Chronic Pain Vs Rehabilitation

Chronic Pain Vs Rehabilitation
Pain defined as an unpleasant physical suffering or sensation that is set off in the nervous system
and affects a broad range of population from neonates to elderly. Pain can be either acute in nature
which could last for few days to a week, sub–acute (two weeks to twelve weeks) or chronic in
nature (lasts more than twelve weeks to years or even decades). In the world of rehabilitation, acute
pain is seen as a warning sign and can be treated whereas chronic pain is more complex but
treatable. Physical therapists often treat patients suffering from chronic pain that is physically
disabling in nature. Evidence points out that pain is the universal complaint in emergency
department visits and opioids, namely morphine is the norm of treatment of
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Chronic Pain Research Paper
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) implies that acute pain, left
untreated, can lead to chronic pain. Chronic pain affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease
and cancer combined and leads the cause of long–term disability in America.
The first step in taking control is determining which type of pain you have.
Acute pain can be brief or last for months. Acute pain goes away after the cause has been treated.
Chronic pain is ongoing. Chronic pain lingers for months or years and can impact your physical and
emotional well–being.
Here are simple ways to help manage your chronic pain:
Watch Your Diet: According to Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, staying away
from processed foods can mitigate inflammation. Incorporate leafy greens (spinach, kale and
collards), omega–3 fatty acids, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Try to avoid diuretics such as coffee, soda, or juice.
Foods to Avoid: Certain chemicals in foods can cause inflammation. Avoid eating dairy, grain–fed
meat, refined grains, chocolate, tropical fruit, processed foods, eggs and caffeine.
Turmeric: Turmeric is an antioxidant that exhibits anti–inflammatory properties to alleviate arthritis,
muscle sprains and other chronic pain. Before incorporating turmeric into your daily cooking,
consult with your physician to ensure that you have no pre–existing conditions that may be impaired
by turmeric consumption. Excessive intake can cause complications with several medications and
treatments.
Yoga and Meditation: Chronic pain changes the brain structure linking to depression, anxiety and
impaired mental function. Yoga has a differing effect on the brain and can relieve chronic pain by
promoting strength and flexibility while calming the mind to reduce stress. Stress is known to cause
muscles to spasm. Practicing asana, the postures of yoga, breathing and meditation, trains your body
to

Chronic Pain Informative Essay
Millions of people suffer with chronic pain; making it the top reason people go see the doctor. With
a price tag of at least $635 billion a year, that's more than cancer, heart disease and diabetes
combined. While powerful painkillers help many folks cope, many people don't want to have to rely
on a bottle of pills for the rest of their life.
Dr. Fatima Salas, with the Grace Health System Pain Management Center, says many patients are
concerned about dependency or addiction. "People say 'I want to feel like myself again and clear–
headed.' They want to try everything else before resorting to drugs." Dr. Salas will work with you to
develop the best line of treatment for your chronic pain–with and without drugs.
One popular pain therapy is nerve blocks. There are several different kinds that your doctor ... Show
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They include chiropractic manipulation, massage and physical therapy. Many patients who tried
spinal injections found them to be very helpful, although the techniques their doctors used varied.
One of the top treatments, though, is plain old exercise. While many people with chronic pain are
scared to move, experts say exercise could be considered as close to a magic bullet than anything
else.
When pain patients get a move on, they are often pleasantly surprised at how well they feel. In fact,
a recent survey of more than 14,000 people, Consumer Reports found the best pain reliever was
exercise. Dr. Salas adds exercise and losing weight "benefits your overall health, as well as pain."
Doctors say spinal cord stimulation is also very effective for most chronic pain, if appropriate. It
involves electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to interrupt pain signals from the spinal cord to the
brain, and to trade a painful sensation with a more pleasant tingling sensation. Unlike other
remedies, stimulation can be tried on a temporary

Chronic Back Pain
Definition of the condition:
Chronic Pain is described as a long lasting pain that people experience beyond a normal healing
time (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). This time is usually up to three or six months prior to an
incident (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). Chronic back pain can include common diagnosis of
muscle spasms, back strain, or myofasical syndrome (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). There are three
different types of chronic back pain; simple musculoskeletal back pain, spinal nerve root pain and
serious spinal pathology (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). (Hasenbring, 2012)
Causes/ aetiology:
There is suggested evidence that a number of anatomical structures such as, bones, intervertebral
discs, muscles, ligaments, joints and neural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To investigate the signs of nerve root damage, the femoral stretch test and straight leg raise test is
used to diagnose spinal nerve root back pain (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). These neurological tests
help to reveal whether there are sensory, motor or reflex abnormalities in the body (Jackson &
Simpson, 2006). If there is a suspicion of serious spinal pathology, investigations need to be
assigned to eliminate the possibilities of infection, inflammation or tumours (Jackson & Simpson,
2006).
Medical and other treatments:
The main goal for treating chronic back pain is to get rid of the pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010) and
increase physical and social functions of the body (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). There are different
ways of treating chronic back pain, which includes medication, physical therapies, interventional
treatment, spinal cord stimulation, acupuncture or surgery, depending on the severity of pain that is
experienced (Jackson & Simpson, 2006).
There is strong evidence to suggest that non–steroidal, anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help
manage back pain (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). Opioids are also used to manage back pain (Jackson
& Simpson, 2006). The use of NSAIDs over a long period of time requires assessments of risks and
benefits (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). It is important that

Chronic Pain In Older Adults
Chronic pain in older adults is defined as ''an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage, for persons
who are either aged (65 to 79 years old) or very aged (80 and over) and who have had pain for
greater than 3 months'' (Lynch, 2000, p.270). The consequences of chronic pain may also be related
to impaired activities of daily living (ADLs), physical disability, accidents, gait abnormalities,
polypharmacy, and cognitive decline in older adults (Mantyselka et al., 2001; Kaye et al., 2010;
Shega et al., 2010). Therefore, chronic pain has negative affects on older adults, their families, and
social relationships. The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal of Pain ... Show more content on
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This problem usually occurs sooner in women, and can lead to bone fractures due to osteoporosis
(Kart et al., 1992). Women have higher levels of pain severity and more disabilities than men
(Fillingim et al., 2009). Therefore, elderly people with musculoskeletal pain avoid physical activity
because of increasing pain. Eventually, this tendency for them to engage in less physical activity
will lead to a declining physical function, especially when muscle weakness is accompanied by joint
pain, joint instability, and

Pain, Acute Pain And Chronic Pain
Pain is an experience that involves both the mind and the body. It is an uncomfortable feeling that
signals your brain that there may be something wrong with your body. Pain is an irritating and
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience which may be caused by a damage in the tissues, one
's beliefs or thoughts, or environmental stressors such as one 's job or traffic. Pain is a significant
stress both physically and emotionally. It may cause discomfort, distress or agony. It may be steady
or throbbing. It maybe stabbing, aching or pinching.
In the past, many people thought that pain was a result of a damaged tissues. However now the
researchers have come to find out that pain is an intricate process that might or might not include
tissue damage and most likely involves social, psychological and emotional factors, which can
either cause, increase, or decrease painful sensations.
There are two types of pain, acute pain and chronic pain.
Acute pain is a short– lasting pain, which can be easily described and observed. Acute pain begins
suddenly and is a sharp pain. It 's a warning of a disease or a threat to the body. Acute pain might be
just mild and may last for a moment, or it may be severe and last for weeks or months. Acute pain
does not last longer than 6 months. If the pain lasts longer than 6 months than it may proceed on to
chronic pain.
Chronic pain tends to affect a person's whole life including a change in their personality, the
activities they used to

Management of Chronic Pain
Introduction
Long term condition (LTC) is a health problem that cannot be cured, at present, but can be managed
by medication or therapies' (Snodden., 2010: p1). There are more than 15 million people in England
that are suffering from long term conditions (Department of Health., 2013). Long–term conditions
are more common in older people. The percentages of people of over 60 having a LTC is 58 per cent
compared to under that is 14 per cent (Department of Health, 2012). LTC is also more predominant
in more deprived groups, such as the poorest social class as it has 60 per cent higher prevalence than
of those in the richest social class. (Department of Health, 2012).
According to The World Health Organisation (1999), defined pain as an unpleasant sensory or
emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of
such damage. Pain is traditionally described as acute or chronic pain. The prevalence of chronic pain
(CP) is higher than of acute of pain, as it affects 7.8 million people of all ages in the UK (Chronic
Pain Policy Coalition., 2006). The current leading cause of mortality that is accounting for 60% of
all deaths is due to chronic diseases and is also a problem as causes an increasing burden on the
health care service (World Health Organisation., 2007). CP can affect a person's quality of life if
managed poorly, statistics shows that 25% of people lose their job and 22% leads to depression.
(Chronic Pain Policy Coalition.,

Chronic Pain Vs Chronic Pain Essay
There are several stages of pain and ways how people get hurt. It is important to learn about pain
and how we feel pain.what makes the pain we feel from sham and jealous so cutting is that vanity's
can give us no assistance in bearing them this quote is from françois de la rochefoucauld.
There are several point in the pain pathway where the signal can be modify your nervous system is
made up of two main parts your brain and your spinal cord. Doctors and other professional use a
person pain as a clue in figuring out what's wrong about 70% of people with chronic pain treated
with pain medication. While care has grown more sophisticated the most effective care still is not
widely available.
Now we ask the question why do people care for pain? People care for pain ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many types of pain chronic pain last longer than acute pain and it's generally somewhat
resistant to medical.Even though the experience episodes of what's called a breakthrough. Both
acute and chronic pain can be debilitating, and both can affect and be affected by a person state of
mind. But pain––whether it comes from a bee sting,a broken bone, or a long term illness is also an
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience it has multiple causes and people respond to it in
multiple and individual ways.
What happens if did not feel pain? We'd die quickly.pain only exists to alert the mind that the body
is in danger and/or being damaged it's just a feedback loop without it you may slice open your
leg,never notice it and bleed out. Pain is a defense mechanism to avoid further injury and a signal
for healing to start so it's simple no pain no healing and damage will continue.
Who first discover pain? In 1664 treatise of a man named Rene descartes theorized that the body
was more similar to a machine, and that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers
until the disturbance reaches the

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Chronic Pain
SPONDYLOSIS – CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME
Introduction and Definition of Chronic Pain
About 100 million Americans suffer from Chronic Pain, defined as pain that lasts longer than six
months. Chronic pain can be mild or excruciating, episodic or continuous, merely inconvenient or
totally incapacitating. With chronic pain, signals of pain remain active in the nervous system for
months or even years. This can take both a physical and emotional toll on a person.
Causes and Etiology of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain can be caused by many different factors. Often conditions that accompany normal
aging may affect bones and joints in ways that cause chronic pain. Other common causes are nerve
damage and injuries that fail to heal properly. The most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even the body 's most basic defenses may be compromised: There is considerable evidence that
unrelenting pain can suppress the immune system. Because of the mind–body links associated with
chronic pain, effective treatment requires addressing psychological as well as physical aspects of the
condition.
Some kinds of chronic pain have numerous causes. Back pain, for example, may be caused by a
single factor, or any combination of these factors:
Years of poor posture
Improper lifting and carrying of heavy objects
being overweight, which puts excess strain on the back and knees
A congenital condition such as curvature of the spine
Traumatic injury
Wearing high heels
Sleeping on a poor mattress
No obvious physical cause
Ordinary aging of the spine (degenerative changes)
Disease can also be the underlying cause of chronic pain. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and
Fibromyalgia are well–known culprits, but persistent pain may also be due to such ailments as
Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Stomach Ulcers, AIDS, and gallbladder disease.
In many cases, however, the source of chronic pain can be a very complex and even mysterious
issue to untangle. Although it may begin with an injury or illness, ongoing pain can develop a
psychological dimension after the physical problem has healed. This fact alone makes

Managing Chronic Pain
7 Practical Ways to Manage Your Chronic Pain
Pain can be unbearable. However, pain is a type of language that the body uses to communicate
when something is wrong. Pain can appear suddenly or build slowly. It is important to have acute
pain treated so it doesn't become chronic.
Normally, chronic pain is caused by severe injuries or diseases, some of which could include spinal
injury, trauma, thoracotomy, spinal surgery, and arthritis.
Whatever the cause, there are some practical ways you can manage your chronic pain and ease its
persistent effects.
1. Practice Relaxation Techniques
One of the ways to deal with pain is by directly addressing its physical or emotional causes.
Relaxation is very important when it comes to chronic pain management, as it helps reduce pain
without the use of synthetic chemicals or drugs.
There are some techniques that can help reduce problems that worsen ... Show more content on
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As such, it will be easy and practical to manage such pain by making sure your body stays well
hydrated. Water is always the best source of hydration, as it does not contain caffeine, sodium, or
extra calories.
If you are dealing with a chronic condition and want to stay hydrated, avoid the use of processed
juices, coffee, and sodas since these have diuretic effects that only increase your need for hydration.
3. Eat the Right Food
Your diet plays a very important role in pain management, especially if your pain is chronic. Some
of the foods you consume on a daily basis could aggravate chronic pain and should be avoided. Junk
food, for example, can increase inflammation.
Instead, consume foods known to alleviate inflammation. The best foods are those high in omega–3
fatty acids and low in sugar. You should consider leafy greens, fermented soy products, fruits,
asparagus, cherries, and berries. 4. Use the Right Mattress, Pillow, and Bedding for

The Pain Of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
A study from the Pain Journal found that chronic musculoskeletal pain was more common than
chronic neuropathic pain, however, neuropathic pain was found to be more severe and debilitating.
Studies show that approximately 65%–85% of individuals with spinal cord injuries suffer from
chronic pain. Many patients with spinal cord injuries will develop "severe/excruciating" neuropathic
pain below the level of their injury. (Siddall et all, 2003). United States SCI veterans are susceptible
to chronic neuropathic pain due to a wide range of contributing factors that include trauma, post–
traumatic stress disorder, surgery, anesthesia, prolonged immobilization, depression and anxiety, and
mental illness – or a combination of any aforementioned. Many of our SCI patients are on heavy
pain medications that limit them from activities of daily living and affect their ability to participate
in scheduled therapies in the hospital. For example, when our patients are on opioid medications,
they are unable to drive which directly affects their ability to function normally in society.
Additionally, these medications can lead to patients unwilling to leave the house or hospital because
it will interfere with their regular drug administration times. In both of these instances, the patient's
day becomes dependent upon drug administration.
Pain is described by Siddall as, "an unpleasant sensory and/or emotional experience associated with
actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms

Chronic Pain Essay
The intended audience, is people with chronic or acute pain (2). The audience also includes
veterans, working families, the elderly, and other people who experience pain. I know this because
virtual reality can help veterans with their PTSD (6). A growing number of scientists and
entrepreneurs are using it to treat medical conditions, including PTSD and chronic pain." (3). At the
University of Southern California, researchers virtually recreate battle scenarios for veterans to treat
their PTSD (6).
The intended purpose of this article is to promote that virtual–reality can help people manage their
pain. The writer begins the article with her experience using virtual–reality, "Snowflakes fall around
me as I float above a river, weaving through an icy wonderland. I toss a fish to an otter, and it
shivers with glee. Then, as I exit a cave full of colorful rocks, I flow into a bright ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The writer provides evidence, research, and her experience to prove her main point. She mentions,
"A growing number of scientists and entrepreneurs are using it to treat medical conditions, including
PTSD and chronic pain." (3). Early research has shown that for people with chronic or acute pain,
having a relaxing experience, can offer a much needed reprieve–not just during the treatment but for
days after." (2). The author's minor claims is that virtual–reality is not as effective for psychological
conditions (4). The writer mentions, "Psychological conditions like social anxiety disorder, a 2015
study showed in–person therapy worked better than VR." (4). Bernie Garrett mentions, "There are
definitely some benefits, but we don't understand what they are." (4). Virtual–reality has benefits for
chronic pain, but had no benefits for psychological conditions (4). Virtual reality is a new type of
treatment, and needs to have more research be done

Example Of Chronic Back Pain
Chronic back and leg pain
Chronic back pain is usually experienced in the lower back, but can also spread to the legs or feet.
The triggering cause of the pain can be a variety of spinal diseases or injuries.
There are many factors that contribute to chronic back and leg pain, which is an extremely
embarrassing and debilitating condition. Examples of such factors as:
– The original illness was not completely treated or have come back.
– Complications arise after back surgery or in connection with the natural healing process after back
surgery. Examples of this may be a part that becomes irritated due to change of posture or
movement patterns after surgery. Another example is when the scarring after surgery causes the
nerves become over–active

Chronic Pain Relief At Ease
Chronic pain has plugged into thousands and millions of people in this fast developing world. There
are number of cases found suffering from chronic pain conditions and takes a long period of time to
recover. People tempt to get chronic pain relief through some natural ways. Around 50 to 80
millions of Americans are suffering form chronic pain condition. The chronic pain if treated at an
earlier stage can be well treated but if it sustains for a longer period than the situation can become
worse. Chronic pain relives the flow of harmful hormones, such as cortisol which plays a major role
in adversely affecting the immune system and kidney function.
Chronic pain relief has now emerged with new and great techniques and treatments. The researchers
and surgeons are now enhanced with effective drugs to implant and electrical stimulation. The birth
of chronic pain can be due to various reasons like from an accident affecting much too sensitive
veins and muscles, back injuries, an injury caused while playing sport, and chronic pain can also be
occur from health conditions like migraines, diabetes, arthritis, shingles, and cancer. It is not
important that a person will be suffering from chronic pain only; he may suffer from acute pain too.
The acute pain causes are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A patient can opt to treat in a natural or surgical way. Acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy or
if any alternative therapy are some natural ways which can be best suited for your health. In
acupuncture you just need to locate the pressure points to heal the body pain and feel relax and
comfortable. Acupuncture is done by way of needles and acupressure is done by way of hands. This
therapy gives the relaxation to our muscles helps to keep your mind calm. Even doing medication
acts as assistance to cure your chronic back pain relief. Pain relief supplements can provide only
temporary

The Problem Of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain has burdened its victims with major difficulties that often span beyond the physical
discomfort to psychological, social, and economic well–being (1). The prevalence of non–cancerous
chronic pain in Europeans ranges from 8%–60% across many studies involving different methods
and populations. Nearly 1 in 4 adults in Europe report experiencing chronic pain which affects their
daily lives (1) and 30% of Americans report chronic pain (2). In particular, 1% of all individuals in
the developed world experience rheumatoid arthritis and these rates are growing with an
increasingly older and less healthy population (3). While many studies have focused on the medical
aspects of chronic pain, it is a crucial responsibility of medical ... Show more content on
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Although anxiety and depression are common among chronic pain patients seeking medical care,
they are often hard to detect (4).
In order to ensure the most comprehensive patient care and satisfaction, it is critical to investigate
physician and patient interactions during a medical consultation (4–6). Recent research suggests
outcomes are related to communication (7,8). Physicians need to be aware not to discourage patients
from sharing sensitive information while still conducting the medical aspects of the consultation.
Typically, the medical aspects dominate the consultation so it is not surprising that patients wishing
to talk about particular worries or concerns give somewhat indirect or underlying cues or "clues"
which are hard to detect (4). Some studies show that patient satisfaction is not affected by physician
reaction to cues and concerns (9), while others have found the opposite––that indeed responsiveness
is related to patient satisfaction (10). If we can better understand patient communication–– whether
explicit or implied, ––we will have a greater ability to understand how physicians can best
communicate in consultation to guide the patient to disclose concerns (11).
Although it is understood that a physician's ability to communicate has a great effect on the patient,
the training in this area is still deficient (5,12). Medical students are more likely to give

Acute Pain Vs. Chronic Pain
1. The difference between acute pain and chronic pain is based on their characteristics such as
causes, function, and neuron structure. Acute pain travels along the spinothalamic tract to the
sensory–motor cortex, as chronic pain is less localized in the anterolateral pathway to the brainstem.
The fibers that are used in acute pain are myelinated fibers that carry signals rapidly, and when there
is no stimulation the signal stops. Unlike chronic pain where the fibers are unmyelinated, carry
signals slowly, and the signal does not stop when stimulation stops. In chronic pain, there is also
continuing tissue damage, as the nociceptive pathway neurons become more sensitive. In acute pain,
there are tissue damages, but it is not continuous as

Symptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Pain
When it comes to chronic pain, you can 't manage it yourself. Many members of the healthcare
community advise pain killers as the primary method of treating serious, chronic pain. If this has
been your experience – you are not alone. Most people who suffer with chronic relentless pain are
given a prescription for pain medication and sent on their way. There are other, safer and more
healthy ways to manage your pain – besides pain medication and/or surgery. Chronic pain sufferers
often lose hope that there are other ways besides medication to help with their pain. You can stop
trying to self–manage your pain because there is help.
Types of pain
Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts for six months or longer. Did you know that there are
nearly 100 million people in our country who suffer from chronic, daily pain? These are the cases
that are documented – many people suffer in silence.
Comprehensive pain management
Doctors who offer comprehensive pain management will objectively look at all of your body 's
systems in order to evaluate and treat the source of your pain. They will view your overall health to
better diagnose and treat the pain you are experiencing.
Alternative methods of treating pain
You may not be acquainted with some of the alternative ways that your pain can be successfully
managed.
Chiropractic adjustments
Acupuncture
Massage therapy
Herbal medicine
Chiropractic adjustments. Subluxations, or misalignments of the vertebrae, is what occurs when the

Chronic Pain
Brandy Shields
Mrs. Knutsen
ENC1101–83
16 April 2014
Chronic Pain: Curable or Not
Abstract
Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the
same in every patient. In fact most patients present with different symptoms and associated
pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a
single practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative
health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely complex, because of this treatment needs
to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health
care professionals
Chronic pain is an increasing problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also pain may start with a disease or injury that persists due to stress emotional problems, improper
treatment, or persistent abdominal pain signals in the body. It is possible for chronic pain to occur
any previous injury illness or known cause. Therefore, patients suffering with chronic pain
significantly benefit from a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Often you
achieve optimal care several different health professionals may be involved in patient care
alternative care to the traditional medical phonological could include but is not limited to traditional
chiropractic care nutritional diet yoga exercise acupuncture meditation support groups soft tissue
therapies and network chiropractic. Often, they cannot be cured, that it can be managed well enough
through these alternative disciplines of care to improve the quality of life.
Medical Treatment
Most medical treatment for chronic pain includes from pharmaceutical treatments for pain
management, which can range from over–the–counter medicines like aspirin to prescription drugs.
The problem with chronic pain management treatments that involve drugs is that they lose their
effectiveness. Worse they actually can create more chronic or that can add to the chronic pain cycle.
This class of opiate, opiate like narcotics

Chronic Pain Vs Acute Pain
No the brain does not perceive acute and chronic pain differently. The perception of pain is
subjective to each individual person based on his or her own mood, emotional state, and prior
experience. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that there is no difference
between someone with chronic pain compared to a person with an acute pain. The fMRI shows that
pain perception and related brain stimulation patterns were virtually undistinguishable between
chronic and acute pain. Most of the United States medical field does not understand nor manage
chronic pain well. They look at pain as a physical symptom but it's mainly psychological. We keep
running the same neurons that produce pain and they get better at producing pain,

Assignment On Chronic Pain Loging
Module 13–Discussion 2–Chronic Illness and Disability
Chronic Pain Journal Article
1. This assignment will be completed either in pairs or triads. View The Mystery of Chronic Pain.
Then, go to the American Chronic Pain website. Look at the Communication Tools. Be sure to
review the Pain Log.
a. Discuss your reaction to the video and to the pain scale/log. Consider the following questions:
My reaction to the video is that the most simple and light object can cause pain to a person who is
dealing with chronic pain. It makes a certain area on an individual's body that is in pain, a very
sensitive spot/area. An area on an individual's body that have pain does send signals of the pain to
the brain, and back to the affected area. In my opinion, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research will be done in advance before meeting a client, so that I can be fully aware of his or
her medical condition. I would do my research, by looking at Internet sources, scholarly articles, and
books to become knowledgeable of a client's condition, and what is efficient to assist my client
internally and externally. The research that I will know beforehand will help me to maintain a
professional relationship with my client(s).
3. What did you learn from the Pain Log?
What I have learned from the Pain Log is that it wants to know more about an individual internally
and externally. It is based on a scale of 0 (highest) to 10 (lowest) on what an individual do, and how
he or she feels. The Pain Log is something new to me, and should be in doctor offices, and hospitals.
Even though there is a simple overall pain log of what level of pain currently experiencing;
however, this pain log is different, by including other important questions about an individuals well
being.
b. Find a scholarly article that deals with working with people who have chronic pain.
1. Save the article as a pdf. Upload the article in doc

Essay On Chronic Pain
Introduction Chronic pain is one of the most frequent diagnosis and the most common problem for
which elderly patients in the clinical setting seek help. Chronic pain refers to an unpleasant,
distressful and uncomfortable feeling. Studies have shown that chronic pain is often undertreated
even when the prevalence rates and syndromes are well understood. The means of relief are within
practitioners' capabilities to provide care. With careful assessment and a comprehensive plan of care
that addresses the various aspects of the patients needs; chronic pain can be controlled in the vast
majority of cases. Thus, awareness and provision of basic and specialized interventions can ensure
comfort and improve quality of life. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientists have found that repeated pain from an acute injury changes the way the brain lets you
know you have pain. Even after the injury has healed pain messages replay over and over again.
However, with the implementation of the concept of chronic pain, elderly patients can remain active
and productive if their pain is adequately relieved. As nurses caring for our elderly patients can help
advocate for better pain relief when we encounter patients who are not appropriately receiving
treatment for their chronic pain. As healthcare providers, we can effectively provide pain control by
careful prescription, frequent re–evaluation and combining treatments to achieve better pain control.
Types of Pain Pain can usually be defined as nociceptive or neuropathic. It is important to
differentiate among different types of pain because the type of treatment is largely dictated by the
pain mechanism and its original source. In some conditions, pain appears to be caused by complex
mix of nociceptive and neuropathic factors. In these cases, an initial nervous system dysfunction or
injury trigger the neural release of inflammatory mediators and subsequent neurogenic inflammation
– migraine headaches, for example, are most likely a mix of neuropathic and nociceptive pain.
Nociceptive Pain. Nociceptive pain is typically the result of a musculoskeletal or visceral injury or
disease and includes somatic and visceral mechanisms. Primary afferent

Physical Therapy And Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is a huge issue for many people. A lot of people with chronic pain become depressed
because they can't move or do simple tasks without being in a great amount of pain. Chronic pain
can be caused by osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, and
neuropathic pain, which is caused by injury to tissues or nerves. Physical therapy helps chronic pain
patients become stronger, so they're able to move better. Physical therapy can also teach people how
to move safely and function better than they used to with chronic pain. Exercise can involve walking
on a treadmill or swimming in a pool. Physical therapy helps to build strength in the muscles, builds
endurance, stability in the joints, and flexibility in the muscles and joints. Keeping a regular exercise
routine will also help control chronic pain. Regular exercise from physical therapy will help people
maintain the ability to move and function properly, and prevent people from becoming disabled by
their chronic pain. The less a person moves, the more pain a person will experience. The more
physical therapy a person receives, the more they learn to control their pain, the less pain they feel,
and they'll be more able to function in society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a person's injuries keep them from standing or moving around, physical therapy can make it easier
to get around. Hands on treatments and certain exercise can improve joint and muscle mobility,
which will lead to better function. People will be able to do daily activities when they have more
mobility, such as, going to the grocery store, doing household chores, and taking care of their
children. Having improved mobility will also help to prevent further injuries. For example, with
people who have multiple sclerosis, physical therapy can help those with the disease to improve
their mobility and keep their independence as a person, with decreasing some of the more severe
effects of the

When the human body receives an injury or infection, there is a crucial period in which the body
heals itself. During this period of rehabilitation, the body is desperately trying to return to its
original state. This is called acute pain, or pain that is directly related to tissue damage (paper cut,
broken arm, and so on). If something disrupts this process, the injury can later manifest itself as
chronic pain. *IChronic pain is defined as "pain that lasts longer than 3 months." Chronic pain can
also be caused by nerve damage, spinal conditions, surgeries, and so on.*D Symptoms of chronic
pain often include:
Persistent mild to severe pain
Shooting, burning, aching pain
Sleeplessness
Fatigue
Depression
Anxiety
Weakened immune system *F Unfortunately, chronic pain is the most challenging and type of pain
to heal because changes in the nervous system at a molecular level occur.*J In attempts to heal
chronic pain, Western doctors have one goal in mind, "Treat the pain itself, whether or not the
underlying cause is treatable" H (Wyngaarden 104). The easiest way to fix the pain itself is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was once believed that acupuncture worked because it destabilized the body's natural flow of
energy that had been disrupted. However, recent research shows that acupuncture is able to stimulate
physical reactions in the body such as heart rate, blood pressure, and immune system responses. In
other words, acupuncture arouses the body's natural healing abilities. Regulation of red and white
blood cell counts are crucial to a healing body. Acupuncture is also able to trigger the production of
endorphins, the body's natural pain killer, to reduce a patient's pain. *AAcupuncture releases the
substances and inhibits pain signal pathways to the spinal cord.*G This is much safer than using
western pain killers because the risk of addiction is not

Classification Of Chronic Persistent Pain
Classification of Chronic Persistent Pain
Nociceptive pain is pain resulting when special nerve endings (nociceptors) are stimulated. A classic
example is the initial pain from a burn. It is often the pain of the acute phase but may become
chronic. Patients complain of sharp and aching pain. It is part of many chronic pain conditions and
therefore was not given its own category in table 1.
CPP is pain that was expected to resolve, but lasting longer than 3 months, or beyond the usual
course or disease causing the pain. The pain, and its causes are frequently multifactorial, and maybe
exacerbated by pathophysiology, psychosocial, environmental (loss of work) factors, and physical
disability.12,13 Pain can aggravate other medical, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the time, the pain is distributed in a neurological distribution. There maybe impairment in
mood, quality of life, and activities of daily living.20 Sensory deficit may present in a glove and
stocking (peripheral neuropathy), dermatomal (mononeuropathy), or hemispheric (stroke)
distribution. Palpation of the skin may show coolness and mottling in a neurological distribution
(autonomic neuropathy).17 Depending on the history and clinical findings, work up may include
chemistry profile, CBC, CRP, ESR, TSH, free T4, vitamin B1, B6, B12, RPR, HIV, Lyme titer, and
ANA. One may also consider MRI, CT, EMG, nerve conduction velocity, nerve biopsy, and skin
biopsy.
Fibromyalgia (FM): The diagnosis of FM has been controversial over the years; it was felt to be a
"garbage" diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed as "hysterics," and told their pain was "imagined."
Even though we do not understand its pathogenesis completely, an increasing body of abnormal
findings compared to controls supports the diagnosis, and alterations in the CNS may contribute to
the chronic pain of FM.21 FM is the result of centrally–mediated augmentation of pain and sensory
process.21 This is supported by increased levels of various pain neurotransmitters, glutmate and
substance P,22,23 and fMRI data demonstrated low intensity stimuli in patients with fibromyalgia
comparable to high intensity stimuli in controls.24
Patients present with diffuse pain, fatigue, and insomnia. Fibromyalgia tender

Pain is one of the most recurrent nursing diagnosis and the most common problem for which
patients in the clinical setting seek the most help. In a common perspective, pain can refer to
distressful, unpleasant, and a painful feeling. Pain is a critical problem in the health care system and
it affects more people than diabetes, heart disease and cancer combined. Chronic pain can begin
with an injury or a problem such as a problem in the lower back. Also, it can be related to
headaches, back pain, joint pain, nerve pain, or other local symptoms. There are millions of people
who suffer from chronic pain every year which effects the emotional and financial stability of the
patient and their families.
Definition of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is based on the view that acute pain signals damage tissue, whereas chronic pain
results from central and peripheral sensitization in which pain is constant after nociceptive inputs
have weakened. Defining chronic pain by duration does not indicate whether long lasting pain is
clinically significant. Some people that may have low back pain can have normal lives. Patients with
unrelieved chronic pain problems often results in the inability to work which can lead the patients
unable to pay for their health insurance (AAPM Facts and Figures on Pain, 2011). Chronic pain is
known as pain that is persisting. There are pain signals that keep firing in the nervous system for two
or more months. Another source states that the pain must last more than

A Story Of A Chronic Pain: Adult
Chronic Pain, Adult
Chronic pain is a type of pain that lasts or recurs for at least six months. You may have chronic
headaches, abdominal pain, or body pain. Chronic pain may be related to an illness, such as
fibromyalgia or complex regional pain syndrome. Sometimes the cause of chronic pain is not
known.
Chronic pain can make it hard for you to do daily activities. If not treated, chronic pain can lead to
other health problems, including anxiety and depression. Treatment depends on the cause and
severity of your pain. You may need to work with a pain specialist to come up with a treatment plan.
The plan may include medicine, counseling, and physical therapy. Many people benefit from a
combination of two or more types of treatment to control

Assessment Of Chronic Pain
Assessment
Assessment of chronic pain first begins with understanding what chronic pain is. Chronic pain is any
pain with or without obvious injury that lasts longer than the expected healing period. Like many
chronic diseases, it has periods of remission, an absence of symptoms, and exacerbation, an increase
in the severity of the symptoms. A recent study suggested that chronic pain affects about 80% of
elders in nursing homes. (Pateinakis, 2013) Proper treatment of chronic pain begins with gathering
subjective and objective data about the client's pain. Before meeting with the client determine rather
or not the client is capable of communicating about his or her pain. If the client is aphasic or
severely demented, it may be necessary to ask family members and/or caregivers to be present
during the interview to help answer questions. Even if the patient is able to communicate effectively,
they may be more comfortable with loved ones nearby. Review any comorbidities that may be
affecting the pain or even causing the pain. Also, note all medications the client is currently taking
including herbal supplements and over the counter drugs, to prevent polypharmacy or even identify
polypharmacy that is occurring already.
Next, begin a focused interview. COLDSPA can be used effectively to gather all the specific
information about the pain itself. Character is the description of the sign or symptom. Onset is when
it began. Location is where is it and if it is localized pain or

Chronic Pain Research
Living with constant pain can be debilitating and it can be a huge detriment in one's life. Chronic
pain can impair an individual's ability to participate in almost every day life regimes. Research has
shown that chronic pain negatively impacts an individual's ability to maintain social connections
(Lennon, Link, Marbach, & Dohrenwend, 1989), employment and ability to undertake activities of
daily living (Andersson, 1999). Chronic pain is significantly related to a range of mental health
difficulties, as well as reduced subjective well–being. A meta–analysis of chronic pain research
suggests that there is an interaction between a patient's symptoms of depression and the severity of
their chronic pain (Tunks, Crook, & Weir, 2008), and that chronic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
once said "The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.
Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education". The key here is to educate the
doctors and get them to educate their patients about opioids and their potent side effects. The more
educated the patient is the more likely they will make a well informed decision. Therapeutic patient
education is a method that was established for the purpose of enabling health care professionals to
pass on their knowledge and expertise to patients so that patients can become partners in their own
care (Vargas–Schaffer & Cogan, 2014). By allowing the patient to engage in the educated decision
making, it gives them a certain level of responsibility for his or her own health. While this is the first
step to diagnosis of chronic pain, this can allow patient to explore other non–steroidal anti–
inflammatory drugs, such as acupuncture, physiotherapy and physical exercise. This would
transform what is now a solely medically driven, pharmacologic approach to pain management into
a patient–centered, multidisciplinary, complementary, and integrative medicine approach, and
maintain the patient as an active participant at the center of the pain management strategy (Vargas–
Schaffer & Cogan, 2014). Again, this is very important because with increased knowledge, patients
modify their attitudes, improve their skills, and raise their aspirations in order to adapt their

This is a 61–year–old male with a 7/20/2011 date of injury, who fell at work and sustained injury to
his left shoulder, left knee, cervical spine and lumbar spine.
Diagnoses include chronic intractable low back and neck pain secondary to lumbosacral
degenerative disc disease. Left shoulder pain s/p arthroscopy, chronic left knee pain, chronic pain
syndrome, severe neuropathic pain, depression, history of drug abuse, and chronic daily headaches.
12/14/15 Progress Report described a follow–up visit. The patient reported worsening left knee pain
X 3weeks after doing housework on his knees. He heard a pop upon standing. Since then, he is
having pain with weight bearing and feeling of instability/buckling. The patient has persistent back
pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The patient denies aberrant behaviors. Objective Findings: He has difficulty getting up from seated
to standing position. He has an antalgic gait and uses a cane. There was pain with palpation of
medial knee and with varus stress to medial knee. Motor strength was 5/5. Cervical and lumbar
ROM is limited. Sensations are intact. Treatment plan included SCS and medications. The goal is to
decrease the use of narcotics and medications in general. Follow–up is in one month. UDS and
CURES reports were reviewed.
09/21/15 Progress Report indicated that the patient is maintaining usual medications for chronic
pain syndrome. He is awaiting evaluation with the spine surgeon for SCS placement and/or
injections under fluoroscopy. He had this done a couple of years ago. Current medications: Norco,
Butrans, Gabapentin, and Cymbalta. The medications help control his pain. 1. Butrans Patch 20mcg
1 patch q 5 days #5, and 2. Norco 5/325mg 1 tab 4 x daily #120,
08/27/15 UDS Report showed that the patient has been consistent with Butrans and Norco.
06/30/15 Progress Report noted that the patient stated that Butrans in only authorized for 20 days.
Since, he is running out of his Butrans patch, it is affecting his ability to do his ADLs and aid in
ambulation. He reported that he has been using his Butrans patch for 10 days now, instead of 5 days.
This is a change of circumference. The patient is feeling miserable. The pain was 7–8/10–scale level
and he has not been

Essay On Chronic Pain
San Diego_In Home Care and Chronic Pain
When pain lasts three to six months or more, it is considered chronic pain. According to the
American Geriatrics Association, more than 50 percent of seniors living at home and up to 80
percent of those in care facilities suffer from chronic pain. As a result, a great number of these
seniors are not able to function properly during the day or sleep well at night. Some of the most
frequent causes of chronic pain in seniors are arthritis, glaucoma, poor circulation, and nerve
damage.
For seniors who choose to remain in their own residence despite their pain, in home care often
makes a significant difference by allowing them to maintain their freedom, independence, and high
quality of life. Some of the most popular services include light housekeeping, laundry, and
transportation services since many seniors with chronic pain are not longer able to drive.
Additionally, medication management support is important because of the vast numbers and
varieties of medications most seniors with chronic pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While it may initially seem that exercise will hurt even more with chronic pain, the reality is that
physical activity is one of the best ways to reduce pain. According to Dr. Wayne McCormick, the
chief of the Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Washington,
"Staying active is one of the most effective ways to make living with chronic pain a more tolerable
experience...We try to make people continue to be active because when people have pain they tend
to focus on it more. There have been trials on whether it is best to keep people at rest or moving
about with pain. The best is keeping active." If your senior loved one needs transportation support,
emotional support, or even physical assistance to keep physically active or engage in an exercise
routine, in home care personnel are there to

The Problem With Chronic Pain
How to Deal with Chronic Pain
This paper is going to talk about how to deal with chronic pain. First of all, this paper will explain
what chronic pain means by providing the foremost chronic pain encountered in life such as low
back, joints, or other kinds. Next, this paper will cover why it is important to address conditions
related to chronic pain, and will explore methods and strategies showing how to cope with
continuing pain. Finally, this paper will share some predictable outcomes and a conclusion.
Definition, Epidemiology, and Trends of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is defined as a pain that doesn't go away for a long time. The pain can last for weeks,
more than 3 months, years, and might make someone feel hopeless. Chronic pain does not relief
with regular pain medication. It is important to address chronic pain because is physically and
psychologically stressful. Its persistent discomfort can lead to irritation and frustration with the
person's self and with other people. Pain affects not only mental health but interfere also with
someone's sleep pattern.
Talking about chronic pain without telling how it starts will not be helpful. According to Richeimer
and Stelligo (2014), chronic pain doesn't happen to everybody. Some people develop chronically
painful conditions in their lifetime while others don't. Research has shown the difference between
people who experience chronic pain compared to those who may not have it is related to genetic and
several other factors.

Chronic Bodily Pain Research Paper
Chronic bodily pain occurs for a number of reasons, such as nerve damage from a vehicle accident,
steroid–induced bone pain from cancer treatment, and many other health problems. This kind of
pain is defined as discomfort that lasts more than 12 weeks. It often makes daily activities
challenging and significantly less enjoyable, potentially resulting in sadness and depression because
you never feel "right."
Thankfully, there are numerous chronic pain treatment options available, many of which can be
combined to provide the relief you need:
Pain Medicine
Over–the–counter and prescribed pain medications relieve your symptoms so you can go about your
life without feeling debilitated. A wide variety of pain medicine options are available to

Chronic Pain Essay
Chronic Pain is a major health problem for many people, and it is defined as pain that persists or
progresses for more than three months. Chronic pain can be related to many other medical
conditions such as cancer, fibromyalgia, diabetes, and arthritis as well as previous injury. Studying
chronic pain is important because inadequate treatment of chronic pain significantly reduces many
people's ability to be active participants in their daily activities, which has the potential of negatively
affecting employment status and could possibly lead to depressive and anxious symptoms in people
with chronic pain. While there are increasing types of drug regimens to manage and relieve some
aspects of chronic pain, the main source of persistent pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To investigate whether this manipulation is effective, rodent models are used. Rodent models are
invaluable resources in testing and characterizing the nature of chronic pain because how similar the
rat's spinothalamic tract is with a human's4, which allows for a greater understanding of the
fundamental ways that the pain circuitry in the body communicates so that pain perception and
response can be generated. The inhibitory technique used to prevent signaling from the Aδ fibers to
the dorsal root ganglion is optogenetics. Optogenetic technologies give the ability to have fast and
precise control over circuitry elements within intact tissue of behaving animals, so that there can be
real time observation of how different components of a system affects a

Chronic Pain: A Holistic Approach
Chronic pain is a major medical and social issue that affects millions of people, their families, the
workforce and society in general. Although definitions may vary, it is generally accepted that
chronic pain originates in actual or potential tissue damage and lasts longer than six months after the
initial damage has healed. The Gateway Control of Pain Theory best explains the pathophysiology
of pain and which also explains why thought out emotions influences pain perception. Central
Sensitization theorizes that the memory effect of repeated pain sensation maybe source of chronic
pain. Because chronic pain has an physical and emotional element the treatment of it requires a
holistic approach. The Concept Theory of Nursing explains how nursing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Central sensitization describes how the brain responses to repeated nerve impulses. When there is
frequent stimulation in the brain the brain develops a memory for that stimulation (Gudin, 2004).
This memory allows for the brain to respond to the stimulation more rapidly the subsequent times
and is referred to as neuroplascity or central sensitization (Gudin, 2004). The effect usually only
occurs after repeated experience with pain. Studies shows that repeated exposure that causes the
painful stimuli changes a person's threshold, which results in a stronger pain response. This theory
explains why we have phantom and chronic pain (Gudin, 2004). The concept of central sensitization
shows attempts to define the source chronic pain and illustrates how hard it is to control due to the
fact the brain creates a memory. Once a person has established central sensitization, it is very
difficult to treat. It is just a nonstop stimulation of the nerve

Chronic pain can be mental, emotionally and physically debilitating. Chronic pain affects us on
many different levels. Your brain senses pain from sensory, emotional and cognitive angles. The
brain is wired to expect severe pain, and it swiftly initiates a strong pain response. Neuropathways
rely on past experiences that help the brain deal with similar threats. Our cognitive and emotional
responses can jumble our actual pain signals. Similar physiological treatments are prescribed for an
emotional response and actual pain.
Yoga teaches you to be aware of your posture and alignment. The mindfulness training gives yogis
tools for engaging with pain in a way reduces damaging emotions. Most chronic pain remedies are
ineffective because the treatment

Fibromyalgia And Chronic Pain
"Approximately 10 million Americans (2–4%) have Fibromyalgia with a ratio of about 8 to 2,
women over men." This is a ratio that has been found by the National Fibromyalgia and Chronic
Pain Association. Fibromyalgia is a disease that affects the body in many different ways. It comes
with pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Along with chronic muscle pain, it also comes
with fatigue, sleep problems, and painful trigger points. Although many doubt a diagnosis of
Fibromyalgia, it is a real disease affecting so many people. This confusing diagnosis leads to daily
struggles like fatigue, pain all throughout the body, and even depression from time to time, affecting
not only the victim of the disease, but also the people around them.
How ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not a program that will cure you in the end. There is no cure to this and although there is no
cure, patients learn to deal with it physically as well as psychologically. This program is called
CPRP or Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program. It runs from Monday through Friday from 7:30 a.m.
to 5 p.m. and is suggested that the patient go through the program for three to four weeks. There is
pain treatment done by many physicians, therapists, and nurses. There are certain times for exercise
as well as meditation and learning how to pace yourself throughout the day with chronic pain. There
are also aftercare follow–up sessions on Fridays that the graduates of the CPRP can go to as well as
family members.
Certain treatments can be done to help ease he pain as well. According to the National
Complementary and Integrative Health, Vitamin D may be a good source for pain reducer as well as
different activities like yoga, tai chi, and biofeedback. Acupuncture is also suggested, though these
do not have hard evidence to prove that these things most definitely help. The activities listed
normally are safe approaches, but these activities can be difficult at first to

Chronic Heel Pain
Whether you suffer from chronic heel pain or just recently sustained a foot injury, the foot
specialists at Podiatry Associates of Rochester are here to help. This Rochester, NY podiatry office
provides complete medical and surgical care for patients suffering from a variety of foot ailments,
from ingrown toenails, stress fractures, arthritis, planter fasciitis, heel pain, and more.
Heel pain can be caused by a number of reasons, one of the most common being plantar fasciitis,
otherwise known as heel spur syndrome. Heel and foot discomfort can also be caused by fractures,
tendonitis, nerve irritation, and sometimes even cysts. Often times patients complain of heel pain for
unknown reasons, so it's important that a complete examination is performed

Chronic Pain Explanatory Model
Chronic pain is often defined as pain lasting more than 12 weeks. It may arise from initial injury,
such as a back sprain, or there may be an ongoing issue such as illness. The assignment given
consisted of finding a person who suffers from chronic pain to explore the ideas of illness
classification, the experience of pain and explanatory models. The interview process was executed
on September 17, 2016 via face time lasting approximately 45 minutes in length. She gave me her
oral consent for this interview. I explained that this information would be used for a chronic pain
paper. (American Chronic Pain Association) The subject is a 53 year old, Caucasian, upper middle
class female currently in treatment for melanoma cancer. Currently, no disease ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The initial diagnosis was made by her oncologist who was monitoring any changes over a six–
month period after surgery and throughout radiation via physical examinations. Increased swelling
became visibly obvious as did decreased range of motion and restricted normal functioning of the
right arm. An occupational therapist and lymphedema specialist determined a follow up diagnosis
after implementing a test using an electric current, which measures fluid volume in the arm and right
trunk. (Physical Therapy and Rehab Medicine 2010) Also, comparisons in range of motion were
made to the normal side on the left. Once the actual assessment of the problem was made, a plan
was

Chronic Pain Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis One
Chronic pain related to nerve compression as evidence by verbal reports of pain, changes in facial
expression of pain, and anxiousness (Wilkinson, 2017, pg. 600).
Outcome Statement Patient will describe nonpharmacological methods that can be used to
supplement, or enhance, pharmacological interventions and help achieve the comfort–function level
by anticipated discharge date on 4/26/18.
Intervention One
Establish a convenient time with patient to talk about pain and its psychological and emotional
effects.
Rationale. Establishing a trusting, supportive relationship promotes the nurse–client relationship and
helps foster open communication.
Intervention Two
Teach the patient nonpharmacological methods to control pain, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This replaces negative thoughts with positive thoughts to help reduce anxiety.
Intervention Four Reduce environmental stimuli or possible threats to reduce anxiety levels.
Rationale. This helps minimize distraction that can further escalate the individual's anxiety.
Intervention Five Encourage the patient to participate in activities she finds comforting for herself.
Rationale. This helps the patient foster a sense of control and get distracted from pain.
Evaluation Statement Outcome is not met. Patient was still showing signs of anxiety when
conversating with her. She does not demonstrate positive skills to solve her anxiety. The nurse will
reassess her within 48 hours.
Nursing Diagnosis Three
Deficient Knowledge related to lack of interest in learning as evidence by inaccurate follow–through
of instructions and not compliant opioid usage (Wilkinson, 2017, pg. 486).
Outcome Statement Patient will be able to perform new health–related behaviors as they are taught
and list three specific skills by anticipated discharge date on 4/27/2018.
Intervention

Chronic Pain Vs Rehabilitation

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