Rousseau Confessions

Rousseau Confessions
Confessions (1789), an autobiography by Jean–Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) is seen as a reaction
against Augustine's Confessions and stands as a rebuttal to the latter's understanding of human
nature. Rousseau is considered to have invented modern autobiography in his compositions of
Confessions, Rousseau, Judge of Jean–Jacques (1776) and The Reveries of a Solitary Walker
(1778). The idea of confession and in naming the book as such, the narrative presented in
Confessions can be seen as an attempt on behalf of Rousseau to persuade the reader by offering his
life as an example of his philosophy. In the religious act of confession, it is assumed that the person
confessing will speak the truth and that he will accept the judgment conferred upon ... Show more
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I have neither omitted anything bad, nor interpolated anything good." (p.3) By the act of writing an
autobiography, the author, narrator and protagonist has to be identical, using the proper name of the
author as reference (Lejeune, 1973, p. 298) and this trinity of an identity must refuse to give others
the same status that they claim for themselves. The concept of autobiography requires inequality of
treatment between others and Rousseau and this brings in the possibility of untruthfulness; as he
writes at the beginning of the Confessions, "I know the feelings of my heart, and I know men"
(Rousseau 1789, p.3). Everything is an object for knowledge, while the "I" is the sole
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The Themes Of Wilson's May All Your Fences Have Gatest?
Alan Nadel in his essay, May All Your Fences Have Gatest, rightly observes that, Wilson's dramas
depend on the other side of the fence for each character. In other words, he discusses what is behind
each character fences and boundaries. However, the identities of each character have different
intention of understanding these boundaries. For instance, in the play Fences, Rose understands of
building the fences is completely different than Troy's understanding. Fences for Rose represents
security, represents gathering, family, and union. Michael Downing's dissertation on Wilson's work
includes Fences, The Piano Lesson, Two Trains Running, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Joe
Turner's Come and Gone. Michael Downing's title clearly reflects his claim on these plays which is;
"Restoring the Myths: Converting Stereotype to Archetype in Five Plays of August Wilson (1997)."
Downing argues in his doctoral dissertation that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Freedman in his article within The New York Time Magazine, Freedman contemplates that Wilson's
Fences, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Joe Turner's Come and Gone, are mainly focuses on
Wilson's anxiety with inheritance. Freedman traces Wilson's life, observing the influences on
Wilson, describing him as "bard" of the "ghetto". Freedman discusses the idea of identity within
Wilson's Works, especially within Fences, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Joe Turner's Come and
Gone, and how Wilson reflects his autobiography constantly through several work of his own.
Michael Awkward In his book "May All Your Fences Have Gates", criticizing particular areas in
Wilson's Fences, addressing issues such as the role of history, the relationship of African ritual to
African American drama. Awkward also argues how Wilson connects the African American
community to the music and the culture identity in his play. Awkward also adds in his book some
other essays by other scholars who also tackle issues within Wilson's Fences and on some other

Maya Angelou: A Model Woman Through Influential Literature...
There are many women of today that have become a model for society. In order to have the
reputation of the model woman, there is a need for accomplishment in life in addition to being a
positive influence on society itself. Maya Angelou is a great example of the model woman. She has
beaten the odds and has become one of the most well known African American women of today. She
is an author, poet, historian, songwriter, playwright, dancer, stage and screen producer, director,
performer, singer, and civil rights activist. Her most influential work comes from her extraordinary
books and poems. Her literature has influenced the young and old with their contents. Maya
Angelou's literary significance rests primarily upon her exceptional ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Joanne M. Braxton described her and her literature as "America's most visible black woman
autobiographer. While black women writers might share traditional motivations for writing
autobiography, other motives derive from their unique experiences. And yet, against all odds, she
comes to self–awareness and finds herself at the center of her own experience. Maya Angelou has
tempered her own anger and put it to a constructive purpose; her work specks to the necessity of
reflecting, remembering, opening, healing, and, at times, issuing a warning. In I know Why the
Caged Birds Sings, she focuses almost entirely on the inner spaces of her emotional and personal
life, crafting a "literary" autobiography that becomes not merely a personal record but also a stage
on which the sins of the past can be recalled and rituals of healing and reconciliation enacted."
(Braxton, Joann, page 4) Maya Angelou has been awarded over 30 honorary degrees and was
nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for her 1971 volume of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water
'Fore I Diiie. Again, the theme of this volume of poetry focuses on Angelou's perspective on what it
means to be a black woman in the United States, but also address experiences common to all people.
The book has two parts, "Where Love is a Scream of Anguish" and "Just Before the World Ends."
The first

Mid Term Break Poem Analysis
"Mid–Term Break" by Seamus Heaney and "Report to Wordsworth" by Boey Kim Cheng present a
situation of crisis and both convey the significance of life and death to the reader through real–life
examples. Heaney's autobiographical "Mid–Term Break" highlights the childhood trauma in
experiencing a death, whilst in "Report to Wordsworth" Cheng presents a pessimistic view on
Nature's future in response to 19th century environmentalist William Wordsworth's work. Nature's
fast–paced progression towards death due to human negligence is expressed and comparisons to the
beauty of the environment in Wordsworth's work are included with shades of Wordsworth's work
such as "Composed upon Westminster Bridge". The grief and devastation that a young death can
cause on a family are sensitively represented in "Mid–Term Break". Heaney's father, a patriarchal
figure, is completely broken down by enjambment in "In the porch I met my father crying–He had
always taken funerals in his stride", indicating that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poem begins by "You should be here, Nature has need of you." A direct and firm tone of
accusation used clearly depicts his disappointment towards mankind's inconsiderate actions.
Portraying the flowers as "mute" gives the sense that they are voiceless, suffering in silence. The
alliterative "s" in "Smothered by smog" heightens the sense of suffocation and a lack of oxygen–
something indispensable. The images of silent and dull nature illustrate a monotonous world, putting
prominence to themes of exasperation and despair and emphasizing the intimidating authority that
mankind believes they have over nature. Read in context, the metaphor "The birds are few in a sky
slowing like a dying clock" slows the passage of time and denotes not only the fast–paced
diminishing of nature and wildlife but also meagre time to salvage the abused

Essay An Analysis of Orwell's "Shooting an...
"Shooting an Elephant" is one of the most popular of George Orwell's essays. Like his essays "A
hanging" and "How the Poor Die", it is chiefly autobiographical. It deals with his experience as a
police–officer in Burma. After having completed his education, Orwell joined the Indian Imperial
Police, and served in Burma, from 1922 to 1927, as an Assistant Superintendent of Police. His
experiences as an officer in Burma were bitter. He was often a victim of the hostility and injustices
at the hands of his colleagues and officers. Peter Stansky and William Abrahams in their book The
Unknown Orwell write "He was friendless and inexperienced, not certain of what to expect and
fearful of proving to be inadequate, a predictable failure."
Orwell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He appears to have recollected the incident very vividly just before he wrote the, but he had
obviously been thinking of it intermittently ever since it happened. In Burmese Days, written several
years before, the hero Flory, on his first meeting with Elizabeth Lackersteen, describes to her `the
murder of an elephant, which he had perpetrated some years earlier'. This essay reads like the leaves
from the same Burmese notebooks, which Orwell used in writing his novel. It is frankly
autobiographical and describes how an elephant went `must' in a bazaar and killed a man. An
Englishman was expected to rise to an occasion like this, so Orwell got the rifle and marched down
to the field where the elephant had gone. As soon as he saw it, he knew that it was unnecessary to
kill it; the fit was over. Equally surely, he knew that he was going to shoot it. The crowd following
him willed him to kill it.
M.G. Nayar writes, "This essay enables us to get a glimpse of the author's experiences in Burma
where he was employed in the British Imperial Police (1922 – 1927). Orwell had already come to
regard imperialism `as very largely a racket", and he knew he was ill–fitted for the role he was
called upon to play. During this period of Imperial service a sense of guilt

Propaganda In Elie Wiesel's Night
One of the main characteristics of the revolutionary or fanatic groups of the XX and XXI century is
their ability to recruit and increase in numbers. This characteristic, that from time to time has not
been studied, is due to the propaganda and publicity that they deliver. Some examples of this
catching propaganda are Joseph Goebbels with the Nazis, ISIS as a publicity machine, and the
classroom experiment of The Wave. To analyze Nazis' case the book Night and the 19 principles of
propaganda are going to be used. However, it is going to be presented just from the perspective of
Jews and its basis. Night is an autobiographical novel, written by Elie Wiesel, that recounts his
experiences as an orthodox teenager Jew during the Second World War and the Holocaust. On the
other hand, Joseph Goebbels established the principles of propaganda, which were the fundamentals
of all Nazi publicity before and during the war. To analyze ISIS propaganda, it is going to be seen as
a publicity machine, in which one of its main weapons is their advertisement. And, to present the
classroom experiment of The Third Wave, the book that has the same name is going to be used. The
Wave is a novel by the American acclaimed author Todd Strasser, in which is presented the real–life
incident that took place in Palo Alto, California in 1969, where the classroom experiment of
replicating the Nazis and creating a group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, it is going to be concluded how propaganda affects the revolutionary groups and the role of
their

The Accuracy And Validity Of Autobiographical Memory Among...
The accuracy and validity of autobiographical memory among individuals who have experienced
childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been questioned since these experiences are highly emotional and
traumatic. Some individuals may believe that recovered memories through the use of therapy or
spontaneously may be recalled in an effort to gain money in a court case or seek revenge against an
individual. In order to examine whether this statement of a disbelief in the accounts of individual's
experience with CSA is valid, the components of autobiographical memory, the specificity in the
recall of autobiographical memory among repressed, recovered and continuous memories for
individuals having experienced CSA, as well as the cognitive aspect of autobiographical memory
will be presented.
Autobiographical memory is divided into two components, which are personal semantic information
and personal episodic information (Holland & Kensinger, 2010). Personal semantic information is
information that you know about yourself such as your name and birthplace. While personal
episodic information is information about a specific event in your life such as the first time you
learned how to ride a bike. In relation to CSA, personal semantic information would be the victim
knowing the name of the perpetrator of the crime. As for personal episodic information, it would be
remembering the experience of having been a victim of CSA as a whole. Personal episodic
information entails further processes such as

The Fading Affect Bias
According to Ritchie, Skowronski, Wood, Walker, Vogl and Gibbons, (2006) sharp psychological
action is all that is vital to heighten the fading affect bias, then an overall positive link between
practice assessments and the degree of the fading affect bias should appear. Nevertheless, if
procedures that are tangled in social communication have an exceptional influence on the emotional
impact connected with autobiographical memories, then an individual might perceive this
association for social practices, and not for isolated practices. (Ritchie et al, 2006). Another
possibility proposes that the information for social practices might be imitated by psychological
accomplishments that are tangled in definite reserved practice types, for example ... Show more
The NPI–16 will be entered in (A) or (B) format, and it is not a Likert scale. The participants will be
asked to complete the Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16, and the NPI–16 items are taken from
across the dimensions of Raskin and Terry's (1988) 40–item measure. Ames, Daniel R., Rose, Paul,
and Anderson, Cameron P., (2006) created The NPI–16 as a shorter construct of narcissism. These
16 articles consist of two questions in an A or B format (e.g. A. I am no better or worse than most
people. B. I think I am a. exceptional individual). One of the dual sets (either A or B) is certified to
the Narcissism factor. An indicator is specified to deduct the scores. The higher scores for the
Narcissism element stipulates higher scores for Narcissism. The standard score for the general
populace is 15.3. The classic score for actors/actress is 17.8. It is significant to ponder which traits
are dominant. A comprehensive score that duplicates more themes on self–prominence, entitlement,
attention–seeker, and manipulative is more motivation for concern than an individual who scores
high on power, self–dependence and

How Did Edgar Allan Poe Affect Society
The life was Edgar Allan Poe was misery and tragedy by itself.
It was not because he mainly wrote Gothic stories but he experienced many unfortunate incidents
throughout his life. As a youngster, Poe did not have a good start. He was born in 1809, Boston as a
child of poor actor working at local theater. (Pruette, p 370) Since, his family was very poor, his
birth was considered lowly. (Pruette, p370) However, more tragedies happened before he was three
years old. When he was two years old, his father died of consumption and sooner later, his mother
also died leaving her children being adopted to other families.(Pruette, p.370)
Poe was adopted to John Allan, a Virginian planter. The education from Allans helped young Edgar
to develop basis for great writer. (Lasley) Poe and the Allans went over to England in 1815 when he
was only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for example, in 1830, there was a murder incident. A young man murdered a eighty–two year old
man in Salem, Massachusetts. After Poe, got in touch with this incident, Poe started writing and
published "The Tell–Tale Heart". Poe's influences were not just from real event but also in whole
nation. Poe's writing emphasizing the dark side of humanity challenged the optimistic and confident
America in those days.
Poe used his own techniques when writing his stories.
When writing stories, Edgar Allan Poe never allowed his writings to be sloppy and imperfect. He
always invested tons and tons of time and efforts. He revised his writings hundreds of times. In
addition, in those days, there were no computers that help people writing essays. Therefore, he had
to write every single word with his hand using ink and pens to paper. (Lasely). His writings were
mostly Gothic Literature or part of Dark Romanism. Not just his short stories, but also his poems
such as "Ravens" were also Gothic Literature. (Rahn)
Poe's had many other works not just short stories but also

Bianca-Autobiographical Novel Of Torru Dutt As The English...
Toru Dutt as the English Novelist/
Bianca– Autobiographical Novel of Toru Dutt/
Toru Dutt's Novel 'Bianca': A Perspective
Abstract: In this paper, I analyse Toru Dutt's only one English Novel, Bianca. Toru Dutt displayed
her rare ability as a novelist in it. In weaving a tragic plot, in drawing subtle characters, in creating
suspense, and in describing a person, place or thing, Toru shows a remarkable inventiveness and
vigour 'Bianca' is incomplete and ends abruptly.
Keywords: Autobiographical, betrothal, consonant, Inventiveness, linguist, morbidity, prototype,
romance, suspense and tragedy.
Introduction:
Toru Dutt is one of the distinguished authors in Indian English Literature. Her work may be meagre,
but it is lasting worth. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Garcia, and later Mr. Moore talks to Bianca in the garden. When the servant John takes away Wille,
Lord Moore is so much carried away by powerful feelings that he kisses her on the mouth. She feels
it her moral duty to tell her father about the kissing incident, hearing which Mr. Garcia becomes
very angry. Just then, Martha brings in a letter from the Hall which contains Lord Moore's definite
offer of marriage. Mr. Garcia is, however, reluctant to grant his consent for marriage, and Bianca,
quite dejected, goes slowly upstairs into her own room. In the evening, Lord Moore comes to Mr.
Garcia to learn of his decision. Mr. Garcia, however, seems to be still undecided in the matter and
points out that Lady Moore may not like the marriage. but when he sees that the young man's grief
is so intense and genuine, he relents and sends for Bianca, who is found totally depressed and seized
with fever and delirium. The father rushes upstairs, followed by Lord Moore. Finding her in a
precarious condition, Lord Moore hastily returns home to ride for the

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis
I now pronounce you husband and wife! This will then inevitably be followed by the phrase, "...and
they lived happily ever after!" The truth is, everyone wants to know how a story begins, what
happens throughout, and if final closure is made. But, what if only a few details are described in
their entirety and the rest are left for a reader to guess? Life is full of contributing struggles and,
endless tests of faith, but, in the end, a resolution always becomes clear enough for a conclusion. In
the fictional story entitled, "The Yellow Wallpaper," author Charlotte Perkins– Gilman captivates
readers by unraveling the tale of an oppressed housewife named Jane. Despite Gilman's unique story
telling abilities, readers are left to wonder what strife ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is never cut and dry with any of the stories Gilman has written. She deliberately layers each story,
which leaves a lasting effect. Gilman uses sarcasm to give verbal irony a soulful existence. For
instance, Jane professes that, "John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are
serious. I am glad my case is not serious" (Gilman 528)! Furthermore, Gilman's use of dramatic
irony intensifies the reader's attention. Jane blissfully proclaims, "I've got out at last, said I, in spite
of you and Jane. And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you can't put me back" (Gilman 537)!
Journalist Heidi Scott of The Explicator, contends that, "As the story ends, the real natural world
outside the room becomes the strange, misfitting one in which she feels like an alien" (Scott 2).
Ironically, Jane was spiritually and physically set free by her own truth and deliverance. Ultimately,
Gilman's impeccable use of irony adds to the perplexity that is The Yellow

Analysis Of This Side Of Paradise By F. Scott Fitzgerald
While in army training camps during the years 1917 to 1918, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote the first draft
of his first novel. It was originally called The Romantic Egotist and was rejected by the publisher
twice before he revised it a third time and changed the title to This Side of Paradise.
This Side of Paradise is one of Fitzgerald's most popular works and is considered to be the book that
launched his writing career. The novel is semi–autobiographical, meaning it contains several
autobiographical aspects and reflects the events and people that occurred within his life, while using
fictional characters and elements.
Fitzgerald reflects many features of his life and his experiences throughout the novel. The story
revolves around a young boy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in the chapter titled "A Kiss for Amory" Myra, a girl whom Amory thought he had a
crush on at the time, and Amory are left alone. He confesses his feelings for her and her "eyes
[become] dreamy" (Fitzgerald 13). They then kiss, and she immediately begins to show more
affection towards him. Suddenly Amory is overcome with disgust and "loathing for the whole
incident" (Fitzgerald 13). This scene allows the reader to fully understand what is going on, from the
contrasting perspectives of both the characters. The conflict portrays Myra's assured feelings for
Amory meanwhile revealing Amory's ambiguous feelings towards Myra when it comes to love and
affection. He realizes this is not what he really wants and becomes uncomfortable with the whole
situation. This is the first example of a relationship ending due to Amory's unstable and conflicting
feelings towards girls and anticipates his future problematic relationships with women. This scene
prepares the audience early in the novel for the upcoming conflicts relating to affection that Amory
occasionally experiences as the story

Essay On Childhood Memories
I've often wondered if my earliest childhood memories really happened as I remembered them or
have they been tainted by the telling and retelling of stories by my parents and grandparents.
Someone seems to always claim, "I can remember when I was in the nursery." Not to be outdone,
someone else goes one better, "I remember when I was born." Really? Can one remember those
early events or are they figments of their imagination. I'm speaking of the average Joe or Jane, not
those who possess special mental "gifts" that the average person isn't blessed with. Take me for
instance as the average Joe, the average Jack, actually.
One of my earliest memories was riding my new tricycle into the Christmas tree. I vividly remember
the tree ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here's another example: As the "story" goes, I inserted one of Mom's metal bobby pins into an
electrical plug and blew the "whole building's circuit." At the time, we lived in a row of two–story
apartments, maybe six or eight to a row. Sounds plausible but even I don't believe my memories of
this story any more. I doubt that the entire building was fed off a single circuit, but it was post–
WWII, cheap housing, so anything's possible.
I'm sure, however, that I did put a bobby pin in a wall plug, received a nasty shock, and likely blew
that particular circuit, but the "whole building?" I can't buy that "embellishment" anymore. I'm glad
the story wasn't retold too many more times – I would have caused a blackout of the whole Niagara
Falls power grid.
My true recollections of the incident are sketchy at best – a few sparks, a jolt of electricity, and pain.
The rest of the events and the commotion that followed were not my memories but those of the
storytellers imprinted on me creating a cohesive memory of my first encounter with electricity. I was
about 30 months old when I discovered the power and love of electricity.
Here's an early event that I always swore is a true memory, but now decades later, I wonder how
much is truly mine and how much is my Dad's telling of the story. He was a great storyteller, and I
heard his retelling of this story often. Dad's

Analysis Of Just Mercy By Bryan Stevenson
INTRODUCTION Looking at the cover of the book, Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redempt,
written by Bryan Stevenson, one could not understand what would be thrown at them after opening
the crisp pages. Breaking the title of the book down, we know what 'mercy' is defined as the feeling
toward offenders through a person with the ability to oversee justice within our system.
Furthermore, the two words 'just mercy' is implied that our officials that are administering the justice
within our system go about it in a conscionable way. Stevenson's starts off with an autobiographical
introduction that sets forth how the context will be delivered to the readers. From the start,
Stevenson explains how he got into the profession of defense law. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Stevenson will reference other people and describes the crimes they had committed with the
sentence they were given. These cases were, explained through Stevenson, examples of how our
legal system holds corrupt individuals of that profession as well as the use of improper sentencing to
those wrongfully convicted of the crimes they have and or haven't done. Throughout the book we
can see what Stevenson endures within his work life and social life. He encountered a confrontation
with white police officers which then shined light on how the African American race were being
treated based off their race which correlated to a specific stereotype. As an audience, we were left in
the end with an understanding of how the McMillian case impacted Bryan Stevenson for the better
and the worst. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE BOOK Never being a person who is fond
of reading, this book took me by surprise. There are some parts of Stevenson's layout of the book
that I liked and disliked. To kick it off, he opened up with a quick rundown of what got him into
defense law followed by what he learned from law school and the people he had had contact with.
From the start, the book was written from his point of view, which for me, was well appreciated. But
biased statements can arise when looking from an audience point of view in comparison to the
author. While the author had professional connections with his clients, they formed into personal.

Life of a Mullato Essay examples
Life of a Mullato In Society, there has been one common way through which an individual can
differentiate himself and that is race/color. Consequently, once a person's color is determined, it
seems a class structure is established, a structure that not only describes the individual's social,
political, but also their economic standards. Throughout most of nineteenth century literature that we
have read it's apparent, the class structure consisted of whites and blacks. Much of the literary works
of the time stressed that to be black meant being despised and discriminated against by the white
population. Moreover, the literature such as Our Nig portrayed whites as domineering and superior
as they essentially controlled many black ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a thorough analysis of the racial identity of a mulatto, and a look at the lives of mulatto
characters in works by Charles W. Chesnutt, Harriet Wilson and Wallace Thurman an understanding
of what it means to be mulatto can be realized. In the works we discussed, a mulatto was usually the
offspring of a black woman and a white man; however, the key to comprehending the racial identity
of a mulatto is much more deeper. A mulatto is constantly faced with the difficult task of struggling
between two races that in the past have been in conflict with each other. In addition, they are faced
with mixed feelings from the fellow pure bread black members. For example, in Blacker the Berry,
Emma character, a mulatto encounter constant resentment and possible envy by not only blacks
because of her lighter skin tone, but also from white peers. Even in present society, this is a reality
of which many non–blacks are unaware, and which most blacks would prefer to overlook, rather
than resolve. It was these revelations that authors like Chesnutt, Wilson, and Thurman attempted to
bring insight on. Charles W. Chesnutt was born in Cleveland in 1858, to free parents of mixed racial
heritage, and raised in Fayetteville, N.C. His youth in North Carolina as a mulatto was very
influential in most of his works. Chesnutt absorbed the dialects and folktales

Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay
Student name Professor name Course Date Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in
the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard
such writing as "a highly conventionalized genre" indicating that "its status as literature was long
disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass 's Narrative
of the Life of Frederick Douglass...are widely recognized today." (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe
resistance, writers like Douglass have penned down their autobiography to present the misery of
their fellow beings. Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass is a masterpiece work depicting
poor status of black people through the theme of human exploitation, ignorance and racism and for
this purpose, Douglass has used modern techniques of irony and realism in his narration The
analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human
exploitation is one of them. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of
Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood.
Throughout the narration, Douglass has tried to maintain the flow using the techniques of realism
and irony in order to present his themes. The reader can observe his helplessness for misery of the
slaves from the quoted incidents. For example in the very first chapter, Douglass recalls the incident
of his Aunt Hester who is

Judith Ortiz Cofer's The Myth Of The Latin Woman
In the modern world, gender stereotypes affect men and women in different ways. A kind man can
be perceived as violent for simply being a man, and in contrast, a woman can be seen as an object to
chase or prey upon simply for being a woman. When these roles overlap, the innocent members of
both parties feel uncomfortable and ashamed for things out of their control. Judith Ortiz Cofer's
essay entitled The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria is more effective in its
explanation of perceived gender roles and stereotypes, compared to the Brent Staples essay Just
Walk on By: Black Men in Public Space. Cofer's autobiographical essay delves into the harassment
of women in society, and how men perceive race as an invitation. She uses examples of times where
she was publicly humiliated when white men would break out into song, attempting to be funny by
using racist remarks. Staples's essay is similar in that it describes society's vision of black men, but it
is not about harassment. Rather, he uses instances where he felt embarrassed by the way society
viewed him, such as being mistaken for a rapist in the opening paragraph. Both of these essays
reflect on facing prejudice with a particular audience in mind: Cofer's intended demographic is
white men, while Staples is addressing society as a whole, but particularly white women. Cofer
wants men to know that Latina women are not the sexual deviants they are stereotyped as; they are
not simply the "whore,

The Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin
Many people love autobiographical narratives. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is one of
the most famous examples of this type of writing. Franklin's was a narrative written to the general
public, in order to share his life accomplishments and stories. Contrary to this, Spark Notes
analysists say that "Many literary critics have often thought of Franklin's Autobiography as a
prototypical revenge narrative." The supposed reason is that Franklin rises above others who were
once superior to him. The autobiography, however, is far from a revenge narrative. Franklin spends
too much time helping other people and criticizing himself for this to be considered a revenge
narrative.
Spark Notes identifies two incidents as its basis for calling The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
a revenge narrative. Strangely, I couldn't find any information to back up the argument they were
trying to make, which immediately raises doubts. The first incident Spark Notes wrote about, was
when Keimer and Franklin became vegetarians. Spark Notes stated that Franklin "points out to the
reader his own skills of determination by showing that another person was unable to accomplish the
same things he did." This statement is invalid because Franklin wasn't criticizing Keimer, he merely
stated that Keimer grew "tired of the project" (28). Spark Notes analysists also wrote that "Franklin
gets revenge on all the Royal Governors who looked down on him by becoming a great political
figure

Autonomy In Jane Eyre Research Paper
Jane Eyre: Champion of Autonomy Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre during the Victorian Era. The
Victorian Era was a time of high standards for what women should and should not be. Women
simply were not viewed as being passionate, or autonomous, and were more viewed as passive,
inferior, domestic–beings. Charlotte Bronte created an alternate reality, through Jane Eyre, that
challenged all of the pre–described Victorian Era standards for women's behavior. By creating a
character that challenged autonomy and women's role, Bronte herself challenged the current views
of female autonomy. After the people of the time saw the character Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte
go against the standards for females, it caused the novel to become an example of female ... Show
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The rebellion against ideals is something Jane just happens upon. Often Jane stands against
authority throughout Jane Eyre, most notably is her encounter with Mrs. Reed. Jane stands up to her
aunt saying "you told Mr. Brocklehurst I had a bad character, a deceitful disposition . . . Deceit is not
my fault" (Bronte 37). It is important to note that Jane reacts with a blatant disrespect for Mrs. Reed,
she is simply standing against the wrong–doings. Yet still, at any cost, Jane is still defying an
authority figure, which she even notices. Jane understood that "a child cannot quarrel with its elders"
but it was simply something that she could no longer hold within herself. A rebellion of Victorian
Era norms that happens frequently in Jane's time as a governess at Thornfield Hall is Jane's
bluntness in her discussions with Mr. Rochester. In one instance Mr. Rochester asks Jane if she
thinks he is attractive, and Jane plainly answers no. Once again after she speaks Jane understands
that this is not the answer she should have given, she believes she should "have replied to this
question by something conventionally vague and polite" (Bronte 131) yet it is something that slips
out. In both of the previously described incidents, Jane undoubtedly opposes the standards for how
women should act in

A Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick...
A Comparison of Writings by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare
the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content,
and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end
to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their
writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their struggles
and pain during their years of slavery. Both stories were the same but also very different. Both
Jacobs and Douglass were born into slavery. The stories were written by authors that finally gained
their freedom from slavery. Jacob's wrote "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" and Frederick
Douglass wrote, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave". Jacob's wrote it
in a woman point of view and gave us a look at how the women that were slaves experienced life;
whereas Douglass wrote as a male slave and the brutality. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave" by
Harriet Jacobs is an autobiographical narrative. It gives us a look inside in how the lives of slave
women were, the troubles they faced and how they met them, especially the sexual abuses they
suffered by their masters. She tells us how her master had the "right" to impregnate the slave and
then that child would have to follow in its mother's life as a slave. It took a lot of courage to stand

A Comparative Analysis of Armies of the Night and The...
Taken at face value, Norman Mailer's Armies of the Night and Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool–Aid
Acid Test may seem very similar. They are both centered on a major author of the 1960s and his
experiencing of historical events of the time, while set in the style of New Journalism. When
examined closer, though, it becomes apparent that these novels represent two very different sides of
New Journalism – Armies of the Night an autobiography with personal and political motivations,
The Electric Kool–Aid Acid Test a sociological piece which tries to capture the essence of its
subjects rather than the absolute facts. By looking at the form and style which the novels were
written in and the motives behind Mailer's Armies of the Night and Wolfe's The ... Show more
"The opening pages of chit chat, the reply to Time magazine, the celebrity–talk about Lowell,
Macdonald, Goodman, the fierce competitiveness – all this tells us from the beginning that this is
Mailer's story" (Dickstein 149). By choosing to depict acts in which he took part and from his point
of view Mailer is able to make the validity of his statements implicit – he actually saw what he is
writing about. At the same time though, questions of how much Mailer's bias is affecting the novel
are raised. Mailer is able to address these questions of possible bias by making it exceedingly
obvious when his bias is at play. As Hellmann notes, "Calling himself 'the Novelist' and self–
consciously using the contrivances of novelistic form, Mailer makes us view the facts of his work as
both reliable (in that we are fully shown their source in his firsthand observation) and doubtful (in
that we are constantly reminded that they result merely from such observation)" (39).
Instead of trying to hide this bias, Mailer uses it to further strengthen his work. An example of
Mailer's use of bias is in his description of the US Marshals he saw while waiting on the bus which
would take him to prison, he begins with "their faces are considerably worse than he had expected"
and "they had the kind of faces which belong to bad guys in a Western" (150). This establishes
Mailer's biased view of the US Marshals and "by providing these

Analysis Of Menagerie By John Williams
Looking at John Lahr's recent biography, he frames the history of Williams's life based on textual
readings of his plays. The notion that Williams's plays were heavily autobiographical is now a
generally accepted interpretation used to connect the disparate nature of his texts. As many
contemporary scholars do, Lahr reads Menagerie as biographical portraits of his mother and sister
when they lived in St. Louis, Streetcar drawing from his experience in New Orleans and his
tempestuous relationship with Pancho Rodriguez, Cat referencing Williams's uneasy relationship
with his father, and Suddenly Last Summer documenting both his experiences with therapy and his
sister's lobotomy: "Throughout his life, Williams, who was the most ... Show more content on
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At the same time, it seems impossible to deny Menagerie was in some way based on Williams's life;
he drew from his experiences in St. Louis crafting Amanda after his mother Edwina and Laura after
his sister Rose. The use of his family members for models of this early work is undeniable.
However, the over–emphasis of Williams's use of autobiography helps situate Menagerie as
naturalistic because Williams was drawing from real memories. While Williams was inspired by his
personal life in some regards, his contribution to literature was never a faithful reconstruction of his
personal history.
Williams was inspired by his personal life in some regards, but his additions to literature were never
a faithful reconstruction of personal history. Williams's brother Dakin recalls his mother Edwina did
not recognize herself as Amanda when she saw Menagerie:
Edwina went backstage to congratulate Laurette on her performance. The actress was sitting with
her feet up on the radiator, keeping warm. To quote Edwina: "Before I had a chance to get out a
word, she greeted me: 'How did you like you'seff, Miz Williams?' I was so shocked I didn't know
what to say"... And even afterward, Edwina said, "I am not Amanda. The only resemblance I have to
Amanda is that we both like jonquils.'"
Dakin also distinguished between their sister Rose and the character of Laura noted several
differences between Rose and Laura: "But Laura is not

Mary Ellen Walker Harper Published A Wealth Of Short Stories
Francis Ellen Walker Harper published a wealth of short stories, poetry, essays, and novels in the
middle to late 1800s. She was born into a politically active free family, attended her uncle's school,
and became the first female teacher at the Union Seminary. Harper's uncommonly extensive
education allowed her to become a skilled writer on topics that interested her, such as politics, civil
rights, feminism, and religion. She used this skill and passion to become very economically and
emotionally independent. Though this was unusual for a woman, it was clearly important for Harper.
Much of her writing echoes her identity as a middle class woman of color who supported herself
through writing. This radical way of life for a woman in her position is celebrated in her short story,
"The Two Offers". In "The Two Offers", Francis Ellen Watkins Harper applauds female economic
and emotional independence through her characters Janette and Laura.
For the most part, society's conception of women in the 19th century influenced the portrayal of
female characters in writing generated during that time. The Cult of Domesticity claimed that true
womanhood was marked by a natural inclination to domesticity and submissiveness. All women
were thought to be weak, and writers often wrote off their female characters succumbing to their
"natural" weakness by death or suicide, a result of their inability to handle life's trials and
tribulations. In "The Two Offers", Harper does not step completely

Analysis Of Jeannie Gunn's ' We Of The Never Had '
Today, social media is one of the central outlets that people use to communicate and gather
information. On social media, individuals "like," "pin," "retweet," and more to express their
satisfaction or disapproval regarding the global happenings and their personal worlds. On Twitter,
sub–tweeting is a form of gossip and has caused much discord between individuals. At the end of
the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century, another form of technology, telegramming,
functioned as a form of gossip. In Jeannie Gunn's autobiographical narrative, We of the Never–
Never (1907), the telegram is a turn–of–the–century form of social media, serving as a major tool in
communication and the barometer of the social climate of the text. The telegrams embedded in the
text expose the private messages that are under the surface of written text. While telegrams would
not have been a new invention when Jeannie Gunn wrote this account of her experiences in the early
twentieth century, as being one of the first white women in her part of the bush, telegrams were still
vital to the "success" of colonization in the harsh conditions of Australia. This paper will describe
the critical role of the telegram in the colonization of Australia through an analysis of Gunn's text
and its historical context. Also, I will analyze the role that gossip plays in Gunn's fashioning and
portrayal of herself in the novel. Additionally, I will examine how Gunn is able to exist outside of
the wired space and to

Arriving At Moral Perfection And The Declaration Of...
In literature, authors create pieces to impact the future, rather than simply mirroring the time in
which they were created through mentioning occurrences of the past. Benjamin Franklin's "Moral
Perfection", Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address", and Thomas Jefferson's "The Declaration of
Independence" have tremendously shaped the future by affecting the way that people think and
write. The authors of these various compositions undertake the objective of hooking readers to the
writing piece and allowing them to think in a way that would have an effect on their actions or
thoughts. Literature's primary goal is to influence the future in a way such that the reader can make
wiser decisions in comparison to the decisions the authors originally ... Show more content on
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In Jefferson's declaration, he writes, "[f]or imposing Taxes on us without our Consent; For depriving
us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury" (94), explaining why the men of the colonies find
it necessary to withdraw from the British superpower. With this document, Jefferson influences the
stability of future nations through the French revolution and other revolutions located in Latin
America. Jefferson exhibits the basic human rights such as "...a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requir[ing] that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation" (92).
By explaining those rights, people can be informed if their rights are being restricted, or completely
infringed, which would assist them in starting a revolution for the change of their government. "The
Declaration of Independence" makes sure to inform the reader that one should do what is necessary
to achieve one's aspirations. People both in the near and distant utilize "The Declaration of
Independence". This is explained when David Armitage writes in his article, "[d]uring the first great
age of declaring independence, other declarations generally alluded to the opening and closing
paragraphs of the American Declaration..." (63). He explains that Jefferson's declaration of war
helps inspire other countries to separate from their tyrannical mother countries and earn
independence. If

The Center Can Not Hold My Journey Through Madness
Literature Review– "The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness" by Elyn R. Saks For
this literature review, I decided to read an autobiographical novel called "The Center Cannot Hold"
at the suggestion of my individual supervisor at Sharp Mesa Vista, who said it was the best first–
hand account of schizophrenia that she had ever read. The novel tells the story of Elyn Saks' lifelong
struggle with schizophrenia. For the most part, Elyn had a normal childhood with loving parents.
However, as early as the age of 8 years old she began to experience some early symptoms such as
intense compulsions, night terrors and even believing that houses were putting thoughts into her
head. At twelve years old she stopped eating properly and lost a lot of weight. Even at a young age,
Elyn believed that there was something terribly wrong with her and did her best to hide her
condition from her family. As a teenager Elyn briefly experimented with drugs and was sent by her
parents to an intense drug rehab after–school program which taught her that psychotropic drugs of
any kind are bad and that any personal obstacle can be overcome with sheer force of will. In part
due to this lesson that Elyn learned early on, she spent decades resisting medications outright or
secretly reducing her dosages after agreeing to take medications. This reminded me of the
importance of assessing the meaning behind taking medications with clients. When Elyn went off to
college at Vanderbilt, she describes

Definitions Of Memories In Wright's Black Boy By Richard...
In Richard Wright's Black Boy, there are a lot of memories explained considering the novel is an
autobiography. According to psychological studies, memories are close to never accurate. Therefore,
Wright's descriptions of some of his traumas could not possibly valid. Although Richard Wright
wrote Black Boy as an autobiography, he made the book fictitious when expressing his memories.
The first example is on the first page when Wright talks about the time he set his grandmother's
house on fire at the age of four. Four–year–old children are not capable of remembering events in
great detail. He also expresses the conversation he and his three–year–old brother had. This makes
no sense whatsoever because toddlers cannot have full conversations. ... Show more content on
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The thought of a 37–year–old recalling an event from over 30 years prior is unattainable, especially
since toddlers are unable to process episodic memories, or autobiographical events.
Memories are always altered when citing them. "Our memory is never a literal recount of past
experiences. Rather, it is dependent on the constructive processes present at encoding and
reconstructive processes present at retrieval, both of which are subject to potential errors and
distortions" (Vranić and Tonković 1). As a result of this statement, how could Wright be so specific
with the memories he explains in his autobiography? Especially when some of these occurrences are
from when Wright was at a fairly young age. As stated by Lew, Pashler, and Vul, "Most
investigations of long–term memory examine recollection in an all–or–none manner: either a
memory is recalled/recognized or it is not" (1). Therefore, there is the possibility of Wright
remembering an incident slightly from his childhood. Nonetheless, the fact that he can explain the
dialogue between him and his brother when Wright had set his grandmother's house on fire is
absurd.
Lastly, Wright's memories are most likely processed wrong compared to what really happened due
to the fact that traumatic memories are infrequently correct. "Processing during trauma may be
predominantly data–driven (or bottom up) rather than conceptual (top down). Data–driven
processing results in poor and fragmented

Comparing Douglass My Bondage And My Freedom
"Language itself is so value–laden as to render value–neutrality almost impossible" sums up
Douglass's work titled My Bondage and My Freedom (Arthur Holmes). A writer cannot create any
pieces without an addition of feeling. This feeling is present through the author's wording. Every
word an author decides to be included holds some emotional, added value. This emotional value is
incredibly important because without emotion a text lacks significance to its audience. Without
emotion, the reader cannot connect with the text and, in return, the text has no interest attached to it.
However, with emotion, the author's audience is able to connect and identify critical literary
elements. Also, the reader, while going through the work, can pick up on multiple occurrences when
there is more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the first topics the reader studies is Douglass' master's wife. He describes her in an amiable
and respectful way. He uses word such as "benevolent", "good lady", "a most kind and tenderhearted
women", and "fervent piety" to illustrate her. Even after she tries to halt his exploration of
knowledge, he stills speaks of her with the same benevolence. On the other hand, Douglass
characterizes his younger self with harsher terms. He depicts himself by writing remarks related to
"mental darkness", "too thoughtful to be happy", "horrible and desolate", and "my wretched
condition". The reader is somewhat surprised by the author's use of wording. One would expect
Douglass to speak more severely towards his owners. After all, they were the people who kept him
from a life of freedom. However, he saves the harsh words to describe his adolescent self. This
makes the reader thoughtful in response to Douglass's piece. Readers want to understand more about
why the writer depicts himself in such a unhappy condition. Nevertheless, Frederick Douglass
verbiage not only helps compile a mood of competitiveness, but also a tone of

George Orwell's Shooting An Elephant
To kill an elephant
George Orwell tells "Shooting an Elephant" about something that happened to him when he was
deputy police inspector of the colonial regime in Burma during the 1920s. Orwell is called to solve
the problem of an elephant in zeal that has been released and is doing damage in the bazaar. When
Orwell, with a gun to kill elephants in hand, finally finds the animal, this one, who has killed a man,
is quietly grazing in a rice field and no longer represents any danger to anyone. At that moment, it
would be logical to watch the elephant for a while to make sure that the zeal has passed.
"Shooting an Elephant" is a short essay of just three pages, which tells an autobiographical incident
experienced by the English writer George Orwell, when he served as a soldier of the British empire
in Burma. An imperial guard came, on orders from his superior, to a small hamlet where a
domesticated elephant had sowed panic among the native population. At the arrival of the guard, the
elephant seems already appeased and rests quite a few blocks from the town center. With the rifle in
his hand, the guard turns to the animal, followed by an expectant crowd. On the way, the guard
realizes that the danger has passed, and thinks, without saying, that ... Show more content on
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Flattery is intimidating. The blackmail of applause is effective. Irresistible, many times. We can
defend ourselves easier from insults than from compliments. It is not difficult, for example, to detect
in the press columnists, in the customary opinion, a phrase or a loose commentary in which they
deny or exaggerate their convictions in order to listen to the silent but visible applause of the
netizens. University teachers, according to recent research, deliberately reduce the difficulty of
testing in order to increase their popularity or to get a better grade in the end–of–semester
assessments. The courtship of popular favor leads to the worst form of betrayal, to betrayal of

Rhetorism In Sons And Lovers
According to Paul de Man, every text presents a language problem that underlies and determines the
interpretation of that text. This is a problem of whether the text should be taken literally or
figuratively (rhetority or figurality) and also because all poems/texts have multiplicity of meanings,
value and appeal. In order to resolve this language problem, there is the need to create a context
which will help in the interpretation of the text. Thus, the linguistic texture of the text involve, all
the works of the author or writer in question, the genre of the text as well the biography of the writer
can be considered as a means of interpreting the text. In this deconstructive interpretation of D.H.
Lawrence's "Sons and Lovers", a biographical context has been created in an attempt to analyse the
text by outlining and matching up incidents and/or events, and characters in the novel which are
projections of real life events and people in the life of the author himself. Indeed, there are so many
things in "Sons and Lovers" that bear resemblances to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers because it bears resemblance to Lawrence's life– it reflects the
childhood and family life of the author. Many of the details of the novel's plot are based on
Lawrence's own life and there are many similarities between characters in the novel and the people
who in one way or the other have been very instrumental in his life, particularly members of his
family and the women he was involved with. Even though certain events and characters are
changed, minimized, remolded or exaggerated, the core of the novel is based on Lawrence's own
experience. Indeed, there are several elements in the novel– setting, incidents and/or events,
characters, themes and conflicts– which have their real life counterpart for which reason the novel
can easily be identified as an

Analysis Of The Movie ' Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless...
There are many movies where memory is portrayed inaccurately. In the film, Eternal Sunshine of
the Spotless Mind, memory removal was depicted through the patient reliving memories by viewing
them as if they were recorded movie. However, this does not accurately depict memory, or the
process of retrieving memories. In order to understand how memory is falsely portrayed in this film,
it is important to recognize the different types of memory, and the areas of the brain in which
memory is involved. This paper will review a scene of the movie Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless
Mind, and will identify the misleading factors about the way memory is portrayed and
misrepresented. This paper will also discuss the important, factual details of memory, the parts of
the brain involved in memory, describe individuals with Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory
in detail and how these individuals are the closest to having perfectly accurate memories.
Introduction In psychology, memory is a hot topic for discussion, and for good reason. As humans,
most of us rely on memory for an abundant of reasons, even though most of us know that a lot of the
times our memories are altered, changed, or not what we perceive them as. We use it as a guide to
the past, even when some of us know that it is not necessarily reliable. But a good question is: how
do we review our memories? In movies, such as Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless mind, memories are
often portrayed as a movie,

Characteristics, Gender, And Class Affected
I. Problem and Its Characteristics, Gender, and Class Affected Demographic patterns across the
globe are changing, and older people constitute a growing proportion of the population. Although
many older adults enjoy well–being and satisfaction in later years, some experience psychiatric and
mental health difficulties. A topic of particular significance to professionals working with older
adults, both Veteran and non–Veteran, is the understanding, assessment, and treatment of
posttraumatic stress, as posttraumatic stress symptoms can emerge or re–emerge late in life
(National Center for PTSD, n.d.). In the general population, approximately 70% to 90% of adults
aged 65 and up have been exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event during their lifetime
(2). Gender differences exist in regard to trauma exposure. Based on a community sample of older
adults, about 70% of older men reported lifetime exposure to trauma; older women reported a lower
rate, around 41% (3). This research attributed the gender differential to combat exposure (3)
(National Center for PTSD, n.d.). Post–traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder in
which a person has experienced a traumatic event in his/her life (American Psychiatric Association,
2013). PTSD is a condition of that very few people knows, although it is more common than other
medical conditions as the diabetes. The PTSD is a condition that affects the body, the way of
thinking and how you act after having suffered a

Analysis Of 'The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night...
English Term 3 – Radio Transcript – The Curious Incident of The Dog in The Night–Time (Mark
Haddon) INTERVIEWER: Greetings and welcome to The Show. I'm Interviewer and today we have
acclaimed writer, Mark Haddon here with us to discuss his widely popular 'The Curious Incident of
The Dog in The Night–Time'. Written in the form of an autobiographical murder mystery, the story
is narrated from the perspective of a 15–year–old boy, Christopher Boone, who has Asperger 's
Syndrome, essentially a form of autism. However, as time goes on, the story develops past the
standard whodunit novel into something a little bit deeper and thicker, overall, highlighting the
potential difference and exemplified perspective brought forward by Asperger's ... Show more
He is also aware of his lack of apprehension of other aspects of life and so throughout the tale, he
gets heavily misinterpreted by the majority of society. Regardless though, within his parameters, his
eccentricity allows him a wider range of analysis to decipher the situation rather than becoming
discombobulated and feart. Also, as far as maintaining relationships, I'd say it 's an area of
Christopher that needs work. His acknowledgement of his list of behavioural nodi well indicates his
unintentional disregard for other people in 'A. Not talking to people for a long time.' coupled with
the footnote 'Once I didn 't talk to anyone for 5 weeks,' making it fairly definite that he is unaffected
by an absence of social presence. Another strong example of this is initially where "The policeman
took hold of my arm. I didn 't like him touching me. And this is when I hit him." My use of
simplistic recount–like sentences helps extend his illness beyond him just being gauche. Despite
facing authority, the severe reaction to touch signals his hypersensitivity, instinctually swinging at
him. Often times touch can be used as an enhancement of expression, body language and emotions
which can build upon and strengthen relationships, however,

Summary Of Sarah Bryan Piatt's The Old Slave Music
Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt's "The Old Slave–Music" is an instance that shows how American
literature focused on the struggles faced by those who were not able to enjoy the same freedoms as
she details the lasting impact of the horrors of slavery. She provides commentary on the issue of
slavery in America as she describes "a phantom moan/ From the deep and buried South" (Piatt 8–9).
Piatt makes the point with these words that, although the Civil War has ended and many think that
slavery is finished, the effects of something evil like slavery will continue to haunt America well
past the Civil War era. Piatt emphasizes with this poem how wrong it is to deprive people of
freedom. Harriet Ann Jacobs contributes to this idea as well in her autobiographical work "Incidents
in the Life of a Slave Girl." In the book, Jacobs details what life was like as a slave and provides
true, first–hand experiences that counter the idea of freedom in America. Jacobs, for instance,
describes how slaves who did not comply with their masters' wishes were jailed or whipped "till the
blood flows at his feet" (Jacobs 11). This emphasizes the idea of the lack of freedom for certain
groups as it shows how African–Americans were treated as property, sold, abused and forced to
submit to the will of white men. Jacobs' account of her experiences are telling as to the unfortunate
irony of the amount of emphasis put on freedom in America when slavery was rampant in the
nation. The documentary Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives also presents
the counter to America's value of freedom during this period as it provides firsthand accounts of the
true horror of slavery. For instance, one story from a woman named Katie Darling describes how her
master would not even allow the slaves the freedom of mourning their deceased. Another narrative
from Sarah Gudger describes how all her life she has "never known nothing but work" (Unchained
Memories). Stories like these expose the harshness and intensity of slavery, and when understanding
the depth of the reality of this captivity, one cannot affirm the claim that Americans completely
valued freedom throughout their history. Each of these works shows the focus of American literature
on the

The Stages Of Memory And How The Staged Interact
Memory is one's ability to encode, retain and recall stored information of what happens, happened
or what is happening in our daily life. Memories not only demonstrate the brain's complexity but
also not simply recorded and neatly stored. Our memories are selected, constructed, and edited not
just by us but by the world around us. In 1960s, Atkinson and shiffrin developed the three model of
how our memory system for example information enters from our physical environment through our
senses into our sensory memory and the moves to our short term memory and finally to the long
term memory and then back to the short term memory when we need to reuse the information. This
paper will be discussing the three stages of memory and how the staged ... Show more content on
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Iconic memory registers an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a brief period of
time which is less than one second. The capacity of the iconic memory is known to be large
although its duration is very limited for example in sperling's full report procedure, he had his
participants try to report the entire matrix of letters but over a couple of trials, the participants
recalled 4 to5 letters on average and when he tried his other procedure which is the sperling's partial
report procedure, the participants only had to report a small part of the presented letter matrix which
included , an indicated row by an auditory cue on each trial. A high pitched tone indicated that the
top row had to be recalled, a medium– pitched tone which was the middle row and the low pitched
tone which was the bottom row. With this procedure, sperling found that as the time delay increased,
the participants' recall of the cued row worsened which meant that the matrix was fading very
quickly from the memory.
SHORT TERM MEMORY
The second stage of memory is called the working memory which is defined as the brief, immediate
memory for a limited amount of material that we are currently processing and it also actively
coordinates our ongoing working materials. Working memory is sometimes called the short term
memory and when this information is rehearsed, it's transferred into a more permanent storage and it
is remembered at a later time. We can

Flashbulb Memories
Human Memory 207, Do Flashbulb memories differ from other forms of memory? "Our past is
preserved in a variety of memories of very different nature" (Salaman, 1970) There are many
proposed divisions and sub–divisions of human memory, such as working memory, procedural
memory, semantic memory or episodic memory. Many of the systems seem to overlap, with each
having varying functions related to the maintenance of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this reconstruction, personal consequentiallity is applied after an event once is importance is
measured within society. This also questions the validity and accuracy of "flashbulb memories" in
that they are memories actively reconstructed and transformed over time. Neisser & Harsch (1992)
measured flashbulb memories of the shuttle challenger explosion. They found that after one day 9
subjects claimed to have learned of the event from television, however 34 months later this figure
had risen to 19. As a further nail in the coffin for Brown and Kulik's flashbulb memory hypothesis
Christianson & Loftus (1987) found that high emotion served to narrow attention to focus to the
central aspects of an event a the expense of peripheral details. This would seem to indicate that the
idiosyncratic details associated with flashbulb memories are more reconstructive, as the periphery
surrounding an event is filled in on rehearsal. At this point it may appear that flashbulb memories
are little more than a cultural phenomenon involving an enhancement of ordinary memories and
therefore not different from them. McCloskey et al (1988) have pointed out that ordinary memories
can be accurate and long lasting due to frequent rehearsal. FMs are therefore may be ordinary
memories retained to some unusually high standard of clarity. However there has been a
considerable backlash in support of uniqueness of

The Yellow Wallpaper Injustice
Charlotte Perkins Gilman addresses two distinct social injustices in her short story "The Yellow
Wallpaper." She discusses the 19th Century oppression of women and the treatment those with
mental illnesses endured. Gilman herself has experience with both injustices, which is why her story
is considerably semi–autobiographical. She conjures up fictional story with the help of the realities
of society and some factual personal experiences. Gilman exposes the actualities of such injustices
in a way that reveals their truths to her readers and condemns those who use and accept them.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman parallels the character Jane in the story "The Yellow Wallpaper" through
her own experience with and knowledge of women's oppression and ... Show more content on
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Gilman begins the story telling how Jane is oppressed not only by her husband, but by any male
authority figure. This is evident when Jane states, "If a physician of high standing and one's own
husband, assures friends and relatives that there is nothing the matter with one but temporary
nervous depression...a slight hysterical tendency... what is one to do?" (Gilman 310). This statement
is the first instance where Gilman shows the reader that men hold a higher status in society. Hudock
shares that the 19th century society was built on unequal power in relationships which caused
women to lack courage and self–esteem to assert themselves (1–3). As the story continues Jane tells
how she feels in her relationship with John. She states, "It is hard to talk with John about my case,
because he loves me so" (Gilman 315). It shows that she definitely lacks courage and self–esteem to
assert herself when it comes to John, and again when she says, "I am a comparative burden already"
(Gilman 312). It can be inferred that there is more to the oppression of women than just merely
being restrained to a societal standard. These statements also tie into Hudock's belief that men who
hold power deprive women of meaningful activity, purpose, and self–definition (1–3). Jane
understands that because she is a woman there are certain trials

Essay On David Sedaris
American writer David Sedaris is a distinguished person. He has nine essay collections, most of
which are best sellers. It all started with "SantaLand Diaries," an essay that was the spark to his
flaring fame. He is the second of six children and was born and raised in North Carolina but has
been living in Europe for a long time with his partner Hugh Hamrick. His works receive critical
acclaim and adoration from readers. His works were nominated to and won several awards as well.
(Wikipedia, "David Sedaris")
Sedaris' writings are personal essays, which should provide great insight into his personality due to
its autobiographical nature. Important concepts to and features of him that manifested clearly in his
writings were perfectionism, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the interview with the Dutch host, he explained how his obsession was "out of control" until he
got into writing and learned to focus more on his diaries than on his crazes. He asserts his need for
constant "order in [his] life." A clear sample of this cleanness and order compulsion was when he
said, "That's the only way I'd allow a dog in my house, dead, in a box," referring to the dog in a
showcase in his Sussex home. Additionally, in the same interview, he's shown picking up trash from
public places to establish a cleaner and more perfect world (Brands, "David Sedaris"). Another
instance was when he mentioned that, he "rewrite[s] 18 times" in his interview with Jonathan Ross
in the UK (Ross, "David Sedaris Interview with Jonathan Ross"). I understand that he is a writer and
needs to make his works publishable but it doesn't deny the fact that it's still a huge number. He also
explicitly stated these characteristics in Me Talk Pretty One Day when he pointed out that he wanted
to "create [an] identity for [himself]: David the hard worker, David the cut–up" (171) in his French
class during his stay in

Summary Of Booker T Washington's Up From Slavery
Former slave, Booker T. Washington, explores the merits and nobility of labor and responsibility to
one's community in his autobiographical novel Up From Slavery. Washington's forthcoming read
examines not only his personal plight following the start of Reconstruction but is a primary source
in providing a perspective and voice to a group of people that until now, had been previously been
left out of history. Originally written as a series in Outlook magazine, his nonfiction prose serves as
a piece of self–praised writing, that chronological tells the story of how an emancipated slave
became an influential African American leader. However, Washington's examination of race
relations and his thoughtful details into African America life provided both social and political
contexts for decades of American history. Most importantly, Up From Slavery irrefutably details
Washington's believe that with a "foundation in education, industry, and property" African
Americans will have learned everything needed to live a prosperous life post slavery (Washington
44).
Aside from the plantation narrative and Jim Crow propaganda, accurate accounts of African
American life during and the period following slavery are very slim. Up From Slavery unearthed an
outlook that's significant gravity was largely unfelt for years following the books release.
Washington's description of his early childhood began when he was still a slave living in Virginia,
born eighty something years following American

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