Carrot Battery

Carrot Battery
Make a Carrot Battery
This activity uses a common carrot and two different metals to make a enough electricity to run a
small digital clock.
Materials: Two Large Raw Carrots; 2 Pennies; 2 Large Galvanized Nails; 3 pieces of 6" long wire;
Small Digital Clock (Tandy (Radio Shack) or Maplin – "Stick–on Timer" £3.50/ $4.99.
The digital clock can be extracted from an inexpensive alarm clock or it can be purchased from an
electronics store.
Slice of about 1 inch from each carrot and discard. Place the remaining pieces next to each other, flat
face down on a plate.
Strip off about 2 inches of insulation from both ends of each wire.
Wrap one end of one wire around one of the nails. Press the nail into one of the carrots pieces.
Wrap one end ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Setting up the Experiment * 1
Set the lemon on a flat, level surface. Insert the galvanized nail through the lemon peel and into the
center of the lemon making sure that the point does not exit through the other side. * 2
At the opposite end of the lemon, using the paring knife make a small slit in the lemon peel. Insert
the penny into this slit and continue to push until only about a quarter of the penny remains above
the peel. * * 3
In order to see the amount of voltage created by the lemon battery, a voltage meter is required.
Attach the red wire clamp to the penny and the black wire clamp to the nail in order to see the lemon
battery at work. 1. Shake and roll the lemon on a table to "activate" the juices in the lemon. 2. With
the help of an adult, cut two small slices in the lemon about 1/2 inch apart. The penny and dime will
go in these slits. 3. Place your penny into one slot and your dime into the other slot. 4. With your
tongue touch both the penny and the dime at the same time. Can you feel anything? Maybe a
tingling?
The acid in the lemon reacts differently with each of the two metals. One of the coins contains
positive electric charges, while the other contains negative electric charges. These charges create
current, which will flow if the battery circuit is complete. Your tongue acts like a wire and conducts
the charges, making the circuit complete. The complete electric circuit
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Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Volta
INTRODUCTION Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Volta is known as the scientist that founded the
electric age. He was an Italian physicist pioneer that contributed greatly to the development of the
battery. Alessandro Volta was born in Como, Italy in 1745. He attended a public school; in 1774 he
was appointed professor of physics at the Royal School in Como. His first invention was an
electrophorus; a device that produced static electricity. In 1776–77 he devoted his time to chemistry,
studying atmospheric electricity, and devising experiments such as the ignition of gases by an
electric spark in a closed vessel. In 1779 he became professor of physics at the University of Pavia,
a chair he occupied for 25 years. By the 1800 he had developed ... Show more content on
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Not long after the invention of the voltaic pile, electrical developments boomed. With the key that
was the voltaic pile, scientists were able to further explore the study of electricity. The Volta Prize in
French: le Prix Volta was established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801–1802 to honor Alessandro
Volta, an Italian physicist noted for developing the battery. At that time Alessandro Volta was
summoned to Paris to demonstrate his great discovery before the French Academy of Sciences. A
museum in Como, the Voltian Temple, has been built in honor of Volta and contains some of the
original instruments he used to conduct experiments. Near Lake Como stands the Villa Olmo, which
houses the Voltian Foundation, an organization which promotes scientific activities. The Emperor of
Austria honored him naming him a professor of Philosophy at Padova. Also an electric unit Volt was
named after Alessandro. And even now the French government awards the Volta Prize for scientific
achievement in electricity. Also a portage of Alessandro Volta, appeared on Italian 10.000 lira
banknote before the introduction of the euro came to Italy. There are many places named in honor of
Volta; he is known as one of the great scientists, who will always be remebered for creating the first
ever battery.
CONCLUSION
Alessandra opened many doors for research in the 1700s. He improved and

Introduction to Oboe and Bassoon
An Introduction Oboe and Bassoon By Marie A Rogers 300005290 Woodwind Techniques 1 1010–
1100 Mr. Robinson The oboe is a soprano–range double reed instrument with a length of 62cm. Its
wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore that expands into a flaring bell. The modern oboe's
range extends from the B flat below middle C (b3 flat) to about 3 octaves higher (A6). The oboe has
a very narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied
together on a small metal tube called a staple, which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the
instrument. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadilla, the instrument is
made in 3 parts. The top joint has 10 or 11 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The modern Bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms the Buffett system and the Heckle system.
Most of the world plays the Heckle system, while the Buffett system is primarily in France,
Belgium, and parts of Latin America. Bassoon techniques The Bassoon is held diagonally in front of
the player, but unlike the flute, oboe, and clarinet, it cannot be supported by the players hands alone.
Some means of additional support is required; the most common ones used are a neck strap or
shoulder harness attached to the top of the boot joint, a seat strap attached to the base of the boot
joint which is laid across the chair seat prior to sitting down. To stabilize the right hand, many
Bassoonists use an adjustable common shaped apparatus called a "crutch", which mounts to the boot
joint. An aspect of Bassoon playing technique called flicking involves the momentary pressing or
"flicking" of the high A, C, and D keys by the left hand thumb at the beginning of certain note in the
middle octave in order to eliminate the cracking or brief microphonic that happens without the use
of the key. Bassoon Reeds Bassoon reeds, made of Arundo donax cane, are often made by the
players themselves, although beginner bassoonists tend to buy their reeds from professional reed
makers or use reeds made by their teachers. Reeds begin with a length of tube cane that is split into
three or four pieces. The cane is then trimmed and gouged to the desired thickness,

Dbq Italian Cantata
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH: CANTATA In the Seventeenth–century a new style of composition
had its origin in Rome, Italy. This style is known as the cantata da camera or secular cantata. The
study of the cantata shows that there were some problems which remained and could not be solved
due to the huge numbers of compositions during the baroque era. Vocal chamber music performed in
private for the wealthy at their houses, became the most common or popular social entertainment
way of the moment. The performing group for this entertainment was cooperated by one, two or
three voices accompanied by the basso continuo (which was rarely a pair of solo strings). Something
that was crucial for the popularity of this entertainment was the popularity already ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
the raise in the importance of the gospel settings, psalm settings and works based on chorales was
given because of the textual division into verses such an important fact that supported the mixture of
musical styles that was to become a hallmark of the cantata. Poetic texts became more frequent, and
particularly important were those works which combined arias and Biblical texts to become the
'concerto–aria' cantata, which normally began and ended with a setting of a Biblical text, between
verses of a hymn or other texts which were set for soloists or small

Essay A. Marcello Oboe Concerto in D Minor
Charles Pridgen
CONS–422a
From the journal of Antonio Vivaldi
December 12, 1717
As noted in a previous journal entry, I had made a trip to Cöthen where the great composer, Johann
Sebastian Bach, is under the service of Prince Leopold. There I heard a recent keyboard
transcription of Bach's. The transcription was of a piece called Concerto in D minor for Oboe,
Strings and Basso Continuo. Bach listed the composer as the well–known Venetian composer
Benedetto Marcello. As I listened to the piece, I was captured by the simple yet eloquent melodies
that were presented but I also was curious as I had not known of Benedetto to write for oboe. I also
know that Marcello stated, "Oboes, flutes, trumpets, bassoons, etc., will always be out of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three Marcello brothers, Alessandro, Benedetto and Girolamo, who were born of nobility
here in Venice. Benedetto is well–known for his music. Alessandro composes also but his interests
actually lie more with philosophy, mathematics, history, chemistry, painting and poetry. Alessandro
has a small body of work in music. This is probably due to him being much more of a figure head in
the Venetian government since his father passed away in 1707. Benedetto has a much larger body of
work composing of many instrumental and sacred vocal pieces. I recalled that considering the
academic pursuits of the Marcellos, that it was possible that they were members of the Arcadian
colony. The Arcadians were a new movement of intellectuals that emphasized the respect of artistic
achievement and a return to the Greek ideals that music and poetry worked together. They also
wished to avoid lavish displays and encouraged simplicity. The Arcadians would also use
pseudonyms and I discovered that the pseudonym of "Eterio Stinfalico" belonged to Alessandro
Marcello.
Now that I learned who the true author was, I went to seek out Alessandro. It is typical of nobles
such as the Marcello to conduct concerts in their home. I went to the Palazzo Marcello and
discovered a concert was being performed that had the concerto on its program. The oboist was
unknown to me. The audience contained mostly nobles and government

How To Dissect The Human Body?
The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in Europe were an explosion of modern
advancement as the Industrial Revolution took hold. The development of large industrialized cities
brought about a change in attitude regarding progress that allowed modern scientists to look further
into nature for solutions to everyday qualms. At the forefront of the innovational age was the
discovery of electricity and the beginning of its experimentation for both practical and scientific
purposes. Concepts similar to electricity had been debated in ancient societies, however the human
mind was never able to capture it until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Experimentation
with electricity caused controversy throughout Europe as results came ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Soon after Galvani published his findings in 1891 Alessandro Volta proposed that the "'animal' part
of Galvani's animal electricity was not needed" (Alessandro n.pag). Volta instead believed in what
he called metallic electricity. He alleged that all that was need to generate electricity was any moist
material between two different metals (Voltaic n.pag). However, by this time Galvani's theory held
wide acceptance due to public demonstrations. To support his claims, in 1800, Volta built what is
now known as the voltaic pile, which would come to be known as the first electric battery (Montillo
56). The voltaic pile used the natural transfer of electrons between two metallic elements to establish
an electric current that could be directed through a wire. With the help of his voltaic pile, Volta
successfully disproved Galvani's theory of animal electricity (Parent 578). Scientists of the time
began to use the voltaic pile as a source of electricity for experimentation with galvanism soon after
its

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electric Cars
Recently, I gave a research proposal, the main topic of which was the conservation of natural
resources by the introduction of automobiles running not on fossil fuels, but on electricity. My
research will deal with the advantages and working of all–electric vehicles in detail and will justify
how they are a lot beneficial and how they play a great role in reducing the consumption of natural
resources and pollution. One source I am considering for my research is an article titled "Building
Better Batteries for Electric Cars" by Jim Witkin which was published in "The New York Times" on
March 30, 2011. However, I have yet to evaluate the sources and verify that it is credible enough to
be used in my research.
Author's Credentials The author of the article, Jim Witkin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It merely discusses about one aspect of electric cars: The battery. Unfortunately, it does not discuss
the advantages of all–electric cars in much detail. Therefore, other sources might also be considered
during my research, which fully explain the advantages and disadvantages of all–electric cars.
Writing Style The author uses easy–to–understand vocabulary. Moreover, he clearly explains the
mechanism and working. Moreover, he also explains some technological aspects by citing the
quotations of various experts. For example:– Compared with the nickel–metal hydride battery used
in the Toyota Prius, for example, a lithium–ion battery of the same weight and volume would
increase energy density two to three times, said Dr. Srinivasan. Due to his easy–to–interpret
vocabulary, his article gains credibility in my research.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that source is credible, because of an experienced author, a well–known
newspaper, recent publishing date and the writing style. But I may also have to consider other
sources mainly because it does not explain all my

The Science of the Spud
The Science of the Spud – a History of the Potato Battery Experiment
There are hot potatoes, french fried potatoes, baked potatoes and scalloped potatoes. There are
potato chips, potato pies and potato soufflés. Last, but not least, there's the potato battery. Who on
earth invented the electric spud? Why does it work? For that matter, why would anyone want to see
if a potato could conduct electricity in the first place? Well, we may never be able to answer some of
the questions this quirky experiment raises, but a brief overview of the possible origins, quirky
chemical compositions and remarkable staying power of the grin–inducing oddity that is the potato
battery is sure to be worthwhile.
The potato battery: not your usual sunday ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If it doesn't rearrange how you're connecting the wires to the clock, light bulb, etc. Voilà, instant
electricity. Granted, it only produces about two volts, maximum, but it works.
Why it Works
Without getting too technical, electricity is the result of a chemical reaction. As a Berkeley teacher's
guide to this experiment demonstrates, the penny is copper, while the galvanized nail is coated in
zinc. When zinc, which is negatively charged, comes into contact with an acid, electrons are freed in
a chemical reaction. Copper, which is positively charged, accepts those electrons, thereby creating
an electric circuit.
What is the acid that makes this little miracle of potato power? It's the mild phosphoric acid H3PO4,
which occurs naturally in potatoes and other starches. Just this acid is enough to cause the release of
electrons and their acceptance on the other end of the circuit. Those electrons are the electric flow,
an atomic phenomenon that is measurable on your kitchen table.
What it Means
While two volts of electricity isn't enough to even light a room, the potato battery does show
promise. According to Business Wire, Yissum Research Development Company Ltd. has made a
spud science breakthrough. It's hard to believe, but until 2010 no one, apparently, had tried boiling
the potato before sticking it full of copper and zinc. Turns out, if you boil the potato, its electrical
capacity increases tenfold,

My Favourite Book : My Favorite Book
What is your favourite book or piece of music and why? (300 words maximum) *
My favourite book is Three Seconds written by the Swedish crime duo Anders Roslund and Börge
Hellström. This is because is the novel grasps your attention from the beginning to the end, and I
believe that as an Equity Researcher this is what needs to occur in the reports in addition to when
speaking with clients and the sales team. I enjoyed reading every page. A book that narrates to what
means a husband and father is supposed to go for what he believes is right and especially to protect
his loved one. Moreover, it depicts how a man, left on his own, abandoned to his fate with will and
persistence can make the most of a situation that many may classify as doomed. The book illustrates
also how someone can change over time. Piet Hoffman is an ex–con who currently works for the
Swedish police as an infiltrator to uncover Polish gangsters, putting himself in danger to get to the
bottom of their organised crime. Related to business terms, this can be seen with the revamping of
companies that are in distress, but that with a second opportunity can prosper. An example that
comes to my mind is with the luxury fashionwear brand Moncler. Once, on the edge of bankruptcy
and now one of the most iconic brands with a market capitalisation of approximately 6.16 billion
euros.
Aside from any family members, describe a person or an experience in your life that has inspired
you. How have you acted on that inspiration? (300 words maximum) *
A person that has inspired me is Alessandro Del Piero, he is my idol. My immense passion for
Football arose when as a young kid I saw him play. As the years passed he has not only been a role
model on the football pitch but also and especially outside of it. His loyalty and dedication are the
traits that I admire the most. In 2006 after winning the World Cup with Italy he had to decide if to
go play for the best teams in the world or continue playing for his childhood club, the team that
made him become the player that everyone admired. It was a no–brainer for him, as he stated that
"A true gentleman never leaves his lady". In a period of crisis, of restructuring, the main player
decided that loyalty and

Divorce Islamic Style
Suspense of the Impending Romance in Divorce Islamic Style In Divorce Islamic Style by Amara
Lakhous, the readers become exposed to the thoughts of the two protagonists. Through simple
language, we are able to relate to both Christian/Issa and Safia/Sofia. Despite their circumstances,
the themes of ambition and dreams are rather prominent. However, the dreams/ambitions are only
fulfilled through several acts of self–sacrifice. Through the use of a split narrative, Lakhous employs
foreshadowing in order to create suspense of the impending romance. When the readers first meet
Issa and Sofia, their thoughts are continuously filled with hope and optimism regarding their dreams
and ambitions. For Issa, he seems rather ambitious to begin his mission. He focuses mainly on
blending into his surroundings, but admits that "sometimes I forget the part I am playing" (47).
From this, it is evident that Issa constantly gets distracted during his mission. He becomes engulfed
with the stories and culture surrounding him, such as the hopes/goals of his fellow tenants. While
Issa is ambitious, he is cautious when it comes to dreaming as he tells Saber: "Be careful, too ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As both characters are unable to reveal their true identities despite some of their urges, they must
remember "but it's better not to, I can't afford to, under the circumstances. I've just got to lump it, the
end. The man who holds his tongue lives a hundred years" (48). The secrets and silence creates a
mysterious aura around each character. From the mysterious aura and hopefulness of the
dreams/ambition surrounding both characters, the readers are left in suspense of their eventual
meeting. This anticipation is strengthened when Akram is mentioned in Sofia's narrative (56) after
initially being introduced in Issa's narrative. Through this connection, the two characters are bound
to meet since they are living in the same

Baroque Music Research Paper
The baroque era was full of influential composers, who would travel all over Europe, hear each–
others music, and be influenced from all over the globe. Though music was suddenly more global,
differences in nations where still audible in the music (most obviously between France and Italy).
One of the era's most famous composers was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), a German
composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist and violinist (far left picture below). Born into one of the
greatest musical families of the times, and hailed as a "natural genius", Bach composed over 1,000
compositions in nearly every type of musical form. Though, in his later years, he faced harsh
criticism that his work was outdated (due to a new Italian style invading Germany as he wrote and
prepared some of his most important pieces), his legacy still lives on strong. Some of his most
popular works include "Air on a G String", "Double Violin Concerto" and the "Brandenburg
concerto No. 3". Another famous composer was the German British composer George Frederic
Handel (1685–1759)– middle picture below. Handel composed for every type of musical genre,
though he is most famous for his operas, oratorios, anthems and organ concertos. He is also credited
for creating the English oratorio. Handel turned blind at old age, but continued to compose.
Beethoven thought Handel to be the greatest of all his predecessors, and once said that "I would bare
my head and kneel at his grave". Some of Handles popular music

Essay about Wonderful life of Kay Buell
The Wonderful Life of Kay Buell Every individual's life has a past, present and future. My life has
been developed and influenced by several factors that will be reflected in this paper. You will read
about my life experiences and how it has developed into such a wonderful life. My life begin when I
was a mere 2 years of age when my parents adopted my twin sister and myself. My parents were on
the older side, so their beliefs were conservative and strict, even from the beginning. Since my sister
and I had been out of many foster homes until my parents adopted us, it was important that we had
structure. There was always plenty of love and stability that I received and that is so important in the
development in the early years. My ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part of that development was leaving the security and protective environment of my parents' home
to attend college. Not only was the anticipation of attending the university amazing, but to be able to
be my own person, was exciting. Knowing that I would be the sole decision maker to succeed and
learn from that adventure would be an enormous growth period. Adulthood brings opportunities that
are challenging and present change. One opportunity that was presented to me was relocating to
California. My maturity level was one of a confident adult and wanting to capture this "unknown"
adventure. Stepping "outside the box" mentally helped me prepare for the culture shock that was
awaiting me. After moving to California with my sister, brought our relationship closer. The
relationship of identical twins is unique and one that other people do not understand. It is difficult to
establish a separate identity amongst family and peers. Being a twin brings a best friend and
constant support. Also, it can result in switching identities for a short while and that can be just fun.
The saying is that everyone has a twin in the world but in my case, it is true. We finally developed
separate identities and our peers realized
our independent personalities and way of thinking was not identical. Life experiences bring
happiness, sorrow and passions that we indulge. My first passion is dogs. I have been

Theory: Potato As A Battery
Potato Powered Clock
Theory: Potato as a Battery
Hypothesis: Potatoes have starch in them which is a natural sugar that can be broken down naturally
for a release of energy and generate enough power to run a digital clock.
Problem Statement: Can ordinary potatoes power a digital clock for more than 24 hours?
Variables: * Independent Variable – Potato * Dependent Variables – Clock, connection wires, copper
and zinc plates
Materials Needed: * Digital Clock with 2 Wires * 6.25" Connecting Wire * Transparent Tape * 2 4"
Copper Strips * 2 4" Zinc Strips * 2 Potatoes (Oranges worked too)
Background: How it works * A potato can be used as a battery by using strips of zinc and copper in
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* When a crystal is struck by an electronic pulse, it vibrates. A microelectronic circuit makes the
pulse and measures the vibration rate. The vibration rate is used as a time standard.
* Bibliography: * www.starmagic.com * www.science.howstuffworks.com * www.ehow.com *
www.sciencefairexperiments.com * www.Googleimages.com * www.Ask.com * www.Bing.com
* A potato is more than just a side dish. * It can also be an electrochemical battery where a chemical
reaction occurs in a liquid between two different

The Farnese Atlas Analysis
Atlas by Vik Muniz is a colossal photographic portrait made from trash. Using garbage scavenged
from Gramacho, one of the largest landfills in America, Muniz models trash into images of classical
portraits with his own twist. "...I'm trying to step away from the realm of fine arts, I think it's a very
exclusive, very restrictive place to be... What I want to be able to do is to change the lives of people
with the same materials they deal with every day", Muniz stated in film Wasteland. The film
Wasteland, directed by Lucy Walker, tracks the development of Muniz' series of monumental
photographic portraits made from trash. The Farnese Atlas is a 2nd–century Roman marble replica
of a Hellenistic sculpture of Atlas, a Titan sentenced by Zeus to hold up his burden for eternity,
kneeling with the celestial spheres of the sky weighing down heavily on his shoulders. The Farnese
Atlas is an enormous sculpture standing at seven feet tall and is currently located at the National
Archaeological Museum of Naples, in Italy. Although their actual form and matter are different, both
the Atlas and The Farnese Atlas are similar in the way that both paintings portray a male character
with a serious or stern expression, carrying a large spherical burden or load on their shoulders. Also,
both pieces seem to be copies of other pieces made before their own time. Vik Muniz's Atlas is his
own interpretation of The Farnese Atlas, and The Farnese Atlas is an interpretation or copy of a
Greek

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