This document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines key concepts like data, information, knowledge, and the difference between them. It also describes the different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, decision support systems, and office information systems. The document outlines the five basic components of an information system as hardware, software, data, processes, and human users. It provides examples of both manual and computerized information systems.

1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM
Andino Maseleno
http://maseleno.blogspot.com
andinomaseleno@mail.ru

2. Goal of this Course
• This class is a broad introduction to Information System (IS)
• IS is a very broad field with many subareas
• We will cover many of the primary concepts/ideas

3. Data, Information, and Knowledge
• Data:
• Raw facts. Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of
hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
• Information:
• Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value
beyond the facts themselves
• Process:
• Set of logically related tasks
• Knowledge:
• Awareness and understanding of a set of information

4. Types of Data

5. • Alphanumeric (sometimes shortened to alphameric) is a
combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is
used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic
digits or a text constructed from this collection.
• Merriam-Webster observes that the term "alphanumeric"
may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as
punctuation and mathematical symbols.
• In the POSIX/C locale, there are either 36 (A-Z0-9, case
insensitive) or 62 (A-Za-z0-9, case-sensitive)
alphanumeric characters.

12. What is an Information System?
• Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements
that:
• Collect (input)
• Manipulate (process)
• Store
• Disseminate (output) data and information
• Provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an
objective

13. What is an Information System?
Feedback is critical to the successful operation of a system

14. Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
• Input:
• Activity of gathering and capturing raw data
• Processing:
• Converting data into useful outputs
• Output:
• Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents
and reports
• Feedback:
• Information from the system that is used to make changes to input
or processing activities

15. Manual and Computerized Information Systems
• An information system can be:
• Manual or computerized
• Example:
• Investment analysts manually draw charts and trend lines to assist
them in making investment decisions
• Computerized information systems:
• Follow stock indexes and markets and suggest when large blocks
of stocks should be purchased or sold

16. Manual Information System
Note: A trend line is formed when a diagonal line can be drawn between
two or more price pivot points. They are commonly used to judge entry
and exit investment timing when trading securities

17. Computerized Information System

18. Components of an information system

19. The 5 components that must come together in order to produce a
computer-based information system are:
1. Hardware: The term
hardware refers to
machinery. This category
includes the computer itself,
which is often referred to as
the central processing unit
(CPU), and all of its support
equipments. Among the
support equipments are
input and output devices,
storage devices and
communications devices.

20. Basic hardware of a computer

23. Functions of the Basic Hardware of a Computer

25. 2. Software: The term software refers to computer programs and
the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are
machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the
hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce
useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on
some input / output medium,often a disk or tape.

26. 3. Data: Data are facts that are used by programs to produce
useful information. Like programs,data are generally stored in
machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer
needs them.

27. 4. Processes: Processes are the policies that govern the
operation of a computer system. " Processes are to people
what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used
to illustrate the role of procedures in a system.

28. 5.Human: Every system needs human if it is to be useful. Often the
most over-looked element of the system are the people, probably
the component that most influence the success or failure of
information systems.

29. Differences between data and information

30. Differences between data and information
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized
to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent
or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales
territory.

31. A four level pyramid model of different types of information systems
based on the different levels of hierarchy in an organization

39. Categories of information system

40. Transaction Processing System

42. Management Information System

43. Executive Information System

44. Decision Support System

45. Information Systems to support decisions

46. Office Information System

47. Expert System

51. Characteristics of Valuable Information

52. Information Systems Are More Than Computers
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the
systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the
environment.

53. The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information
Technology
There is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business
capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require
changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the
organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.

54. Information SystemeTran Manager
• The main designation of information system eTran Manager
2.0 is overall encompassing of processes, related to fleet
management of vehicle . This is corporate management
information system, which combines administrative, technical
and accounting-financial information.
• The software system addresses wide range of tasks in keeping
up-to-date information about vehicles in use, drivers,
insurances, roadworthiness tests, planned maintenance and
repairs. Managed operational data includes information about
course routes, traveling payments in the country and abroad,
fuel and oil expenses, tires mileage and expenses, planned or
accidental repairs expenses, incomes from the activity, as well
as other generalized and analytical information. Various reports
are supported.
• The information system eTran Manager can be integrated
with other information systems (billing system, GPS, ERP
system …), which work in the company and her suppliers.