Fundamentals of information system.

1. Fundamentals of
information system.

3. Data
• In general, data is any set of characters that has been
gathered and translated for some purpose, usually analysis.
It can be any character, including text and numbers, pictures,
sound, or video. If data is not put into context, it doesn't do
anything to a human or computer.
• Within a computer's storage, data is a collection of numbers
represented as bytes.

4. Types of data
• Primitive data types
Primitive data types are typically types that are built-in or basic to a
language implementation.
• Boolean type
The Boolean type represents the values true and false.
• Numeric types
The integer data types, or "non-fractional numbers".

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• String and text types
Alphanumeric character. A letter of the alphabet, digit, blank space,
punctuation mark, etc.
Floating point data types
usually represent values as high-precision fractional values (rational
numbers, mathematically),

6. • :

7. information
• Define:After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data
can again be perceived as information.
•
Information is essential to finding your route to university in the
morning, writing an essay, getting the right ingredients for a recipe,
conducting an experiment, renting a flat, filling in a job application form,
exam revision and for many, many other everyday and not-so-everyday
tasks.

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• Information has following properties:
• Objective: One of the key properties of information is its
objectiveness. Objective information is a key component of any
modern scientific research.
• Subjective: Set of information which is useful to science may be
abstract or irrelevant for others. Therefore, information is subjective
also.
• Temporary: Information is temporary with every update in the
database.

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• For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for
the following characteristics −
• Timely − Information should be available when required.
• Accuracy − Information should be accurate.
• Completeness − Information should be complete.
•

10. Data Processing Cycle
• Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of data by people
or machine to increase their usefulness and add values for a particular
purpose. Data processing consists of the following basic steps - input,
processing, and output. These three steps constitute the data
processing cycle.
DDATA TRANSFER INFO.

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• Input − In this step, the input data is prepared in some convenient form
for processing.
• Processing − In this step, the input data is changed to produce data in
a more useful form.
• Output − At this stage, the result of the proceeding processing step is
collected.

14. Information system
• Define: set of coordinated network of components which act together
towards producing, distributing and or processing information

16. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
• 1. Transaction Processing Systems
A transaction processing system provides a way to collect, process, store,
display modify or cancel transactions. Most of these systems allow multiple
transactions to take place simultaneously. The data that this system collects is
usually stored in databases which can be used to produce reports such as
billing, wages, inventory summaries, manufacturing schedules, or check
registers.
• 2. Management Information Systems
A management information system is an information system that uses the data
collected by the transaction processing system and uses this data to create
reports in a way that managers can use it to make routine business decisions in
response to problems. Some of the reports that this information system creates
are summary, exception and ad hoc reports. All this is done to increase the
efficiency of managerial activity.

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3. Decision Support Systems
• A decision support system helps make decisions by working and analyzing data that
can generate statistical projections and data models.
4. Expert Systems and Neutral Networks
• An expert system, also known as a knowledge-based system, is a computer system
that is designed to analyze data and produce recommendations, diagnosis and
decisions that are controlled.
5. Information Systems in Organizations
• This information system collects, stores and processes data to give an organization
real time useful and accurate information. This information system encompasses data
gathering information from the people and machines that collect, process, output and
store data.

18. COMPONENTS OF IS…..
• Hardware
Information systems hardware is the part of an information system you can
touch – the physical components of the technology. Computers,
keyboards, disk drives, iPads, and flash drives are all examples of
information systems hardware.
• software
• Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
Software is not tangible – it cannot be touched. When programmers
create software programs, what they are really doing is simply typing out
lists of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

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• Data
The third component is data. You can think of data as a collection of
facts. For example, your street address, the city you live in, and your
phone number are all pieces of data.