Nonhuman Primate Communication That Humans Learn Their...

Nonhuman Primate Communication That Humans Learn Their...
One form of nonhuman primate communication that occurs in the wild is through noises
(Zuberbuhler 6). Most primates have species specific sounds for certain situations (Zuberbuhler 6).
For example, vervet monkeys have different alarm calls for different types of predators
(Zuberbuhler 10). The listeners of these calls respond to each call differently, protecting themselves
from specific predators (Zuberbuhler 10). This means that they are not just reacting to another
monkey being scared, but they know what scared it based on the call the monkey makes. Specific
calls therefore can be said to symbolize specific meanings (Zuberbuhler 10). However, it is not
known whether or not this is intentional or if the monkeys are aware of this. While this would not
necessarily be considered a language, it is one of their natural forms of communication. The human
listeners and nonhuman listeners both interpret arbitrary noises to mean something specific
(Zuberbuhler 11). However, a difference between human language and these primate calls is that
humans learn their language socially (Zuberbuhler 11). There is no evidence to say that nonhuman
primate calls or sounds are learned socially instead of instinctual (Zuberbuhler 11). In fact, there is
some evidence to support the opposite. "Monkeys reared in social isolation produce basically all
their species–typical call types from soon after birth"(Arbib 1054). This means that these species
specific calls are not taught, but they know them
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Calabar Agwantibo Research Paper
The Calabar Angwantibo Lemus
The Calabar Angwantibo's scientific name is Arctocebus calabarensis.
The Calabar Angwantibo likes to live in the rainforests of west Africa.
Their back is orange–yellow, and their belly is grey or white. The Calabar Angwantibo has a white
strip that goes from the tip of their nose to their forehead. Many people think they are beautiful. The
Calabar Angwantibo is the world's only primate that has a third eyelid. They will weigh 9.38 to 16.4
ounces.
They like to live in the lower part of the trees. During the day, the Calabar Angwantibo likes to sleep
in tree branches. They will hunt for food at night. The male Calabar Angwantibo prefers to hunt for
food alone. They eat insects, and they prefer caterpillars. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
None had been seen since 1875 and in 1966 they were found again.
The Hairy–eared Dwarf Lemurs forest habitat has been cut down, and they are trapped for food.
They are considered endangered and at risk of extinction.
The Weasel Lemur The weasel lemur is found living in Madagascar. They like to live in wet forests.
The weasel lemur is 2 feet long including their tail which is quiet long. Their fur on their back is a
reddish–brown. Their belly has fur on it that is grayish.
The weasel lemur will be active at night. They like to live in trees and they are great at jumping
from tree to tree. At times they will descend to the ground. In the day time they like to sleep in tree
holes. The male weasel lemur will live alone and the females will live with their young. During
mating season the males will live with the females for a short time.
The weasel lemur eats leaves mainly. They will also eat fruit, bark and flowers.
The weasel lemur is preyed on by snakes, eagles, fossa and

Are Lemurs Primates? Essay
Are lemurs considered to be a primate? What is a primate and what does a primate consist of? A
primate is known for having hands and feet that are very similar to the look of their hands. They also
are known for their forward–facing eyes. Primates are not just lemurs. Primates also include
prosimians, monkeys, apes, and even humans. The first primate to be developed was a lemur. The
word lemur in latin means ghost because lemurs are a nocturnal animal. A Lemur is also an arboreal
primate, which meaning that they live in all kinds of trees. All breeds of lemurs have a slightly long
pointed snout and typically have a long tail. Lemurs have been around for nearly over 2,000 years
(Garbutt 10). This was when they first stepped foot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though the government of Madagascar has many different laws stating that lemurs should be
protected in their habitat, some hunters have decided to go against the laws and hunt all lemurs
anyway. Scientists have tried to help save lemurs by capturing them and putting them in a captive–
breeding programs to help them to be able to give them a better chance of surviving (Jolly 76).
There are around 70 different breeds of lemurs and about 16 of them have become extinct (Riley 6).
There are many different breed of lemurs and researchers are still finding more and more different
breeds every year. There are three new lemurs found off the coast of Africa in Madagascar. The
three new lemurs are all considered to be mouse lemurs. They were named microcebus
bongolavensis, microcebus danfossi, and microcebus lokobensis. And since the year 2000, the
number of known mouse lemur species have nearly doubled from 8 to 15 different species. The
scientists have cautioned that the number of mouse lemurs may be slightly altered if they find more
genetic DNA that shows the other named mouse lemurs are not actually unique species (3). One
breed of lemur that has been around for many many years is called the indri lemur. Although the
indri has a smaller tail than all the other lemurs it is one of the larger lemurs. They also live in the
Madagascar and jump from tree to tree and land on each branch in an upright position. The indri
lemur also almost never goes down to the

Essay about The RIng tail lemur
The Ring–Tail Lemur
The ring–tailed lemur is an amazing mammal. They are very interesting creatures
that God put on this earth. One of my favorite characteristics about this animal is there
big bushy cute tail. The ring–tailed lemurs scientific family is Lemuridae.
The ring–tailed lemur gets its name from the neat ringed pattern on the fur on the
tail. They have gray or rosy brown backs with lighter gray or brown hind legs and have
white stomachs. The ring–tailed lemur's length is 37–43 inches. Their weight is 5–8lbs.
Their offspring is one. The lifespan of the ring–tailed lemur is 20 years. They have a
pointed muzzle, which is typical among the various species ... Show more content on
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Humans cut down the trees where
lemurs live. We are destroying their habitat. Madagascar was a good home for lemurs
until now. Ring–tailed lemurs are being protected now but it is difficult to enforce.
Ring–tailed lemurs shelter in tropical forests to semi–desert. They like to shelter
on ground or climbing in trees. Most lemurs only like climbing in trees. The ring–tailed
lemur prefers to be on the ground.
Scientists classify lemurs along with humans, apes, and monkeys, as being
primates. Ring–tailed lemurs really resemble monkeys, except lemurs have a pointy nose.
The ring–tailed lemurs scientific name is Lemur catta. Here is the classification system

of the ring–tailed lemur:
· Kingdom: Animalia
· Phylum: Chordata
· Class: Mammalia
· Order: Primates
· Family: Lemuridae
· Genus: Lemur
· Species: Lemur catta
Lemurs arrived in Madagascar fifty thousand years ago, when the island
was closer to Africa. The first humans arrived 2000 to 1500 years ago. They
hunted at least 18 of the larger species of lemurs to extinction! Ring–tailed lemurs
are threatened in Madagascar because of habitat loss due to fires, overgrazing by
livestock, and tree cutting for charcoal production growth.
Ring–tailed lemurs

Primate Diet Adaptations : Primates
Primate Diet Adaptations Primates are some of the best–adapted animals in the planet. Throughout
time their dentition has evolved into different patterns and forms, best fitted for their environment.
From the early prosimians, to the modern men, the changes are a prime example of how diverse
primates are. Throughout primate evolution, the changes in diet can be correlated with the changes
in dentition patterns; however, dentition pattern can be different between male and female, and hold
other purposes.
GRADE I – LEMUROIDS Lemuroids are prosimians dating back to as early as 65 million years ago
(Larsen). They were the primates present during the Paleocene epoch of the Cenozoic era (Larsen).
Having many attributes that pertain to the early primates they help give an insight to the evolution of
dentition within early primates (Doyle). This helps understand the fore coming other grades of
primates dentition; for example, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and hominids. Present Lemuroids are
present in the island of Madagascar, off the shores of the African continent (Doyle). Their dentition
pattern has what is known as a toothcomb (Larsen). They posses a pattern of two front incisors, 1
canine, three premolars, and three molars on both top and bottom. The two bottom incisors, and
canines are long, finely spaced and procumbent, to facilitate the grooming of the coat (Doyle).
Lemurs are arboreal adapted. They spend most of their time on trees wit the exception of the ring–
tailed

Lemurs On Their Tails Research Paper
Lemurs Have you ever wonder what a lemur is? I think they are weird animals. In this essay it will
tell you its appearance ,Habitat and diet, and interesting facts about the lemur. Lemurs are animals
with weird lifestyles. They live off nuts and other foods not edible to us. First I am going to tell you
their appearance. They have a black and white tails. They are brown haired animals.Their faces are
white and gray.hey have big feet and small tails. Sometimes they are called Lemur Catta. The reason
why their tails are black and white is because they are ring tailed lemurs that's why there tails are
ringed. They are mammals. They have orange eyes. They have mainly black skin, Mostly covered in
gray. They have patches of white fur. And they

Henry Zoo Research Paper
The United States has many great places for a family to spend a vacation since it has 50 states, but
the best place for a family with young children to do a dozen of activities, such as swimming and
camping, and having a beautiful and not expensive place is to go Nebraska. First of all, Nebraska
has Omaha's Henry Zoo that ranked one of the best zoo in the world according to TripAdvisor, said
Peters. Omaha's Henry Zoo features with many great exhibits, such as jungle, aquarium and desert
dome, and the great thing that they have simulated those exhibits perfectly, so the visitor can look
like in a desert or in a jungle. In addition, it's a great place to educate the children about the wildlife
because it has most of animals' world. Furthermore,

Lemur Observation Paper
From the bar graph, lemur 1 socialized (26.7%) with several members in the group during its 30
minutes, and travelled (6.7%) a little bit quadrupedally, besides resting (66.6%); lemur 2 was resting
the whole time during the observation, while alerted twice without any other behavior but scratching
itself a little bit; lemur 3 was the most active one among the four, who travelled (33.3%) a large
amount of time yet still spent most of its time resting (40%), it also played with the toys provided by
zoo, and bitted the wood for a while; lemur 4 was completely resting during the whole time of its
observation. Discussion: This result shows that the four individuals observed spent most of their
time during the study resting. There is a huge lack of presence of feeding and traveling ... Show
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For instance, among the two hours of observation, the lemurs were huddling together without any
grooming or other socializing behaviors. This might be attributed to the colder temperature in
Madison than that in their native habitation, Madagascar, even with the help of the temperature
controlling system in the zoo (though whether this is true or not would need more data collection to
testify). The well–known sunbathing behavior of ring–tailed lemurs was also absent during my
observation, and this might be due to their lack of access to sunlight in such an environment.
Moreover, there are still many uncertain factors that were not included in the results such as the age
of the primates, which might have attributed to long amount of time the primates spent resting.
Further data would be needed to get a better understand of the differences in behavior between the
captive ring–tailed lemurs and their wild

Essay on Preventing the Extinction of the Simpona Lemur
When many hear about a lemur, they immediately think of the movie Madagascar and the fun loving
role that is played by the lemur King Julien; similarly, when hearing the name Madagascar, many
think of the land of the lemurs. However, what would happen if there were no more lemurs? This is
a harsh but readily approaching reality of Madagascar today. Lemurs are known as the world's most
endangered mammals, and specifically the Simpona, otherwise known as the Silky Sifaka lemur, is
critically endangered. If treatments of Madagascar's habitat, specificity the small mountainous area
of northeastern Madagascar where the Simpona lemur reside, continue being treated as they are
today, this will not only lead to the complete extinction of this rare ... Show more content on
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Therefore, extinction is highly possible for these lemurs because if they become extinct in the wild,
there will be none left in the world at all.
One of the biggest factors effecting the Simpona lemur population is tourists. Although tourists
come to marvel on the beautiful agriculture and species that make up Madagascar, they are
unfortunately contributing to the decline of the Simpona lemur. As the tourist rates increase
destination resorts increase, which then leads to reduced land for wildlife. Tourists are wanting to
reside within the forest to be "immersed" in the environment and have the ability to see the wildlife
from the comfort of their hotels (Simpona). This has meant deforestation had to occur to make room
for hotels located within or right near the undamaged forest. As a result this leads to people
questioning why they would go to the extent of damaging the forests and reducing the population of
lemurs for the tourists. This is a result of tourism having a major role in the economy. Tourism is a
crucial part of Madagascar's economy and without tourism the economy would plummet. This
country has become so reliant on attracting tourists that it has become one of its biggest forms of
income (WWF – Endangered Lemur Fights for Survival in Madagascar). Due to tourists being
interested in the island's biodiversity Madagascar has attracted visitors for various reasons ranging
from family vacations to scientific research. However, the main

Causes Of Deforestation In Madagascar
Deforestation on the island of Madagascar, an island off of the coast of Africa, has caused major
destruction of habitat for species and a reduction in numbers of plants and trees. The island used to
be largely covered in dense forests which were home to many species of lemur and other animals.
Now, ⅘ of the island is bare and uninhabitable for these animals. Deforestation on the island
progresses at around 150,000 to 200,000 hectares of forests cut down each year. Because of this
many plants and animals that only occur in the wild on Madagascar are endangered. The problem
has effects on both abiotic factors as well as the biotic factors, which include animals and plants.
Some of the abiotic things impacted include lakes and shorelines. One of the main causes for the
deforestation is slash–and–burn agriculture. In this technique, small areas of forest are cut down and
everything is burned to clear the area and introduce some nutrients into the ground. Then, rice is
planted and grown for a few years. After some time, all of the nutrients are depleted from the ground
and rice cannot grow well anymore. Because of this, farmers have to continuously cut down more
and more forest. The reason that this is such a common thing on Madagascar is because most people
are poor and need food, so they resort to this destructive technique that leaves land barren and
unable to support growth.
The impacts on biotic factors are obvious. One–third of the island's 1,600 unique species of plants

Persuasive Essay On Free Pittsburgh City
Free Pittsburgh: Exploring the City Without the Cost
A vacation in Pittsburgh could be one of the most exciting trips you ever take. This beautiful,
historic town is filled with must–see attractions and exciting things to do. Both locals and tourists
can visit a broad assortment of museums, historical sites, and scenic areas. The neighborhoods in
this town are bustling with interesting people, fun shops, and noteworthy buildings.
Once you have chosen one of the great hotels in Pittsburgh, you'll want to explore the city as soon as
you can. Even if you have little money to spend while you're in town, you won't be bored. You can
find plenty of things to do that are free or very inexpensive. In fact, after you take advantage of
downtown Pittsburgh hotel specials and visit some of the free ... Show more content on
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This popular local attraction is relatively inexpensive for seniors, adults, and children, and it is free
for little ones who are under 24 months of age. The zoo features an impressive assortment of
animals, from polar bears to ring–tailed lemurs. Going to this zoo and aquarium is an ideal way to
spend a day when you don't have much money to spare. You can eat at one of the on–site
restaurants, and you may even go shopping, as well. You might explore the grounds on foot, or you
can take one of the trams that travel throughout the zoo. The aquarium is as exciting as the rest of
the zoo, and it contains fascinating animals such as sharks and penguins.
Steel City Roller Derby
Another inexpensive and entertaining option is the local roller derby. The Steel City Roller Derby
has been in existence for approximately 10 years, and it is a Pittsburgh favorite. All of the athletes in
this league are female, and they work hard to stay in great shape for the sport. If you've never been
to a roller derby event, you owe it to yourself to attend one when you're in the city.
The Frick Art and Historical

The Origin Of Diversity Within Species
According to Charles Darwin, he suggested that all organisms were descendants from a common
ancestor that was once existed in the past (Darwin 1859). As organisms share a lot of common
characteristics due to common ancestry, the history of evolution of different species can be known
through comparing how closely their genes and body structures were. The more similar those
characteristics are, the more closely related those species is. However there is a wide range of
diversity between every single species and between every single individual. Diversification allows
organisms to occupy different niches in the ecosystem. In this essay, the origin of diversity within
species, the origin of diversity between the species, the significance of ... Show more content on
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Every single individual will not be genetically identical unless they are identical twins. Variation
within individuals could be caused my crossing over or independent assortment during the process
of fusion of two gametes. !!!!
Origin of diversity between species
A common ancestor gave rise to all organisms on earth. However, every individual species
developed their own distinct character that allows them to play a specific role in the ecosystem.
Diversity is caused as species are being isolated by geographic barriers or by sexual selection. The
diversity between species can be present as there is a difference in the species heritable trait. Those
organisms that contain an advantageous allele that allows them to be better adapted to the
environment survive and reproduce. As a result, the advantageous allele will be inherited by the
offspring and the frequency of the advantageous allele will increase within the population. In the
example of Strepsirhini, it was one of the linages that was evolved form the earliest primates
together with tarsiers (e.g. monkeys and apes) (Hickman, et al. 2011). When Madagascar was
separated from the southeast coast of Africa at about 120million years ago, the Madagasy
prosimians where separated from the rest of the population of apes and monkeys. The Madagasy
prosimians where geographically isolated form the rest of the primate population

The Lemur and the Gibbon Essay
Where did we come from? A question that will always be asked by every human on this planet.
Some say that we are of God's creation and some say that we have gone through a long process
called evolution and that humans and apes share a single common ancestor. Here I am going to
compare and contrast between two of my favorite types of animals: The Lemur and the Gibbon.
What is a Lemur? Ask someone that question and you'll be surprised how silly the answer may be.
From being a fruit to a body part, it is sad how the general public does not know that the Lemur one
of our oldest primates, an order which includes monkeys, apes, and us humans. There are about 32
different types of lemurs on our planet today. They originated from Madagascar, a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of them have rings on their tails and are called Ring Tailed Lemurs. They live mostly in trees
and are quadrupedal. They use their hands and tails to get from one tree to the other and they live in
groups from 3 to 20. And the female lemur is dominant.
     Lemurs are known to be very intelligent. They are highly
adaptable to our climate and conditions. They eat a lot and try to get a bit fat before the harsh winter
arrives. And they have a cool excellent sense of balance.      But
since humans arrived in Madagascar some 1,500 years ago they have been endangered. Sixteen
different species of lemurs have gone extinct because of habitat destruction to hunting by humans. I
personally think its very unfair because these gentle non aggressive animals were their before
humans and even before monkeys. Prosimians first appeared about 55 million years ago while apes
been around for only 35 million years. In 1987, World Wildlife International declared that the
lemurs are the most gravely endangered group of primates in the world.
     The Gibbon is a truly unique animal. Gibbons are anthropoids
like humans and gorillas. They look somewhat like the Lemur but it has special features that make it
different from the Lemur.      Gibbons apes come from Southeast
Asia and the island of the Philippines. Some people will get this cool creature confused with

Sifaka Research Paper
The Coquerel's Sifaka (Propithecus verrauxi coquerii) is a species of lemur found exclusively in
Madagascar. Their bodies are covered in thick, coarse fur that is white on their torsos and dark
reddish brown on their fore– and hindlimbs, with dark faces and white noses. P. coquerii are a
diurnal species of folivorous and frugivorous primates that live in either deciduous or evergreen
forests, and typically weigh 3.4–3.6 kg. Females are dominant over males, and they typically
congregate in one male–one female mating pairs or multi–male multi–female social groups. Males
will compete for dominance in order to be able to mate with females in the group. Lemurs exhibit
more scent–marking behaviors than most other primates, and use their throat, wrist, and anogenital
glands to scent mark their habitats and signal to other lemurs. The Bronx Zoo has two adult
Coquerel's sifakas in its exhibit, one male and one female. The exhibit is the first that guests see in
the zoo's Madagascar hall, which houses ring tailed lemurs, red ruffed lemurs, and other animals
from the region. The Coquerel's sifaka exhibit itself is tall but relatively narrow, extending
approximately thirty–five feet vertically and about fifteen feet horizontally. The opening ... Show
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This locomotor behavior is excellent for achieving fast motion, and a sifakas could cross the
enclosure with only two leaps in just seconds. However, because the enclosure was relatively
narrow, the sifakas were unable to leap more than one to two times in a row unless a vertical aspect
was part of the movement. If more than two solely horizontal leaps had been attempted, they would
have crashed into the walls. When descending down trees or the stone walls of the enclosure, the
sifakas preferred to descend rump first, but would leap to another tree as soon as the action was
possible, seeming to avoid climbing style

Primates Monkeys
The first true evolution of primates goes all the way back to 55 million years ago.. Primates descend
in two orders, Stepsirrhini and Haplorrhini. The Stepsirhines were the first of the suborders to
unfold. That term is identical with prosimians. Prosimians are defined as a "pre–monkey" in
Latin(anthro.palomar.edu). Evidence was not shown until the 20th century of prosimians evolving
before the monkey. A stepsirhine that is still alive and studied today are lemurs. Lemurs are the
oldest ancestors of monkeys, apes, and humans. There is research of a Lemur's past and present
habitats, discovered theorists, predators, diet, life expectancy, large number of subspecies, and
fossils collected about Lemurs. These prosimians can be found on the ... Show more content on
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Predators are always out on the prowl for other animals. Lemurs have a few predators. The first
predator is the Fossa. The fossa is a type cat–like mammal that is related to the mongoose. The
search of a lemur by a fossa keeps increasing due to the decrease of resources animals can find in
Madagascar. A Harrier hawk is another predator that lemurs should always be watching out for. A
Harrier Hawk swoops in at night and grabs young Lemurs directly off their mother's back.Even trees
cannot completely hide the Lemur from the Harrier Hawk's great eyesight. Other predators are
Madagascar buzzards, ground boas, civets, and domestic cats and dogs.The most shocking news that
Lemurs face as a dangerous predator are humans. Humans are the major cause for different species
of Lemurs being endangered. Some villagers kill Lemurs because they are said to be a bad omen.
Then we have humans that keep endangering Lemurs by deforestation. Lemurs are known to leap
far lengths, but when resources are low and several trees are cut down, then it creates a huge
problem. This is the top leading reason Lemurs today are extinct and

Zoo Observation Essay
Last week I had the opportunity to visit the Los Angeles zoo on a beautiful, sunny Thursday
(October 19th). Although I arrived off schedule which left a minimal amount of time to observe
primates, I managed my time well. After being told that the larger animals get put away earlier, I
figured my first stop would be at an ape enclosure. The ape I chose to see that day was the gorilla.
The time that I began my observation was at approximately 3:05. At that time only one ape was
quite visible and he was sitting at the front making eye contact with me making it seem as if he is
HABITUATED. Next, post gorilla watching, I had the chance to take a gander at the ring railed
lemurs at 3:40. These prosimians all had their own personalities which interested me deeply. Lastly,
and certainly not least on my journey through the LA zoo, I had the chance of looking at the
mandrills which were once classified as baboons. Considering that two baby mandrills were present
and only a month old, this was my favorite exhibit to see because of their high energy and
randomness of actions. Beginning with the most intelligent of the bunch, the (western lowland)
gorillas I observed were quite inactive. This is certainly so because they are known to only be
hunted by man leaving no competition outside of their own species. This fact makes it apparent why
these kings of the jungle sit around so often. In the wild and even in zoos it may be difficult for a
male to find mates because groups of gorillas are POLYGYNOUS. So usually one male is the father
of all of the offspring. Being this way, male gorillas must display DOMINANCE over others and
even stand their ground against an incoming male that may threaten the family. Going back to how
they sit all day, gorillas are able to do this because they don't even have to move to replenish energy
for the reason that they are grass and leaf eaters (vegetarians). Not having to move very much makes
gorillas capable of having a low–quality diet. Moving forward, ring tailed lemurs showed the
greatest amount of ALTRUISM. They kindly groomed each other for an extensive amount of time,
showing a great bond between one another. Also, their ability to move quickly and jump high
showed off their MOTOR

Compare And Contrast Ring Tail Lemurs And Humans
Ring–Tailed Lemurs vs. Humans Ring–Tailed Lemurs and humans are not a likely pair to come to
mind when thinking about animals that are similar. However,Ring–Tailed lemurs and humans have a
lot more in common than one might think. However, Ring–Tailed Lemurs and humans also have
copious differences in aforementioned aspects of genetics, classification, anatomy, and physiology,
as well as in other areas such as behaviors, diet, and habitat. How are Humans and Ring–Tailed
Lemurs similar? First, humans and ring–tailed lemurs are both considered primates. Primates are the
highest order of mammals and include humans, lemurs, apes, New and Old world monkeys, etc.
Primates are characterized by nails on the hands and feet, a short snout, a large brain, 5 digits on
each limb, forward facing eye sockets, and adaptations for climbing trees. ... Show more content on
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The number of white rings on the tails is either 12 or 13, and the number of black rings is either 13
or 14. The total number of rings nearly matches the number of vertebrae in the tail. The tips of each
tail will always be black. Ring–TAiled Lemurs tales are between 23 and 24 inches long on average,
while their bodies are only 16–17 inches long on average. Aside from their tails, Ring–Tailed
Lemurs are usually reddish gray to dark red brown with light gray limbs and a black snout. The
faces, hands, feet, and ears are all white, and the eyes have black triangular patches around them.
Ring–tailed lemurs weigh between 1.8–2.8 oz at birth and as adults weigh 4.87 lbs on average.
Fifteen to sixteen years is the average lifespan of a ring–tailed lemur in the wild, however in
captivity they can live to be 25 or

A Brief History Of Wendy's: How Two Things Connect
Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the
web, we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect. The ways in which every
thing is connected are infinite. Though it may not always be evident or logical, there is always a way
that two things connect. One thing after another, connections can be made when thought is put
forward to the processes, sometimes easily, and other times the process is more complicated.
Perhaps the most famous fast food restaurant today, has always had the same publicity as it currently
does. In 1954, a salesman by the name of Ray Kroc visited a restaurant in California that had
purchased many of his company's product, The Multi Mixer. The restaurant was run ... Show more
Between this time, Wendy's made some interesting moves, one year after opening in 1969 Wendy's
introduced its first pickup window that had its own separate grill. Five years after, the first Wendy's
in Canada was built. Wendy's first televised commercial aired in 1977. ("The Wendy's Story").
Things picked up after 1978 though, it only took two years to acquire one–thousand more
restaurants, and five after that for another thousand. ("The Wendy's Story"). Wendy's has introduced
many items to their menu over time that most fast food chains do not have. A salad bar (which they
no longer have), first to ever introduce baked potatoes, grilled chicken sandwich, Fresh salads to go,
as well as possibly the most famous "The Baconator". ("The Wendy's Story"). Today Wendy's has
won awards for stock, along with rewards for certain foods, the Pretzel burger mainly. There are
over 6,600 Wendy's restaurants in use today, still there are still many items being added to the menu
over the years. ("The Wendy's Story"). The oldest of the three restaurants is held by Burger

Spirits Of The Forest Analysis
Lemurs are creatures that are solely found on the island of Madagascar and islands off the east coast
of Africa. These species have diversified greatly into niches because of no competition from other
primates (since other primates are not present on the island). In the documentary, Spirits of the forest
(Lemurs), several species' physical and behavioral adaptations are described. Some of these species
include the mouse, ring–tailed, sifakas, and Indris lemurs. Lemurs are described to resemble dog–
like primates whose eyes are faced forward. This physical characteristic contributes to binocular
vision, which helps lemurs gauge the distance between trees. They have strong olfactory capabilities
compared to other primates and bond by grooming one another. Ring–tailed lemurs are more
terrestrial than arboreal. Females are the dominant gender in their society. They form close troops of
about ten to twelve, or even possibly more than twenty members of each troop. Daily, ringtails
spend part of their time on the ground in the dry forest and bush. Their physical features include
long tails with white and black rings. Their tails are held high which helps hold the troop together.
Ringtails spend a part of their time on the ground eating leaves, flowers, and small invertebrates to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have distinctly high pitched alarm calls that signal the threat of predators that target their
young. From the documentary, this specie seems to reside in both the dry forest and lush rainforests.
They rely heavily on scent marking to identify their home range. Their locomotion is leaping from
tree to tree. In terms of their young, the offspring suckles for three to months but as they grow, tend
to explore more and more. When twins are born it indicates a rich supply of food. In particular, they
eat mud from termite mounds for nutrition and forage on the ground eating spiders, and pods of
trees, leaves, shoots, and

Primate Morphology For The Lemur Catta
This paper will discuss primate morphology for the Lemur catta, also known as the ring tailed
lemur, what characterizes them as primates, how they react in their environment, and their social and
adaptive behaviors in that environment. The Lemur catta and it is only found in the island of
Madagascar, as well as off the coast of southeast Africa. In Madagascar, they reside in the
southeastern portion anywhere from sea level, up to 8530 feet high. Their environment consists
mainly of tropical forested area in the proximity of nine forests: Andohahela, Andringitra,
Ankilitelo, Berenty, Beza Mahafaly, Isalo, Tsimanampetsotsa, Tsirave, and Zombitse (Godfrey et al.
1998). According to the National Primate Research Center (pin.primate.wisc.edu), they also have a
variety of habitats for example rainforests, spiny bush forests, subalpine, deciduous, and gallery.
However, a lot of their habitat has been affected by constant human contact; agricultural clearing,
deforestation, and burning to produce charcoal. The Lemur catta need to be able to hide in the forest
and they are not very good at adapting to new environments so they depend a lot on the forested
areas. The southwest part of Madagascar is very prone to droughts and they can have serious effects
on the habitats of ring–tailed lemurs and other mammals. I will discuss what makes the Lemur catta
a primate and the primate characteristics that they possess. Then, I will express the specialized,
physical characteristics that they

The Benefits Of Animal Captivity
Tartan Wires, malicious voices, and aching bodies are the majority of their lives. They're whipped to
the core, mentally beaten down. They have no strength, no voice, or significance. They are toys,
expect toys are cherished and cared for. They are ragdolls. They can be compelled easily and look
how you wish them to with just a little tinkering. They look attractive from afar, but the closer you
get the more obvious it becomes how much they have been overused and mistreated. They are
Entertainment animals. They have been in use since the late 1800's when the first zoo opened. Since
then, the opportunities have shot through the roof. Animals are now not only in zoos, but films, live
shows, and in animal amusement parks. Animal Welfare allows ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It makes sense to give people a glimpse into the animal world once in awhile, maybe even in hope to
slow down the risk of endangerment. What doesn't make sense and is not in any way reasonable are
the use of circus animals. The reason circus animals came to be is that zookeepers realized what a
drive people have to see exotic animals. They realized how much money people would pay just to
see an exotic animal in a cage, then imagined what they could earn by making them perform. What
people need to realize when they buy their tickets to the show is that these animals are not in any
way meant to perform. And even though these animals are often protected by state and local
anticruelty laws, they aren't often enough. The Ringling Brothers, for example celebrated their 146th
year recently even after being accused multiple times of abuse. It has been documented that The
Ringling Brothers have brutally beaten their elephants without medical attention, shot a tiger to
death as payback for disobeyment, and have had many "unknown" death causes in their time, yet
they are about to celebrate their 147th year on tour

Cerebroarterial Amyloidosis
Proteins play a critical role in normal human function and are made up of a sequence of amino acids
that have to be precise, to allow for proper folding to a functional three dimensional structure
(confirmation). This sequence is coded in the DNA in genes and hence any changes through
mutation or allele combinations can cause a change in the protein(s) coded, resulting in a diseased
state. Such a case is a disease called Cerebroarterial Amyloidosis, Icelandic type (CAI) that arises
from a mutation on chromosome 20 in the CST3 gene located in the short arm of the chromosome
(20p11.21).1 It is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease and the mutated gene leads to the
protein translated (cystatin C) having a leucine being substituted with a Glutamine ... Show more
Of all this, the most closely related are the chimpanzee, cow and

Why do Meerkats have Different Alarm Calls?
It is known that in some species alarm calls play an important role in intra–specific communication
and vigilance behaviour. They are encoded in two different ways (Zuberbühler et al., 1999). The
referential alarm call contains information about external events while the affective alarm call
provides information about the caller's motivation (Manser, 2001). Two well–researched non–human
primates using predator specific alarm calls are ring–tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and also the vervet
monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) (Evans et al., 1993). Other species such as some ground squirrels,
use alarm calls that contain information about the urgency of the situation rather than the predator
type (Manser et al., 2001).
Studies show that meerkats ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meerkats have three main alarm call types to which they respond in different ways (Manser, 2001).
They are distinguished between terrestrial (mainly jackals), aerial (mainly eagles) and recruitment
calls (snakes and deposits of predators). Meerkats are also known to use different acoustic variations
depending on the urgency (high, medium and low) (Hollén and Manser, 2007).
The function of alarm calls in general has been studied for many decades and raises the question
what leads animals to perform the selfless act of warning others while also attracting the predator's
attention. This self–sacrificing behaviour appears to be altruistic (Sherman, 1977). However,
altruism commonly evolves through kin selection (Charnov and Krebs, 1975) while alarm calls can
be seen between all members of a species, closely related or not. This might be because sooner or
later the individual performing the altruistic act benefits from it (Trivers, 1971). It is likely that the
receiver of the altruistic act will repay the performer by behaving altruistic in the future and
therefore both benefit in the long run (Trivers, 1971). Receivers that decide against behaving
altruistic in return might be punished by not receiving any more altruistic acts, which is why natural
selection favours altruism (Trivers, 1971).
One might think that alarm calls are also useful to distract or even discourage predators from
hunting a group that already has been warned about said

The Species Of Madagascar : Madagascar. Prosimians Are...
Prosimians in Madagascar Prosimians are those primates that evolved before the anthropoids. The
first prosimian appears in the fossil record about 55 million years ago. Before the appearance of
anthropoids, prosimians were quite prevalent. Their fossils have been discovered in all corners of
the world, including Europe, Asia, Egypt and even in the northwestern United States. Madagascar is
the world's fifth largest island located off the east coast of Africa. While Madagascar broke away
from Africa, more than 120 million years ago, it 's puzzling to scientists that lemurs evolved only 55
million years ago. Madagascar is world–famous for its lemurs, primates that look something like a
cat crossed with a squirrel and a dog. These animals are unique to the island and display a range of
interesting. One of the theories of how lemurs got to Madagascar is that they rafted there on clumps
of vegetation. Once monkeys and apes appeared, daytime active prosimians were out competed and
disappeared. Only nighttime active prosimians occur outside of Madagascar because there are no
nocturnal monkeys or apes in those regions, except for the night monkey in South America. Sixteen
species of lemurs have become extinct, most likely due to habitat destruction and hunting by
humans. The largest of the extinct lemurs was known as Archaeoindris and was about the size of a
male gorilla. Some of these extinct lemurs were ground dwelling while others lived in the trees and
moved very much like

The Geography Of Madagascar
Madagascar is a huge tropical island off the southeast coast of Africa. In the 1500's, the first person
to have found Madagascar was the Portuguese explorer Diogo Dias. It is the fourth largest island in
the world and is surrounded by the Indian Ocean. The island was formed when it broke away from
Africa about fifty million years ago. Madagascar is known for its unique landscapes. It covers
226,700 square miles. A steep cliff on the eastern coast is home to the country's remaining tropical
rain forests. The central part of the island is a plateau region. Most of the country's major cities are
located on these highlands. A chain of constructed waterways connects natural lakes and rivers to
form the Pangalanes Canal along the eastern coast ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country's coastline is covered with national reserves designed to preserve the unique plants and
animals that draw visitors from all over the world. The Madagascar Spiny Thicket is an unusual
region in the south of the country. It is a cross between a forest and a desert. Most of the plants in
this region are found only in Madagascar. Some trees grow tall with long, sharp spines and no
branches, these are octopus trees. The famous Baobab tree has a fat trunk and stubby branches. This
helps them to store lots of water along with their leaves that help store water as well. All of these
characteristics help the plant survive for long periods without rain. A Baobab tree can create its own
ecosystem and support the life of many different other creatures. It can support mammals all the way
to thousands of tiny creatures crawling on its branches. Most birds make a nest in its wide branches,
baboons come to eat the fruit. Also bush babies and fruit bats like drink the nectar and they also help
pollinate the flowers on the tree. Elephants have been known to whittle down and eat an entire

Lemur Research Papers
Lemur
Have you ever heard of an animal called the Lemur? If you have, you probably don't think of them
as fascinating and amazing animals. But as I was doing my Research for this project, I realized that
they are amazing animals. They have a nose like a dog, which makes them look like dogs. They
have a Diet like a human almost. And, There are a lot of interesting facts about them, like they are
one of the most endangered animals on the planet. This essay with provide information on what the
Lemur looks like, it's habitat and diet, and some interesting facts about the Lemur. First, the
appearance of a Lemur is amazing and fascinating. Lemurs can grow up to 35 inches tall. They look
a lot smaller than that! They look smaller because normally a lemur is hunched over. Also, there are
over 105 total species of Lemurs! Some include the Mouse Lemur, ring tailed Lemur, (The ring
tailed lemur is the most common lemur Humans see.) the Black and white ruffed lemurs, and
others.The smallest species of lemurs (Mouse lemurs) can weigh as small as one ounce! That's a
very small lemur! Lemurs have night vision like a cat. There night vision is surprisingly good. These
details prove, that the appearance of a Lemur is amazing and fascinating. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One way that they don't is because they live in trees. The is why they are called arboreals. Also,
Lemurs live in all different climates. They live it rain forests, hot areas, and very dry areas. The
Lemur's live in Madagascar. Lemur's have a large diet. And they eat some food that we do. There
foods include fruits, vegetables, soft barks, nuts flowers and saps. When it isn't fruit season the
lemur's are in trouble. Fruit is what they mostly eat. If they need to do so, the lemur will eat insects
and small animals. These details prove, that a Lemur's habitat and diets are kind of like a

The Effect Of Visitor Interaction On Primate Species In Zoos
In the wild, interactions between humans and animals are often limited. In captivity, this dynamic is
altered as a result of humans being allowed to be in close proximity to the animals while they are on
display. Zoos, especially in Europe and North America, strive to educate the public about their
animals and the conservation efforts to help save them in the wild (Hosey, 2005). In order to ensure
that visitors leave the zoo feeling as if they can make a difference, visitors need to feel a connection
with the animals. A way in which this is done is to design exhibits that put the public closer to the
animals. By doing so, it is common that animals in captivity can be subject to interaction with the
guests, creating a potential for visitor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different populations have been seen reacting negatively, while others have reacted positively or
neutrally. In Wells (2005) it was suggested that crowd size had a negative impact on the gorillas at
the Belfast Zoological Gardens in Northern Ireland. The gorillas had increased aggression during
large crowd sizes and appeared less stressful during low visitor periods. However, some populations
of gorillas did not show an increase in undesirable behavior in relation to larger crowd size. In
Kuhar (2008) there were no significant findings that suggested crowd size played any role in the
behavior of the gorillas. In a study conducted by Ross and Lukas (2006) it was found that during
crowds of high density or low density alike, there were no significant differences in gorilla behavior.
Interestingly, in Wells (2006) the researchers suggest that some auditory stimulation, such as that
from visitors, can be a form of enrichment for the gorillas rather than a source of stress. Similarly, in
Stoinski et al., (2012) there were no significant effects of crowd size for some of the behaviors they
analyzed. Other behaviors they observed did change in relation to crowd size such as contact
aggression and undesirable behavior but those behaviors changes were not seen as significant and it
is suggested that crowds may affect some individuals and not

Primate Evolution
Primate Taxonomy Primate Taxonomy Introduction This first lecture is designed to introduce the
primate order in terms of its classification and to familiarise you with the animals so that the rest of
the course makes some sort of sense. I will cover a working definition of what makes a primate, give
you a general classification scheme, describe the major features that identify the groups within the
classification and discuss some of the controversial areas of the classification. I shall treat the
taxonomy as a synonym for classification which seems to be its commonest current usage, although
you should be aware that some people consider taxonomy to be more about the principles behind the
classification than the classification itself. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 6 shows a selection of mammalian skulls. The primate skulls are the two on the right and as
you can see, they have relatively short snouts. Obviously there is a huge amount of variation in
gross skull shape across the mammalian class, but certainly, on average, primate skulls tend to be
short. Elaboration of the visual apparatus, with the development of varying degrees of binocular
vision. Orbits ringed with bone. Figure 6 also shows the characteristic morphology of the primate
orbit. The eyes face forward for binoccular region, the eyes tend to be quite large, and the orbit is
either a fully enclosed cup (as in the chimp in figure 6) or a lateral post–orbital bar (as in the aye–
aye). In most other mammals (for example the bear and kangaroo), the eye is simply plastered onto
the side of the skull and held in place by soft tissue. Page 6 of 21 Primate Taxonomy Reduction of
the olfactory apparatus The reduction in the size of the snout and the increased reliance on vision
has also led to a relative reduction in the olfactory apparatus compared to many other mammals.
This is again apparent from figure 6 and is associated with the reduction in size of the snout. Loss of
certain elements of the primitive mammalian dentition. Preservation of a simple

Lar Gibbon
Lar gibbon (Hylobates lar), also known as white–handed gibbon, belongs to Hylobatidae family and
Hominoidea superfamily. They are mostly found in Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar and
Thailand and have once lived in Southwest Yunnan, China before extinction. Moving south from
southwest Yunnan, lar gibbons are found in the majority of Thailand excepting the north–eastern
areas of the country. (Gron, 2010) The range extends south through southern and eastern Myanmar
but only east of the Salween River. Their habitat was once large and ranged from China all the way
to south Asia. In Thailand alone, the population of lar gibbons probably reach a number of 20,000.
They prefer to live in forests below 1200 meters above sea level. To be more specific, ... Show more
The main method of socializing, according to my observation, is grooming. During the two–hour
time period, these two gibbons spend almost an hour grooming each other. To be more specifically,
the female gibbon groom, while the male one rest on a tree. What also astonishes me is that the
female groom exactly the same spot on the male body. It might be like what the professor suggest:
grooming may serve way more than the purpose of keeping hygiene because we expect a larger area
of the body to be groomed. It should not for reducing anxiety or heart rate because humans do not
seem to be a threat to them since they see the presence of us every day.
From what I know, fruit forms 50% of their diet. However, the only food they can consume is grass,
which is only about 30% of their diet. They might have adopted this different diet, but it is certain
that they are not the same with wild gibbons anymore. On average, females reproduce for the first
time at about 11 years of age in the wild, much later than in captivity (Gron, 2010). Living in places
where they do not belong to affects multiple aspects of their

The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration...
The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Calista Lee
Anthropology 115
The Evolution of Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
promisians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have nails in all digits except for the grooming claw on the second toe. Their arms tend to be
shorter than their legs, and they have strong hind legs for jumping, storing the elastic energy, which
allows them to jump up to 6.6 feet.
Figure I. Galago showing its hands that grasp on the branch tight.
Grade II – Tarsiers The second grade of primates evolved about 53 million years ago, in Eocene
epoch. There are five tarsier species that all live in the islands of Southeast Asia, where they inhabit
from tropical forest to backyard gardens (Jurmain, et al, 2011). They are considered to be closely
related to lemurs and lorises (prosimian family) for the several traits that they share with Grade I
primates while having some anthropoid features as well. However, tarsiers have distinctive
characteristics that isolate them from other primates. They are categorized as the smallest creatures
among the primate species and they are well known for their enormous eyes which is as large as its
brain. They are normally nocturnal insectivores but sometimes carnivorous. They catch insects by
jumping at them and as they jump from tree to tree, they even hunt for birds while in motion. The
body size grows from 4 inches to 6 inches. Being one of the smallest primates, they comparatively
have large hands and feet that

The Grandidier's Mongooses
The Fossa is the largest carnivore and top predator native to Madagascar. Fossas feed on lemurs and
almost any other creature it can find. These creatures have a similar appearances and behaviors as
animals in the feline family. Fossas have retractable claws and catlike teeth to help it capture its food
when stalking in the trees or on the ground, weather it be day or night. The Fossas ancestor, the
original ancestor of the Eupleridae family, is unknown. But through its ancestors, the Fossa is
related to Mongooses. Grandidier's Mongooses Also known as the Giant–Striped Mongoose, the
Grandidier's Mongoose is a hard creature to find. The Image result for grandidier's
mongoosetemperature in Madagascar is very hot and humid, so to keep cool the mongoose adapted
itself to burrow during the day and hunt during the night, and unlike other mongooses, the
Grandidier is very large. During the night, the mongoose eats invertebrates and other small
organisms. The Grandidier's Mongooses ancestor is the Ring–Tailed Mongoose, and through it, the
Grandidier's Mongoose is related to Narrow–Striped Mongooses. Also, through the Eupleridae
family's original ancestor, it is also related to Fossas. Narrow–Striped Mongooses ... Show more
The Narrow–Striped Mongoose is almost exactly the same as its cousin, the Grandidier's Mongoose.
Although unlike its cousin, the fossa (whom the Narrow–Striped is related to) preys on the Narrow–
Striped Mongoose. The Narrow–Striped gets its main source of food from preying on bird eggs. As
stated earlier, the Narrow–Striped Mongoose is related to the fossa and Grandidier's Mongoose (The
fossa through the original ancestor of the Eupleridae family, and the Grandidier's through the Ring–
Tailed

Evolution Of Gesture And Vocal Communication
Evolution of Gesture and Vocal Communication in Primates
Introduction
Apes are the model organisms in the field of animal communication and neuro–scientific studies.
Apes DNA is about 98.6% similar to humans possessing cognitive, emotional and psychological
characteristic which closely resemble humans. Not long ago scientists started studying primates
because of these characteristics and most of the work is in the field of cognitive and behavioral
neuroscience. Phylogenetically, primates and human fall under the same branch called Hominidae
and non–human (primates) are human's closest living relatives. Primate's method of communication
is mainly through gestures and their own language. Similarities and differences between human and
primate vocalizations can be studied for comparative research and holds a great prospective to
elucidate the evolutionary processes that formed human language and speech. Humans and primate,
both communicate through a language which is unique to them and vocal behavior and gestures are
an important trait that both the species possess. Primates also utilize this ability of vocal
communication and gestures in their social environment, be it to alert their own species or to attack
another species. Hence this property of communication have become an integrated part of their
cognitive and neuro–ecology. Therefore, I hypothesize, that primates utilize vocal communication,
call combinations, vocal learning and gestures to communicate and signal others

The Goal Of The Endangered Species Act
There are very many endangered species all around the world. If we let animals become extinct and
not do anything about it, then a lot of our food sources are going to die out. We need to start doing
stuff about endangered animals. Animals become endangered because either we over hunt them, or
we destroy their habitat.
The definition of an endangered animal is very low species that couldn't adapt(sheehan, 4–5). If
species become too endangered then they could go extinct. This happens over the course of
years(sheehan, 4–5). Around twenty–five percent of mammals are endangered(Sheehan, 5). One of
the most well – known endangered species is the giant panda, because we destroy bamboo, which is
their main food source(Sheehan, 27). The black ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ecotourism is a good way to make money by using the rain forest and saving plants and
animals(Sheehan,47). Growing crops in the outer shadows are a good way to make some money
with the rain forest(Sheehan, 47). An internet or national press campaign can be very effective for
saving endangered species(Sheehan, 47). The inuit hunt in small boats and catch only as much as
they need of as their country's quotas allow(Sheehan, 47). If more people would see the landscape as
a beautiful place then more people would want to save it(Sheehan, 47). If the people protest
engineer work and show that its hurting animal population then it could save a few species(Sheehan,

What Are Primates Unique
Question 1: What defines a primate What defines a primate? A primate is a unique and intelligent
creature. We as humans fall under the primate category, but there are several types of primates
somewhere between one–hundred and ninety and three–hundred and fifty species to be a bit more
precise. Primate are unique because of the anatomical characteristics that separate them from other
mammals. For an example their hands and feet, their shoulders and hips, and even their brain those
are only a few traits to mention that separate them from other animals. To better define and
understand primates, it is important to breakdown the primate order. Primates can be broken into
two suborders: Prosimians and Anthropoids. Prosimians are considered the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There's the one male multiple female pattern which is called polygamy, there's polyandry pattern
which is one female and multiple–male which is rare but occurs in marmosets and tamarins, another
rare pattern in the monogamous pair which is one male and one female, there is the multi–male and
multi–female groups, and there's the fission fusion society which an example of that is the
chimpanzees example. In each of these groups there is dominant male/males or in some cases
female, and in the male dominant group that male is the one that leads the group and the continues
mates with the females or groups of females. The hierarchy of these types of group are a bit
complicated, in cases the females will compete for the male to mate with them, and other males will
usually challenge the dominant male in order to mate. Non–human primates and humans have some
similarities when it comes to hierarchies, but us humans do always engage in violence to overthrow
an individual at the

The Ring Tailed Lemur
The Ring Tailed Lemur, is infamously known for it's 60 cm long, white and black striped tail. The
Lemur's underside, hands, feet, and the majority of it's face are white. The face also has a black
muzzle as well as black rings around the eyes. The rest of this particular Lemur's body is either a
light gray or a dark brown, either prominent color having a reddish tint to it. Both male and female
Lemurs are about the same size which is approximately 42.5 cm. The distinct features present in the
White Handed Gibbon are the white rings of fur around their black hairless faces and their white
hands and feet. The fur on this type of Gibbon can be either a cream, brown, or black color. Gibbons
do not have a tail but instead have an ischial callosity.

Lemur Research Paper
There are many different types of animals in Madagascar, one you know as your friendly ring tail
lemur zoboomafoo, there are many types of lemur there but the most common are ring tails. There
also is the aye aye , a small little rat with eyes as big as the moon, with ears as big as its face.
Another animal is the fossa, it is a very odd , it is like a puma and a dog mixed together.
Some of the different types of lemurs you will see in Madagascar are the bamboo lemur, black
lemur, dwarf lemur, indri, weasel lemur, mouse lemur, red–fronted brown lemur, ring tail lemur,
verreaux's sifaka, black and white ruffed lemur.
Welcome to Madagascar, a gorgeous island south west of Africa in there own world. It's a beautiful
place filled with many different types of flora and fauna. With beautiful views and landscapes. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also many historical sites in Madagascar, one of them being fort manda, its has so much
history to show you and the tour guild is fun and interactive with the group.
I Salo National Park is a National Park in the Ihorombe Region of Madagascar. The park is known
for its wide variety of terrain, including sandstone formations. The Avenue of the Baobabs, is a
magical line of trees that grow in a sertan arena with small ponds along the road with them .
Blue pool is a gorgeous lagoon surrounded by so much flora and fauna you could sit on the edge and
watch lemurs jump around and and the different types of

Primates ' Characteristic Of Primates
Primates' Characteristic Primates have some features that support them for the arboreal life. First,
primates have developed grasping extremities with the divergent hallux and nails instead of claws.
These features help them grasping branches better. Second, primates have enhanced vision with the
optic convergence, which helps them look straightforward. They also have postorbital bar to protect
the eyes. Third, primates reduced the olfaction that is not useful for arboreal life. Fourth, comparing
to the other mammals, primates have large brain consider to the body size. The large brain helps
them to process the complicating reactions, and thinking. Haplorrhines primates have some unique
derived traits: the loss of tapetum lucidum, which enhances the vision in the darkness; and
haplorhini, which is dry external nose. The anthropoid primates have developed some derived traits.
They have postorbital bar with closure, and this makes a complete bony ring surrounds the eyes.
They also have fused mandibular symphysis. The Platyrrhines have the dental formula
2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. The Catarrhines have dental formula 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3. The Cercopithecoids have the
bilophodont molars to enhance the chewing ability. The hominoids are the most developed primates,
which have some derived unique traits. They have larger brain, loss of tail, longer arms than legs,
broad thorax with more muscles, and highly mobile shoulder.
Primate Diversity Nonhuman living primates are found in five of seven

Primates : The Species Of Tropical Forests
Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of
prosimians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new
environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological
and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in
body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this
information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to
the transforming environments interacting with natural selection, primates developed their own
ways to move better (meaning changes in locomotion) with different types of bodies (meaning
changes in body configuration). Grade I – Lemuroids Lemuroids, including true lemurs, lorises and
galagos are the most primitive ones among the living primates. As they are the first grade of
primates, they evolved in about 65 million years ago, in Paleocene epoch. Lemurs and lorises are the
most primitive because they are more close to ancestral traits such as their reliance on olfaction,
which enhances the sense of smell. Having dental comb, which formed by forward–projecting lower
incisors and canines for feeding and grooming claw on the second toe are some distinguishable
identities. Lemurs are only found on Madagascar and its adjacent islands. They vary in numerous
species and ecological niches since they

Primate Evolution Essay
Primates have been evolving for millions of years and during this time they have adapted into
ecosystems in which they live in. Through the process of primate evolution, the most significant
impact was their changes in body structure and locomotion. Evolution is the process by which
different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms
during the history of the earth. Improving body structures and speed of movement made it possible
for the primates to escape predators and survive hostile environments. Throughout the Epoch of
Cenozoic Grades, primates developed four different types of locomotion in order to adapt to the new
environment.
Grade I Lemuroids Some of the greatest diversity of lemurs are in Madagascar, where more than 30
species are represented ( UKessays 2015). They have not changed much in the Evolutionary
timeline. This helps in understanding primate evolution because we can study them first hand.
Lemurs range in size from one ounce to 22 pounds. The Ring–tailed lemur is one of the best known
family members of the Lemuroids. They move quadrupedally in the trees and the ground. Their
spines are shaped for walking quadrupedally, but are able to hop bipedally. The lemur's spine ...
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For the New World monkeys, their long hands and legs are used for movement through the trees
swiftly. The monkeys had to develop speed in order to run away from predators and keep their food
stash safe from other animals. Their hind muscles have grown to more than a meter over time for
this speed. The general body growth has increased throughout time. The spine has allowed them to
grow two more feet. They can leap further than other primates because of this. Their tails have
developed long and strong; It's like another arm for them. They use it to hold on to branches, called
a prehensile tail, and use it for leaping and for

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