The document discusses the history and key elements of railway engineering. It notes that Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive in 1804 in the UK. Railway engineering deals with designing, constructing and maintaining railway tracks for safe and efficient train movement. The main elements of a railway track discussed are formation, ballast, sleepers, and rails. Formation provides a stable base, ballast distributes load, sleepers support rails, and rails provide a running surface.

1. RAILWAY
ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
WAGHMARE S.S

2.  The first full-scale
working railway steam
locomotive was built in
the United Kingdom in
1804 by Richard
Trevithick, an English
engineer born in
Cornwall.
 On 21 February 1804
the world's first
railway journey took
place
HISTORY OF RAILWAYS

3. RAILWAY ENGINEERING
The branch of Civil Engineering which deals
with the design, construction and
maintenance of the railway tracks for safe
and efficient movements of trains is called
Railway Engineering

4. ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY
TRACK
1. Formation
2. Ballast
3. Sleepers
4. Rails

5. FORMATION
 Lower most surface
of track
 Forms the
foundation of Track.
FORMATION

6. FUNCTION OF FORMATION
 Provides a smooth and uniform bed on
which the track is laid.
 Bearsthe entire load transmitted from
the moving loads to it through the ballast.
 Provides stability to the track.

7. BALLAST
Granular material usually broken stone and
kanker, gravel and sand
Placed and packed around the sleeper to
transmit Load from sleeper to formation
Layer.
Size = 20mm – 65mm

8. FUNCTIONS OF BALLAST
 To transfer and distribute the load form sleepers to a
larger area of formation.
 To provide elasticity and resilience to track for getting
proper riding comfort .
 To provide necessary resistance to track for longitudinal
lateral stability .
 To provide effective drainage to track.
 To provide effective means of maintaining evenness and
alignment of track

9. BALLAST

10. Sleepers
Sleepers are members generally laid transverse
to the rails, on which the rails are fixed to transfer
the loads from the rails to the ballast and the
subgrade.

11. TYPES OF SLEEPERS
 Wooden Sleepers
 Metal Sleepers
 Concrete Sleepers

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13. CONCRETE SLEEPERS

14. METAL SLEEPER

15. RAILS
Rails are members of the track laid in two
parallel lines to provide on our continuous
and land surface for the movement of
Trains.

17. FUNCTION OF RAILS
 Provide a continuous and level surface
 Provide a pathway which is smooth and
less friction
 Lateral guide for the wheels
 Bear changes due to vertical loads etc.
 Transfers to formation through sleepers on
wider area.

18. 1. According to position of sleepers
a) Supported joints
b) Suspended joints
c) Bridge joints
2. According to position of joints
a) Square joints
b) Staggered joint
TYPES OF RAIL JOINTS

19. SUPPORTED JOINTS
Ends of the rails are
supported directly on
the sleeper.
No cantilever action.

20. SUSPENDED JOINTS
Ends of the rails are
suspended between
two sleepers.
 Cantilevered at the
joint.
Most common type
of joints.

21. BRIDGE JOINTS
Similar to the
suspended joint.
generally not used
on Pakistan
Railways.

22. SQUARE JOINTS
Joints in one rail are
exactly opposite to
the joints in the
other rail.
Most common
on Pakistan
Railways.

23. STAGGERED JOINT
Not opposite the joints
in the other rail.
Preferred on curved
tracks.

24. IMPORTANCE OF RAILWAY
Economical mode of conveyance
Preferable mode from airplane for tourists
Safe land transport system compared to
other forms of transport
Moves Military Goods of a country