integrated circuit was produced in the year 1965 to 1971. By the year 1971 until present the
microprocessors is being used.
Microprocessor is a miniature electronic device that contains math, logic and control circuitry
needed to function as a digital computers CPU. Microprocessors are integrated circuits (Ic) that can
understand

Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components

Similar to Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components (20)

More from Kristi Anderson

More from Kristi Anderson (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Nt1310 Unit 3 Computer Components