This document provides an overview of key components of railway tracks, including ballast, rails, rail joints, and sleepers. Ballast is the granular material placed around and under sleepers to transmit load from the sleepers to the formation layer. Rails come in three types - double headed, flat footed, and bull headed - based on their head and foot dimensions. There are four main types of rail joints: fish plate, fasteners, slide chairs, and junction plate. Sleepers are members laid transverse to rails that transfer load from rails to ballast and subgrade, and they come in wooden, metal, and concrete varieties.

1. Submitted by :-
SYED ISAC PEERAN
Hod : SubmittedTo:
Basavaraj Hulli Miss Swathi

3. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2.BALLAST
3.RAILS
4.TYPES OF RAILS
5.TYPES OF RAILS JOINTS
6.SLEEPERS
7.TYPES OF SLEEPERS

4. WELCOMETO INDIAN RAILWAYS

5. RAILWAY ENGINEERING
The branch of Civil Engineering which
deals with the design, construction and
maintenance of the railway tracks for
safe and efficient movements of trains
is called Railway Engineering

6. BALLAST
 Ballast is the granular
material usually broken
stone or bricks single
and kanker, gravel and
sand placed and
packed and around the
sleeper to transmit
Load from sleeper to
formation Layer.
Size = 20mm – 65mm

7. RAILS
The rolled steel sections laid
end to end in two parallel
lines
over sleepers to form a
railway
track are known as RAILS.

8. Types of Rails :-
The rails used in the construction of railway track
can be divided into the following three types :
(1) Double Headed Rails (D.H. Rail)
(2) Flat Footed Rails (F.F. Rail)
(3) Bull Headed Rails (B.H. Rail)

9. 1. Double Headed
Rail :-
The rails having their
head and foot of
same dimensions are
known as double
headed rail (D.H.).

10. 2. Flat Footed
Rails :-
The rail section
having their foot
rolled to a flat are
known as
flat footed rails.

11. 3. Bull Headed
Rail :
The rails sections
having their head
of
more dimension then
that of their foot
are known as bull
headed rails
(B.H.).

12. Types of rail joints
 1.FISH PLATE JOINT
 2.FASTENERS JOINT
 3.SLIDE CHAIARS JOINT
 4. JUNCTION PLATE JOINT

13. Sleepers are members generally laid
transverse to the rails, on which the rails are
fixed to transfer the loads from the rails to
the ballast and the subgrade.
Sleepers

14. Wooden Sleepers
Metal Sleepers
Concrete Sleepers
Types of Sleepers