The Ferguson Effect Paper

The Ferguson Effect Paper
However, some criminologist state that these statistics reveal very little about the cause of the
increase in violent crime. On the other hand there are some people such as Heather MacDonald
author of "Are Cops Racist?", in the Wall Street Journal who believe that "the most plausible
explanation of the current surge in lawlessness is the intense agitation against American police
departments over the past nine months" (Jonsson, 2015). There is a lot of back and forth debate of
whether or not The Ferguson Effect is "thing". Of course by accepting the "Ferguson effect" as a
new theory of policing on would have to admit that police officers are no longer doing their jobs out
of fear of public scrutiny. What is certain is that there has been a ... Show more content on
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Of that $20 million dollars, $17 million will go toward purchasing body cameras for police officers,
$2 million will go toward training and technical assistance and $1 million dollars will go toward the
development of evaluation tools. The $20 million dollars is just one installment in the Justice
Department three year program which is budgeted at $75 million dollars.
While many believe that body cameras will serve the purpose of holding police officers more
accountable to their actions others have expressed that body cameras present privacy concerns.
Nevertheless body cameras are being issued to police agencies all over the country in the wake of
other killings of African Americans by police officers. In cities such as Rialto, California use of
force by police officers has declined by almost 60 %. Is this a coincidence? I certainly do not think
so.
But where do we go after Ferguson? Body cameras are just one of many tools used to make policing
in American more transparent. But how can police agencies regain the trust of people in the
community. I wished that we had the answers to this questions but because this situation is still so
new there is still so much that needs to be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Issues Of Contemporary Law Enforcement
October 09, 2014 MEMORANDUM FOR SENATOR JANE DOE FROM: KIMBERLY
EMERSON SUBJECT: Issues in Contemporary Law Enforcement Senator Doe, first off I would
like to congratulation you on your appointment to the Committee on Crime and Criminal Justice.
This memo has been created to give you background knowledge in the contemporary issues in law
enforcement in the United States. There are three levels of law enforcement, the federal level, the
state level and the local level. Each of these levels is very different and comprised of different
departments held within. The jobs they do together make up an important conglomeration, as they
are our countries first line of defense. They provide us with homeland security, investigate crimes,
arrest offenders, and also provide detention and correction supervision. They provide us with crime
prevention assistance and help to ensure the general public safety of our citizens. On the federal
level, as of today, there are 65 different federal agencies and each agency provides its own degree of
defense support depending on, its mission, what it oversees at the federal level and its jurisdiction.
Within each agency there are a range of varying departments with their own mission and
jurisdiction. Some examples of the departments on the federal level include; The Department of
Defense, Department of Commerce, Department of Education, Homeland Security, Health and
Human Services, Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Army, the

The Relationship Between Police Officers And Citizens Essay
Perception is reality. What one person believes to be true will be true to them, regardless of what
others might think. Blame and perception are two subjects that go hand in hand. This is seen in
many aspects of American culture, particularly in the relationship between police officers and
citizens. When it comes to this relationship, people tend to take on very strong opinions either in
defense of one group or in accusation of another. The viewpoints people take typically depend on
which of the two groups they perceive to be good and which they perceive to be bad. These
perceptions then provoke people to create strong, generalized ideas of blame onto one group or
another for any disagreement that has taken place between the two.
This unacquitted blame has led to angry acts of violence, protests, and further division between law
enforcement officials and Americans nationwide. As described by Edward Stringham, writer for the
Wall Street Journal, "The past month has seen extraordinary killings, both by police officers and of
police officers, in St. Paul, Baton Rouge, and Dallas. All across the political spectrum, people agree
that American policing is in turmoil" (Stringham). This division has created a culture of fear,
distrust, and anger, and it is because of this hateful relationship that we see so much violence across
this country. For many, this feels like an immense and unfixable problem; however, I propose there
is a solution. I have created a plan in which

Reagan Administration: A Case Study
2. Large financial incentives have been given to low enforcement agencies to make drug arrests.
During Reagan administration, the huge grant were made to state and local law enforcement
agencies that were willing to make drug–law enforcement the top priority. The Edward Byrne
Memorial State and Local law enforcement encourage offers more than millions of dollars in federal
aids to state and local law enforcement agencies willing to wage the war. (Nationally,40% of all
Byrne grant is narcotics tasks and 90% of grant toward to the specific narcotics tasks forces) DEA
has offered the free training, intelligence and technology support to state highway patrol agencies
that are willing to commit their officers to highway drugs diction. The

The Dangers Of Law Enforcement
Dangers of Law Enforcement
Mason Robinette
1st Block
Travis D. Manley
4/16/2015
Dangers of Law Enforcement
Policing, even though it may not look as rough or as dangerous as it seems on the television, is a
very dangerous job. Police officers face many dangers daily, in their jobs. They never really know
the outcomes of any situation they get called in to. Dangers that policemen face are the risk of
getting shot, PTSD, biohazard exposure, dangers in making arrests and serious or minor trauma. All
of these dangers occur in different situations just in making a simple traffic stop, making an arrest,
hazmat scenes, and even directing traffic.
Police officers are constantly being faced with the unknown dangers all around them. Police face the
danger of getting shot in almost any situation. Policemen could get shot during a building search, or
even at a simple traffic stop. For example in San Antonio, Texas, a dash cam video was released
showing that an officer was making a routine traffic stop because a man in a truck ran a stop sign.
When the truck pulled over, the driver hopped out of his truck and began shooting at the officer. The
officer began to return fire and in doing so he shot and killed the driver. Reports state that the
Officer stopped Michael Bradley because he didn 't come to a complete stop at a stop sign. As the
Officer conducted the stop, Michael Bradley fired four shots from his vehicle. The President of the
San Antonio Municipal Officers

Drugs, Law And Race
Drugs, Law and Race in American "We have defeated Jim Crow, but now we have to deal with his
son, James Crow Jr., esquire." (Whitaker) Those words by the reverend Al Sharpton summarize the
feelings of many people about the modern face of racism in America. Unlike the Jim Crow laws of
the 1890's which created culture of overt discrimination enforced through fear. Modern day racism
does not use blunt force, the fear of the lynch mob, or even outright separate but equal laws. It is
more covert and sophisticated using the current laws and justice system to entrap many African
Americans in the prison system. A 2008 report by the civil rights organization Human Rights Watch
documented major racial disparities in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He used a political rhetorical technique known as the Southern Strategy. By using racially coded
rhetoric on issues of crime, he was able to tap into poor and working–class whites', particularly in
the South, deeply held beliefs about African Americans and their links to drug use and other
criminal behavior. According to mass communications scholar William Elwood, "Such rhetoric
allows presidents to appear as strong leaders who are tough on crime and concerned about domestic
issues and is strategically ambiguous to portray urban minorities as responsible for problems related
to the drug war and for resolving such problems." (Nunn, 391)
On June 19, 1986, University of Maryland basketball star and number two pick in the NBA draft by
the reigning champions at the time the Boston Celtics, Len Bias died of a cocaine overdose. Bias's
death shocked the nation and started a media frenzy centered mistakenly on crack cocaine instead of
powered cocaine which was the drug responsible for Bias's death. He became the poster child for
Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" anti–drug campaign. Congress responding to an outpouring of grief
and fear over the young man death quickly passed the he Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1986.
On October 27, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed the Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which
appropriated $1.7

Systems Theory, Ecological Theory And Sociological...
It goes without saying that police officers will respond to an unimaginable amount of domestic
violence investigations during their career. Sadly, these investigations have been found to account
for 22% of in the line of duty deaths (National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, 2016).
Lesson 1 of this course has introduced me to various theories to explain the causes of domestic
violence, which in turn has expanded on my perception of these investigations. I have chosen to
focus on the following theories: systems theory, ecological theory and exchange theory.
All the above noted theories are sociological perspectives. Proponents of sociological theories of
family violence believe that family violence is a normal part of family life (Gelles & Straus, 1979).
Specifically, systems theory proposes that domestic/family violence is normal rather than abnormal.
Systems theory suggests that the cycle of violence is a result of cause–effect. Whether or not the
violence continues is directly related to the feedback from the violence. Positive feedback increases
the likelihood of future violence, whereas negative feedback reduces the likelihood of violence
(Straus, 1973).
Ecological theory is similar to systems theory, in that it focuses on interrelated networks that either
influence or discourage violent behavior. Donald Dutton ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Exchange theorists identify three points of the cause of violence; 1. Violence occurs when the
rewards outweigh costs, 2. A lack of social controls within the family decrease the potential costs,
thereby increasing violence, 3. Inequality within family and social structures reduce the costs and
thereby increase the rewards of using violence (Gelles, 1983). Proponents of this theory believe that
to reduce family violence the rewards must be decreased, and the costs must be

Analysis Of Austin Armour 's ' The Side Of Ficer '
Austin Armour
UFID 4264–9608
In today's society police forces all across the nation are undergoing extreme scrutiny due to
numerous instances that have taken place. While the media seems to be focusing on the negative
aspects of these instances and stirring even more controversy, I think that a pivotal part of the story
isn't being told. This part of the story comes from the officers' perspective; the perspective of the
people that are sworn to uphold the law and to protect the citizens in their community. This paper is
designed to bring light to that side of the story, the side of the officer, the importance of their
position, the dangers that they face on a daily basis to protect members of the community, and how
as a public we can better understand and appreciate what police officers do for us each and every
day.
This first section is designed to delve into the safety measures that officers put into place to ensure
their safety and the safety of the community. First and foremost we must take into account the
officers safety. A memo titled, " Officer Safety and Wellness" from the United States Department of
Justice included this statistic:
"Data from Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) reports that 57,268 officers
were assaulted on duty in 2009, with 18,672 of those events occurring at locations from which
officers received disturbance calls. This was followed by 8,797 officers assaulted while attempting
to make an arrest and 7,274 assaults sustained

Law Enforcement and Police Stress Essay
Police Stress As crime coexists with humanity, the presence of the police force ensures the
suppression of crime and the safety for our society. Every occupation has its own work stress. What
is unique is all the different stress found in one job. Aside from the heroic services police officers
perform in their duty, they experience overwhelming stress in their daily duty. Police stress refers to
the negative pressures related to police work (Police Stress, n.d.). In order to maintain peace and
order, there must be an effective police force up and running. For that to happen, departments need
to be aware and deal with the negative effects caused by police stress. Whereas, police officers must
conquer their stress in order to work at their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Police officers pull drivers over for a number of reasons, ranging from driving recklessly to
suspicion of possessing illegal substances. Traffic stops pose stress onto police officers because of
its hazards. First, police officers risk the chance of getting hit by incoming traffic. According to the
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, over 150 U.S. Law enforcement officers were
killed since 1999 by getting struck by vehicles along America's highways (National Safety
Commission, 2012). When a police officer pulls over a driver, he or she is focused on documenting
information on the incident report, leaving him or her open to the risk of getting hit by incoming
vehicles. Second, police officers are caught in a dilemma when making a traffic stop. Chances are
that drivers stopped try to injure or even kill the officer. Yet, officers are expected to maintain
friendliness at best or neutral at worst. Police officers lower their guard when they approach the
driver in a friendly manner. If the officer adopts a continuous friendly approach, they may find
themselves attacked by hostile citizens or worst, killed because of losing one's guard. Though, the
friendly approach has its risks, the defensive approach has its consequences. When a police officer
approaches the driver with a guarded attitude, the officer will most likely forget the goal of
cooperating with the driver. Instead

Search And Fire Attack Case Study Examples
According to the After Action Report (1995), the first called to 911 was received at 9:03 a.m. At
9:07 a.m., there was an immediate response from law enforcement, the American Red Cross, the
salvation army, emergency medical and fire personnel, and a large number of citizens who
participated in a massive search and rescue effort (After Action Report, 1995). A stragery used by
citizens and emergency personnel to safely retrieve survivors and victims was the formation of
"human chains" while going inside the damaged federal building. According to the IB Times (2015),
"The Salvation Army served over 1,000 meals and provided over 100,000 ponchos, gloves, hard
hats, and knee pads to rescue workers following the explosion." In order to manage the massive
search and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Governor Frank Keating orders a "State of Emergency" and immediately releases all non–essential
state employees for safety measure in Oklahoma City. Furthermore, state resources authorization
included the activation of National Guard units. Initially, rescuers believe to have found a second
explosive device inside the debris of the Federal building. At 11:22 a.m. command post were able to
confirm no explosive devices had been found on the scene (After Action Report, 1995). In the
Introduction To Emergency Management case study (2011), President Bill Clinton's emergency
declaration was signed eight hours following the disaster and was the first time the Stafford Act,
granted the federal government (FEMA) the main responsibility to response to a domestic incident.
FEMA activated 11 Urban Search and Rescued (USAR) Task Forces. The USAR provided man
power, K–9 search teams, and additional extrication equipment (After Acton Report, 1995). From
April 19th to May 5th , over 12,000 participated in the search and rescue operations (IB Times,
2015). According to After Action Report, 911 recorded over 1,800 calls during the first hour after
the initial explosion and 488 calls were immediately

How 9/11 Changed America's Homeland Security
Just like every Tuesday, Jane got up and ready for work. She got up at her usual time, about six AM,
had a cup of coffee before she got her kids up and ready for school. As she's helping her three year
old daughter brush her teeth, Jane's husband came in and said his final goodbyes to his wife. Sadly,
neither Jane nor her husband knew that though. After about 7:45 AM Jane had her kids dropped off
at school or preschool and was now on her way to work at The World Trade Center. September 11th
use to be just a normal day in September until terrible events happened; these events changed
America's homeland security, started a war, and a memorial in New York. The World Trade Center
Towers collapsed, the pentagon had a plane crash through it, and Flight 93 crashed into a field on
September 11! Four planes were hijacked on September 11th but only three made it to their target.
American Airlines Flight 11 flew into the north tower of The World Trade Center at 8:47 AM
(Sullivan 25.) The plane flew into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Law enforcement are now trained to recognize acts related to terrorism and to report any suspicious
activities ("Federal Government Intelligence Sharing with State, Local and Tribal Law Enforcement:
An Assessment Ten Years After 9/11".) Classified and unclassified information is now even more
protected than they were before. The public will now be told very little of anything the police force
come in contact with. The only exception is when there is a threat against the homeland (1.)
Government and law enforcement started encouraging the public to report suspicious activity also
(2.) Like in bigger air ports like the Minneapolis airport has a video playing over and over to not
leave your bag unattended and to stay away from bags that are

The Journal Of Quantitative Criminology
The Journal of Quantitative Criminology distributes papers that are pertinent to the criminology
community that explore various criminology subjects. In an effort to improve relations between
police and the public whom which they are sworn to protect and serve, Chief of the Rialto (CA)
Police Department, Tony Farrar published a scientific study in the Journal of Quantitative
Criminology. The field studies performed by Chief Farar and his colleagues Dr. Arial Barak and Dr.
Alex Sutherland, both of Cambridge University received international awards, recognition and
praise for the abundance of data collected from the effects of body–worn cameras worn by police.
The National Institute of Justice is the evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice.
Missions of the Institute consist of, but are not limited to, research that provides tools to reduce
crime while also promoting justice for police and the communities they serve. Data from a study
conducted in 2013 which was funded by the Police Executive Research Forum, (PERF) was
originally intended to assist the Institute in the creation of an implementation plan and use of body–
worn police cameras. Information gathered by multi agency studies inspired the National Institute of
Justice, to continue independent ongoing research of the pros and cons of body–worn cameras by
police officers.
Some programs of The Bureau of Justice Assistance, (BJA) include countering terrorism, combating
drug crimes and abuse, protecting

The Impact of Rotating Shift Work on Police Officers
The impact of rotating shift work on police officers in terms of fatigue, increased stress, and other
long term medical problems cannot be overstated. In 2011, an in–depth research project, "Sleep
disorders, health, and safety in police officers" (JAMA, 2011), was conducted involving a group of
North American police officers in regards to the sleep disorders and the health and safety of the
officers participating. The study involved 4,957 officers that worked rotating shifts over a period of
approximately two years. The findings were startling and revealed that 3,930 officers (79.3%) were
overweight or obese. Another 40.7% tested positive for at least one (1) sleep disorder and the
majority of those that tested positive for a disorder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Vila (2006), data through the year 2003 indicated that more officers were killed by
"unattended adverse events than during the commission of felonies." Fatigue resulting from reduced
sleep, both in duration and quality, is a significant factor in unintentional injuries and fatalities in the
law enforcement community. Two hundred eighty seven (287) of the officers involved in the study
reported being involved in a motor vehicle collision during the follow up period. Fatigue and
drowsiness resulting from sleep disorders is believed to be a contributing factor in a significant
number of these collisions. Across 2009–2010, more than a third of line of duty deaths were
attributed to motor vehicle crashes (NLEMF, 2010). Sleepiness and fatigue are major factors in
motor vehicle collisions and drivers suffering from excessive sleepiness are not only involved in
more collisions, but the collisions are often more serious and result in more severe injuries (Drake,
2010). While, officers involved in the study regarded drowsy driving to be as serious and as
dangerous as drunk driving, almost half of the participants reported falling asleep while driving 1–2
times a month due to excessive sleepiness (JAMA, 2011). The loss of only two hours of sleep over
just a one week period was found to have the same decrease in performance comparable with
individuals after 24 hours of staying awake. The results of the study determined that sleep disorders
are not only common, but

Finding The Word Valor
When first hearing the word valor, one begins to subconsciously associate it with other words. One
such word is hero, but hero and valor are false synonyms. Many believe that because a person
demonstrates valor that he or she is inherently a hero. Valor is more than just heroism; it is about
caring for the ones around you more than yourself. Many men and women wake up each morning
with a set routine. Only a select few, however, wake up each morning unaware of what the day may
hold. These select few men and women are the police officers who serve to protect the public. These
men and women exemplify valor everyday that they dawn their uniforms and put others' lives before
their own.
2.
I didn't truly understand the concept of making a significant ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It spurs you. At least this is how I respond to failure, not with discouragement, but with a renewed
"I'll show them" attitude. My strongest motivation is my own failure. Through failure I have learned
resilience and fueled later success. During my freshman year of high school I joined the marching
band. My dyslexia caused me to struggle with marching orders. Right and left constantly became
jumbled in my head. I was teased and mocked for stumbling on the field by other band members.
Failure fueled my determination. It motivated me to practice and ask for help from my section
leaders. Eventually I overcame my dyslexia and won the marching competition at band camp.
Failure has helped me to develop into a stronger

Letter For Support For Recognizing My Husband, Frank R....
I am writing to request your support in recognizing my husband, Frank R. Norwood.
On Friday October 9th 2015 the Maine Military Funeral Honors Program performed their 12,000th
Military Funeral Honors Ceremony at The Maine Veterans Cemetery on Mount Vernon Road in
Augusta Maine.
Since the 2004 creation of the Maine Military Funeral Honors Program here in Maine, Frank built,
organized and trained a full time Team to perform Military Funerals for all United States Army,
honorably discharged Veterans in Maine.
The establishment of The Army National Guard Honor Guard Program was the result of the passage
of a law in fiscal year 2000. It states partially that the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2000 Title 10, Chapter 75, Section 1491, United States Code. The Secretary of Defense shall
ensure that, upon request, a funeral honors detail is provided for the funeral of any eligible Veteran.
Under Frank's leadership, The Maine 's Military Funeral Honors Team has performed over 12,000
Military Funerals for Veterans of Maine, 34 of which were Soldiers killed in action fighting the "war
on terror".
Since 2010, according to Maine Bureau of Veteran 's Services, Frank has developed the Maine 's
Military Funeral Honors Program to perform statistically 100% of Maine 's dying Army Veteran
population. His Team currently performs an average of 1232 Military Funerals per year.
The 100% performance rate is an achievement that no other state in the country has

Racial Protests And Its Impact On Black Culture
Surely, an outrage and protests were sparked during and after the investigation and ruling of the
case. Since Missouri's geographical location resides in the south, where Jim Crow laws originated,
racist protests also occurred. During black protests, newscasts adopted the term 'riots' and focused
explicitly on looting and arsons; ignoring marches of klansmen and arsonists who burnt down
Michael Brown Sr.'s church, NBC reports. But, the violence is focused mainly on black people's
'riots'. When white people burn cars after the Raiders football team loses the super bowl
(SFGate.com, Raider Rage) it is called 'protests'. The term #BlackLivesMatter was coined, gaining
solidarity to fight racism and promote unity in black culture. But, alternatively #AllLivesMatter
became coined at the same time. Google trends show by November of 2014 a ratio of 29:0 came up
for #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter. But, by December 2014 a ratio of 100:21 became
present, #AllLivesMatter being used to silence black protesters. It is similar to the situation of
attending a breast cancer research rally, and someone protesting that rally because other diseases
exist as well. In a black time of need, some of society did come to lend aid, but many others came to
silence and oppress further; in terms of social media, reporting, and even complete silence on the
topic.
Eric Garner died by a chokehold, chest compression, and underlying poor health, with the
chokehold being performed by a law

Police Operations
Police Operations Paper
Jessica Eley
Todd Larson
CJA/214
9/6/11
In the early 1900 policing made up of two basic functions patrolling and investigating crimes. Patrol
officers patrolled the areas mainly on foot requiring direct contact with the community they served.
The detectives investigated illegal gambling operations and corruption. Looking into modern
policing dangers in the job is a primary concern and how to improve measures for the safety of the
officers. The Taser is a less than lethal weapon used to stop individuals without fatally wounding
them. The use of modern technology in today's policing has become widespread in securing
Americas borders and every day policing duties. In policing there are applications ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Police workers experience various tasks, interpersonal and physical demands during police
operations that the majority of ordinary people never come across at their work or in their families.
These requirements and stressors negatively influence a physical and psychological condition that
may lead to more serious physical or mental damage or interruption role and physical demands for
policemen can develop a condition of constant overload called hyper stress. Typically, the number of
queries concerns and emergency calls exceeds the time assigned to a particular police worker.
Therefore, not only is the quality of the time given to each separate case and that's why each case at
risk, the mental and physical condition of the police worker is in jeopardy. Regarding investigators,
they experience heavy caseloads for which they are expected to follow prescribed case management
criteria.
Also, they find themselves within very limited time framework set by prosecutors who may keep
them under the pressure to finish the process as fast as they possibly can, so that the case can reach
the trial. Insomnia or permanent tiredness is often caused by hyper stress, as well as weight loss
/gain and different degrees of impairment of mental processes. On the contrary, hypo stress may
emerge from input under loads for police workers who work a 3rd shift and accept few or calls
during night

Police Misconduct And Abusive Behavior
Thomas Rouch
03/03/15
Mrs. Greenlee
Why Police Need To Be Respected More
Many law abiding citizens such as police officers risk their lives every day. Police officers are hired
to protect the citizens from cries of violence striking the citizens. The streets are a pen of rampant
criminals out of control. These people are inhumane bottles of vile that cannot be trusted. These
'vials' will stop at nothing to kill someone no matter who they are. Police misconduct is seen as
abusive behavior. A question should pop in everyone's head, what can I do to help society? Citizens
have widely spread that corruption or abuse is associated with all officers. I am here to address that
police officers, the majority, are not the issue. Respect goes a long way in today's society, but is
rarely tried. Police officers see misconduct and abusive behavior daily. This mentally affects them
and gives them another reason not to trust the citizens. With more jumpy officers and rampant
criminals, this gives officers a bigger responsibility to decide whether what is right and wrong. We
can agree that officers do gain the right to have higher authority over citizens. This is what their job
entails and is a must to enforce what is right. This also gives them the right to use deadly force under
the right circumstances. Statistically speaking over 9,000,000 crimes were committed in the United
States in 2012. This makes police officers more likely to applicate force knowing how dangerous
people can be.

Impacts and Ramifications of Stress in the Workplace Essay
In the workplace, stress can have some strong physical and mental effects on employees. To best
understand stress, it is first important to define it. Stress is defined as "a feeling of tension that
occurs when a person perceives that a given situation is about to exceed one's ability to cope and
consequently could endanger one's well being" (Hitt, Miller & Colella, 2011). Stress on the job is
usually the result of people feeling inadequate and unable to perform the given duties of a position
at a high level. This could be the result of not having the tools necessary to complete the work or
having an outside need that is unable to be met while performing duties. Today, we'll examine
different types of stress and the effects that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health problems can begin to add up over time as chronic stress is experienced. Next, stress can
either be positive or negative. Eustress is positive stress which can be invigorating and create drive
within an individual. This kind of stress causes an individual to strive toward meeting goals. A
project manager may experience eustress as critical steps on a complicated project are completed
successfully. Dystress is negative stress and is the one most people think of when thinking of stress
in general (Hitt, Miller & Colella, 2011). Dystress can lead to the chronic stress symptoms like
depression and anxiety. Stress can be further examined by exploring the demand–control model and
effort–reward model of workforce stress. The demand–control model analyzes the relationship
between an individual's workplace demands faced and control one has over meeting these demands.
If the workforce demands are high, but control over meeting these demands is low, job strain is at its
highest (Hitt, Miller & Colella, 2011). An example of this would be how a Best Buy associate is
required to ask every customer if they would like to purchase an extended warranty regardless of
whether he or she thinks a customer needs it or can afford it. The optimal result of a demand–control
model

Law Enforcement Officers Face Incredible Dangers Essay
Law enforcement officers have encountered some very deadly days. The life of a law enforcement
officer is one of constantly being aware of your surroundings, dealing with the uncertainty of not
knowing the individuals you have to approach, and being able to cope with the visual images seen
after vicious crimes. The life of a law enforcement officer, who protects and serves, is both
challenging and rewarding. The first law enforcement system was established in Boston,
Massachusetts over 350 years ago. During this time in the Colonies that were not heavily populated,
the sheriff served as the main law enforcement officer. During the 1800's, 24–hour law enforcement
service and systems similar to what is used today began to emerge (NLEMI). Law enforcement
officers face incredible dangers. With over 900,000 law enforcement officers nationwide the Federal
Bureau of Investigations reported approximately 1,165,383 violent crimes in 2014. Approximately
one law enforcement officer dies every 61 hours (NLEMI).The law enforcement profession is the
most challenging and dangerous career, because officers must be aware of every law and action they
take at all times, manage constant training and stress, and protecting others as well as themselves in
the line of duty. Law enforcement officers must be aware of the laws governing the state they work
in and analyze every action the decide to take. The number of statutes and laws is enormous. For
example, there are more than 20,000 federal laws

Case Review : The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office
Client's Background
The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office leads with one paradigm: "to serve and protect in partnership with
our community" (Jacksonville Sheriff's Office, 2017). According to a Hire Heroes USA, 20% of
returning veterans are seeking civilian law enforcement jobs. Military transition has long been a
standing controversy in this country. Men and women face an uphill climb as they reenter society.
Post–traumatic stress along with inability to pass entrance exams are hindrances upon veterans.
According to the 2017 national statistics, Florida will be the third state with the largest veteran
population by 2037 (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2016). This influx, will cause Jacksonville
to experience a population and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
JSO's strengths are mainly focused in the willingness that it to diversify. JSO's main threats are the
decreased funding, budget cuts, the community's negative perception, and better paying jobs. Since
the minority share in Jacksonville is 45% (Black 30.1%; Hispanic 8.2%, Asian 4.3%, Other 3.1%),
JSO has an excellent opportunity to diversify by improving recruitment efforts (Governing
Magazine, 2017). The recruitment initiatives should surpass those of the other police departments in
Jacksonville. Moreover, the presence of multiple military and naval bases in Jacksonville grants JSO
the possibility of reaching out to the veteran community.
The Law Enforcement Industry Today
The law enforcement industry has become a less desirable job for Americans nowadays. The current
shortage of police officer's applications across the country are attributed to the diminishing pay, bad
reputation, and dangerous nature of the job (Ali, 2017). Police departments around the country face
severe scrutiny after heavy attention was drawn to police brutality incidents. The general belief that
the law enforcement industry in America has a

Persuasive Essay On Gun Violence
An unarmed Australian woman in her pyjamas was tragically shot late Saturday night by a
Minneapolis police officer who had only been on the force for 2 years.
Justine Ruszczyk's mistake was greeting police as you or I would in Australia, after she had reported
what sounded like a woman being sexually assaulted in the alley behind her home in Minneapolis
late Saturday night.
The 40–year–old outgoing yoga teacher and faith healer living in Minneapolis with her fiancé and
his son, leaned into the driver's window of the patrol car to address the officers who had responded
to her call for help.
Newly recruited, Minneapolis Police officer Mohamed Noor, who was sitting in the passenger side
of the vehicle, apparently saw or heard something that startled him. He impulsively drew and fired
his gun across the chest of his partner, through the window, and struck Justine in the abdomen.
After 20 minutes of frantic CPR, Justine Ruszczyk suffered a painful death from a bullet wound to
her stomach.
In 2016, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, 64 cops were shot
dead. Of those 21 were shot dead in deliberate ambushes. Each time an American officer goes on
patrol, they convey the knowledge that there are roughly 265 million guns in America,
approximately one for every adult. There is potentially a gun tucked into the jeans of anyone you
meet or a in the glove box of any car you pull over on the beat. Are you surprised if police feel at
war against the

The Law Enforcement Is Resolving The Increasing Death Of...
The major problem for the law enforcement is resolving the increasing death of young African
American citizens. Restoring the trust between the police force and the community along with the
dignity and accountably to the police department. Is highly imperative the solution would be to
identify police forces, and bridging the widening gap between the forces and the African American
community, in order to build and foster trust. In the end, there needs be an end to racial profiling of
any citizen races such as Latinos, Jews, minorities and poor, will help build a nation/community that
accepts diversity and all cultures. The police needs to recoup and revisit the areas of community
policing, ethics, integrity, and cultural diversity. Hate crimes/ bias crimes needs to be stopped in
order to rebuild that trust in the community. Community policing is an important component of
capacity the community, which cannot happen until a relationship based on trust is established in
good faith. Community policing is actually the system of allocating police officers to particular
areas so that they become familiar with the local in such as patrolling. Another field that police need
to revisit is the ethics and integrity which means the moral philosophy that involves systematizing,
defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The next topic that police need
to revisit is cultural diversity which is the quality of diverse or different cultures as opposed to
monocultures.

The Role Of Police During The Civil Rights Movement Essay
Police agencies across the United States have adopted the motto "To Protect and to Serve."
However, there is serious tension in the relationship police share with the communities surrounding
them. There are many factors influencing this relationship. The strained relationship between police
officers and citizens goes back as far as the time of segregation and probably even farther.
Police were viewed as very aggressive and very racist during the civil rights movement, and, in
truth, they were. The attitude of police during the civil rights movement towards citizens was
basically the fact there weren't any laws against racial segregation at that time. Most during this
period didn't see the division as a big deal or realize that all American citizens have the same rights.
After the desegregation in America, people probably thought things would get better concerning
police behavior toward all American citizens. After Rosa Parks' bus boycott, Martin Luther King
Jr.'s famous speech, and the march on Alabama, policies were changed concerning laws and police
behavior toward African American citizens and others supporting them. The police had to uphold the
anti–segregation laws set in place which, in turn, improved the relationships between police and the
civilians.
Police attitudes changed again after the September 11 attacks on the world trade center, including
the attempted attack on the pentagon. According to Craig Curtis in a book review of James J.
Chriss', "In the immediate

Uniform Crime Report
Law enforcement agencies like State, Local, Tribal, colleges and universities are all included in
these two different reporting systems that they use to create and send data to the Federal Bureau of
Investigation so that other police agencies can have data on the number of crimes that are
committed, where committed, if anyone was a victim or was it a victimless crime and information
about the offender. Out of the two reports that will be discussed in this paper, the Uniform Crime
Report (UCR) was first created in 1929. However, when we think of that year it is usually about
crime statistics but of the Wall Street Crash and great depression. While the second reporting system
that of the National–Incident Based Reporting System was not created ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After reading about the NIBRS, it appears to be more effective than that of the UCR for the main
reason is that the data that is collected on every type of crime and includes all arrests that are made
in regards to all crimes.(Siegal & Senna 2001).
The NIBRS requires, "All law enforcement agencies to submit at least a brief account of each
criminal offenses and the resulting arrests."(Regoli, Hewitt & Delisi 2009). "For each offense that is
known to the local law enforcement agencies, information within the categories of incident,
property, victim, offender, and arrestee are gathered. In total information for 3 data elements within
22 crime categories as gathered." (Cole, Smith &DeJong, 2012).
When we look at both the NIBRS and the UCR, we see that the "NIBRS revises some of the
existing data, such as crime definition that have been found in the summary based reporting system
in the UCR." (Hagan, 2003). One example of the difference between the NIBRS and UCR is how
crimes are classified and then broke into categories and then divided into

Domestic Terrorism : A National Assessment Of State And...
Literature Review
In 1995, Kevin Jack Riley and Bruce Hoffman published their study Domestic Terrorism: A
National Assessment of State and Local Preparedness to examine the issues and problems state and
local law enforcement agencies faced while dealing with the threat of terrorism in the United States.
More specifically, researchers sought to identify how agencies at those two different levels
perceived the terrorist threat in the United States, as well as learning how those agencies manage the
threat of terrorism and plan and organize their response to actual incidents (Riley & Hoffman,
1995). In order to collect the data needed, the study was broken down into three separate research
phases: (1) a national survey of state and local law enforcement agencies designed to assess how
those law enforcement agencies perceive the threat of terrorism in the United States and to identify
potential anti– and counter–terrorism programs currently used by those jurisdictions; (2) the
selection of ten locations, chosen after completion of survey, as case studies to examine in detail
how different jurisdictions have adapted to the threat of terrorism and to explain further the anti–
and counter–terrorism programs used by those jurisdictions; and (3) the identification of programs
used by state and local law enforcement agencies to counter potential future threats along with the
development of a prospective future research agenda (Riley & Hoffman, 1995).
Dividing the country into four

The Civil Rights Act Of America
Racism started when African American slaves were brought to the new world (America) to aid in the
harvest of tobacco crops. Slaves were treated badly by being beaten and whipped. Punishments were
normally a response to disobedience but others were abused by their owner to show dominance.
Because of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 slaves were freed into areas all
over the United States (U.S.), but Lincoln's Proclamation did not stop people from having hate
against African Americans. Americans need to hinder racism by following federal laws, like the
Civil Rights Act, that are established so racism can be abolished once and for all. In the late 1870's
the Jim Crow law was established, this law stated that African Americans and Whites were "separate
but equal." With this being put in place African Americans and Whites did not go to the same
schools or eat at the same restaurants and everything was separated. The South wanted to keep
control over the blacks. Although this law only lasted until the early 1960's it caused a lot of fights
and protests from African Americans. On March 2, 1955 a 15 year old girl, Claudette Colvin,
refused to give up her seat on the Montgomery City Bus to a white man and in violation of city law
she was arrested and taken to jail. Later that year in December Rosa Parks boarded the Cleveland
Avenue bus to go home after a long day of work. Sitting in the first row of the colored section the
bus slowly filled up with passengers.

The New Jim Crow
Victor Ferreira
The New Jim Crow
Chapter 2 Incarceration rates in the United States have exploded due to the convictions for drug
offenses. Today there are half a million in prison or jail due to a drug offense, while in 1980 there
were only 41,100. They have tripled since 1980. The war on drugs has contributed the most to the
systematic mass incarceration of people of color, most of them African–Americans. The drug war is
aimed to catch the big–time dealers, but the majority of the people arrested are not charged with
serious offenses, and most of the people who are in prison today for drug arrests, have no history of
violence or selling activity. The war on drugs is also aimed to catch dangerous drugs, however
nearly 80 percent of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The drug war is racially defined, and that is why there is a huge number of African–Americans and
Latinos in prisons and jails all across the country. The rate of incarceration for African American
drug offenders dwarfs the rate of whites. Even though whites make up the majority of illegal drug
users, three–fourths of the people who are imprisoned for drug offenses are black or Latino. Black
men have been admitted to state prison on drug charges at a rate that is more than thirteen times
higher than white men. Arrests and convictions for drug offenses, not violent crimes, have propelled
mass incarceration among African–Americans and Latinos. They are convicted of drug offenses at
rates out of all proportion to their drug crimes. The system of mass incarceration has operated in a
way to effectively sweep people of color off the streets, lock them in jails, and then release them
into an inferior second–class status. When it comes to racial bias in the drug war, research indicates
that it was inevitable, and a public consensus was constructed by political and media elites that drug
crime is black and brown. Once this "black drug crime" became conflated in the public
consciousness, the black men would be the primary targets of law enforcements. An 18 year old
black kid who was arrested for possession of more than fifty

Police Operations Paper
Police Operations
LAS
CJA/214
September 03, 2010
Arnold Wicker
Abstract
In the early 1900 policing made up of two basic functions patrolling and investigating crimes. Patrol
officers patrolled the areas mainly on foot requiring direct contact with the community they served.
The detectives investigated illegal gambling operations and corruption. Looking into modern
policing dangers in the job is a primary concern and how to improve measures for the safety of the
officers. The taser is a less than lethal weapon used to stop individuals without fatally wounding
them. The use of modern technology in today's policing has become widespread ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mobile computing assists officers with active investigations and traffic stops with the department's
records management system and computer aided dispatch. This computer system allows officers to
access it at seven days a week, 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.
The Department of Homeland Security has developed an information network that enables federal,
state, and local law enforcement agencies to collect and disseminate information among this agency.
Since 911 attacks Department of Homeland Security has increased their focus on involving all
agencies in the effort to combat terrorist with community policing. The three functions of
community policing philosophy: organizational change, problem–solving, and external partnerships.
Each function is essential to the issues of prevention of terrorist attacks and immediate response, as
well fear factor. Community policing allows the focus to shift on the police placing equal
importance on crime prevention, maintaining order, and service prerequisite. The twenty–first
century viewed policing from a new perspective. The cause of crime and turmoil often initiate from
outside of the community involved, prompting new innovative measures from law enforcement.
Street crimes committed by outside perpetrators require close surveillance and

Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families Essay
Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families The law enforcement officers who protect and serve
the local communities have and live stressful lives. How stressful is the occupation of a law
enforcement officer in their job and in their personal lives than other occupations? How hard would
it be to be a spouse or loved one of a law enforcement officer? Does the public know what goes on
in a law enforcement officer's job life and the life of their family? Could the average person handle
the daily stress that takes place in the lives of law enforcement officers? These are several questions
that individuals could ask themselves on any given day. What are the answers to these questions? I
know firsthand, because I am a wife of a law ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Law enforcement officers put their lives on the line every time he or she puts on their uniform. For
instance, it is quite emotional for the family of any law enforcement officer to see their loved one go
to work and not know what their shift will entail. One way that a family could endure the emotions
is to pray for their loved one who is in law enforcement. Whereas the officers' job stress is at high
levels so could their personal lives. Some studies in particular, show how family, friends, and the
community treated by the officers could depend on the officers' level of stress and how well positive
adaptation occurs (Hille, 2009). Understanding that the law enforcement officers' job is stressful
enough, their home lives should not be. As of 2000, police officers were seven times more likely to
commit suicide than other Americans. In addition, police officers had the third highest suicide rate
among 130 U. S. occupations. According to the National Association of Police Chiefs, twice as
many police officers took their own lives each year as have killed in the line of duty ("World of
Criminal Justice, Gale Research," 2002). This outcome stems from the outward show of how the
officers deal with their job stress. For instance, some of the ways officers handle their stress could
be drinking, physically abusing their wives or children, or acting carelessly on vacation or on a
family outing. Although particular law enforcement officers put on the persona

First Responder Terrorist Risk: International Terror Events.
FIRST RESPONDER TERRORIST RISK: INTERNATIONAL TERROR EVENTS
Gary Roberts
Homeland Security
03/23/2017
Law Enforcement Officers, Firefighters, EMS personnel and other first responders serving in the
United States of America face many daily challenges and concerns regarding their safety and well–
being while performing their assigned duties. In the past two decades first responders in the U.S.
have increasingly been subjected to threats and incidents of terrorism. Both domestic terrorism and
international terrorism incidents have occurred with increased frequency in the United States.
Domestic terrorism events have occurred more often than international terrorism, and therefore are
more of a significant daily threat for first responders ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
military's vast experience in responding to and managing casualties from IED and/or active shooter
incidents and from its significant investment in combat casualty care research into the civilian first
responder environment" (DHS, First Responder Guide. 2015). In order to improve safety in
response to terror events, especially those classified as international terrorism it will require that first
responders to further prepare for a vast variety of potential threats. The focus of this increased
preparation should not only regard the safe and effective responses of first responders to all potential
hazards caused by a terrorist event; but should also include the improvement of first responder's
connections to their communities, the gathering of intelligence, information sharing, and realizing
their role in domestic defense of the United States of America.
International terrorism has greatly impacted the role of first responders throughout the U.S., not only
in terms of large scale events like the attacks on 9/11, but the role of the first responder has needed
to adapt to the widely varying methods of attacks that have been employed. First responders may
face threats from biological, chemical, and radiological weapons of mass destruction. First
responder heroes of 9/11 are still dealing with injuries, illness, and even still dying from the effects
of that terrorist attack. (ODMP, 2017). First

The Law Enforcement Of Public Police Department Essay
Introduction
________________________________________
The following are all mottos from various departments throughout Wisconsin:
"Honor, Integrity, Service" – University of Wisconsin–Whitewater Police Department "Pride in
Policing" – Lake Mills Police Department "To Protect and Serve" – Jefferson Police Department
"Protecting our Community" – Whitewater Police Department "Making a Difference" – Middleton
Police Department With such statements of promise and commitment, that are generalizable to other
police departments throughout the United States, why is it today, that we have this growing
"problem" with law enforcement that includes a lack of trust between the public and police. This
past year, we have seen a rise in the number of news reports on police shootings, abuse of authority,
and corruption. While the loudest voice of all, is that of the Black Lives Matter group, there have
been complaints throughout the country from a growing number of communities.
It wasn't long until the retaliation began. The public had been stirred into a frenzy and were targeting
the police in whatever way they could. From protests, that quickly turned to riots, and then
shootings, Police were ambushed while responding to fake 911 calls. The only "crime" many the
officers had committed, was wearing the uniform and serving their community. It didn't matter to
the public, they wanted revenge. This paper will look to explain several factors that I believe may be
aiding in the tension

The Law Enforcement Oath Of Honor
As a police officer you put your life on the line every day, you need to be willing to take risks
sometimes be put at a disadvantage to protect the lives, defend civil rights and liberties, and they
undergo risks and tolerate such inconveniences on behalf of strangers on a daily basis. As a result,
police work has become one of the most prideful and selfless occupations in society. Making a
difference in the quality of life of others is an opportunity that policing provides, and few other lines
of work can offer. The Law Enforcement Oath of Honor as stated by the International Association of
Chiefs of Police goes: "On my honor, I will never betray my badge, my integrity, my character, or
the public trust. I will always have the courage to hold myself and others accountable for our
actions. I will always uphold the constitution, my community, and the agency I serve." (IACP)
Before any officer takes the Law Enforcement Oath of Honor, one of the most important aspects is
that they have a clear understanding of what the oath truly means. The oath is a somber pledge an
officer makes when they sincerely intend to do what is said. There are nine parts to this oath, but
there are three that stand out to me personally, the first being honor. Honor means that one 's word is
given as a guarantee to serve and protect to the best of their ability. The second, integrity, acting the
same that you would act behind closed doors or in public life. The third, is public trust, which you

Policing Practices and Operations
CJA/394
08/24/2014
Law enforcement officers have many duties. Law enforcement officers are sworn to serve and
protect society as well as to fight crime. They also maintain order within their jurisdiction, as well as
providing other services that the community will benefit from. Most of the time, police officers are
considered to be crime fighters, in which this image has been brought to citizen's attention by the
media. The styles of policing should match the community in which they serve, so there is no
conflict between the community and the law enforcement officer. The future policing structure does
have a huge impact socially, economically, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Federal law enforcement
Officers had a total of eleven law enforcement officers that were lost, including the Federal agents
that lost their lives in the line of duty during 2010, along with United States Customs, two United
States Border Patrol agents, and three Border Protection officers. According with the Federal Bureau
of Investigations (2011) website, it stated that fifty–six law enforcement officers were killed in the
line of duty. Thirty two law enforcement officers that were among the fifty–six, were employed
within city police departments. Thirteen of them were employed for law enforcement agencies
within cities of a population consisting of 250,000 or more people that reside there. In Puerto Rico
and twenty two other states, there was also line of duty deaths as well. There were fifteen law
enforcement officers who lost their lives in ambush situations as well. There were fourteen law
enforcement officers that lost their lives in felonious attacks while involved in arrest situations.
There were eight law enforcement officers that were killed when they were investigating suspicious
persons/circumstances. There were seven law enforcement officers that were killed while working
on traffic stops/pursuits. Six law enforcement officers were killed while answering to disturbance
calls. There were three law enforcement

The Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Website Statistics
Abstract In 2014, the Law Enforcement Officers Memorial website Statistics (November 2014),
Retrieved from (http://www. odmp.org) has estimated there have been 106 law enforcement officer
deaths. Of those listed there were 43 deaths were from gunfire, 10 from vehicular assaults and 2
from physical assault. Does the community have a relationship with law enforcement? This term
paper will review incidents of attacks on law enforcement, efforts of community policing and past
incidents leading toward possible future threats on officers. The intent of this paper will discuss the
question of are law enforcement safe and are they equipped or prepared for the threats of the present
and future? Additionally, this term paper will review the possibilities of officer safety being
compromised.
"Adequacy of Police Training and Strategy" In an article by Gene Johnson (November 30, 2009), "4
police officers killed at coffee shop. Officials near Tacoma seek man freed from Arkansas prison."
from the Washington Post, Retrieved from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2009 /11/29/ AR200911 2902784.html
discussed an incident which occurred in Parkland, Washington. The area of Parkland is patrolled by
the Lakewood Police Department an agency of approximately 100 peace officers. The incident was
an ambush–like attack on four officers in a coffee shop. The suspect in the incident entered the
coffee shop as a customer while four officers were sitting inside. The

The Top 10 Most Dangerous American Job
Even though policing doesn 't make the top 10 most dangerous American job, that does not mean
police officers have it easy. Police officers face many dangers in their jobs, they never really know
the outcomes of any situation they go into. Dangers that policemen face are the risk of getting shot,
stress, biohazard exposure, dangers in making arrests and serious/ minor trauma. All of these
dangers occur in different situations such as: in making arrest, vehilce stops, hazmat scenes, and
even directing traffic.
Police officers are constantly being faced with the unknown. Police face the danger of getting shot
in any situation. Policemen could get shot during a building search, or even at a traffic stop. For
example in El Paso, Texas, a dash cam video was released showing that an officers was being shot at
in a drive by while conducting an unrelated traffic stop. Reports state that Officer Mike Garcia
stopped Horacio Castaneda because he didn 't have his headlights turned on. As Officer Garcia
conducted the stop, Frank Aparicio fired four shots from his vehicle as he passed by. Ron Martin,
the President of the El Paso Municipal Officers Association said, " Yeah we get shot at, we get
attacked, people try to kill us on a daily basis but this is the firest time somebody just opened fire."
This incident proves that the chances of a policemen being shot, are very high.
You 'd think from all the equpiment that the police officers wear, they 'd be safe and set to go.

Should Police Be Better At Making Split Minute Decisions?
Split Minute decision? "Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their
minds cannot change anything"._ George Bernard Shaw How can police be better at making split
minute decisions? Police officers risk their lives every day for the attraction of protecting their
community against any threat. However, people argue that it is necessary of the police to shoot the
victim. According to the Washington Post, Nearly a thousand times this year, an American police
officer has shot and killed a civilian. Who is the real victim? Is the training inflexible toward the
actions taken by police officers? It has become very hard for the police to gain the trust of the
community they serve. There are several ways to train police officers to amend making split second
decisions on using reasonable force. For instance, body cameras can benefit to duty purposes and
more training should be provided. First, "shoot or not shoot" sounds easier said than done. Who
wants to use a gun? There may be some bad officers who take advantage of their position or there
are also hard working officers with families, risking their life's every day for us. The National Law
Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund (NLEOMF) reports that a total of 1,501 law–enforcement
officers died in the line of duty during the past ten years or an average of one death every 58 hours,
or 150 per year. Police officers are thought to protect the community around them, while gaining its
trust. Being a police

Police Brutality Must Understand The History, Definition...
Before we talk about police brutality we must understand the history, definition and benefits of
policing in the civilized world in which we live in. Wikipedia's definition is, Wikipedia [1] a police
force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property,
and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most
commonly associated with police services of a sovereignty state that are authorized to exercise the
police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are
often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the
state against foreign aggressors; however, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
http://www.aphf.org/hist.html [2] In 1636 the city of Boston established Night Watch, which idea
worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian one. New York City
established the Shout and Rattle Watch in 1651 however, in 1705, Philadelphia found it necessary to
divide the city into ten patrol areas. As the United States of America was born and the population
increased as did the urgency of keeping order and civil rest. Beginning with Sheriff's in the counties,
policing was then instituted in all forms of government agencies, utilizing the gendarmerie principle
and paid with taxes by the citizens of the land. As our country developed and became more
populated and civil, so did the number of officers in the police agencies across our country. Each
individual community differs on issues ranging from drug abuses, theft and now more prevalent,
police brutality. In order to understand the reasons behind the widespread use of force by police
officers, we have to understand contributing factors. Robert E. Worden connects theories of police
brutality with new evidence on the use of force by police. Researched: (Lundman, 1974; South and
Visher, 1981) concluded that the demeanor of suspect influences arrest. Arrest is more likely if you
are disrespectful to police officers. Decisions are based on situational

9/11: Cleanup Of The World Trade Center
9/11
"9/11" redirects here. For the date September 11, see September 11. For the date November 9, see
November 9.
For the emergency number, see 9–1–1.
For other uses, see September 11 attacks (disambiguation).
The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks
by the Islamic terrorist group al–Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September
11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion
in property and infrastructure damage and $3 trillion in total costs.
Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers (United Airlines and
American Airlines) – all of which departed from airports on the northeastern ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Al Jazeera broadcast a statement by bin Laden on September 16, 2001, stating, "I stress that I have
not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own
motivation." In November 2001, U.S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in
Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the video, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al–Harbi and admits
foreknowledge of the attacks. On December 27, 2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the
video, he said, "It has become clear that the West in general and America in particular have an
unspeakable hatred for Islam. ... It is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to
be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for
Israel, which kills our people. ... We say that the end of the United States is imminent, whether Bin
Laden or his followers are alive or dead, for the awakening of the Muslim umma (nation) has
occurred", but he stopped short of admitting responsibility for the attacks. The transcript refers
several times to the United States specifically targeting

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