For decades, different types of fibers have provided numerous unique solutions in filtration applications. In filtration / filter aid applications fiber provides a protective layer to valuable equipments promoting improved throughput and clarity.

1. A PRESENTATION
ON
APPLICATION OF FIBER IN
FILTRATION
Presented By:- Amal
Ray
Roll No:-02
Stream:-MTT
GUIDED BY-Sajal
Burman
GETTS, Serampore

2. INTRODUCTION
For decades, different types of fibers have provided
numerous unique solutions in filtration applications.
In filtration / filter aid applications fiber provides a
protective layer to valuable equipments promoting
improved throughput and clarity.

3. WHAT IS FILTRATION
Filtration is a process of separating dispersed particles from a
dispersing fluid by means of porous media. The dispersing medium
can be a gas (or gas mixture) or a liquid. Particles can be solid or liquid
for gas medium and solid for liquid medium.
Upstream Downstream
Filter
Channel
wall
Dispersed
particles
Dispersing
fluid
Particles deposited
inside the filter
Filter
thickness
Face of the filter with „filter cake“ of
deposited particles

4. Types of filtration
Concerning to filtration surrouding:
Air filtration / Liquid filtration
Concerning to size of filtered particles:
Macrofiltration
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
osmose inverse Diameter of pores of
Membranes

5. Concerning to filtration mechanism:
Surface filtration/ Flat filtration
Directio
n of flow
Textile filter expressed
as a set of cylinders
placed in parallel
Capture
d
particles
Depth filtration
Directio
n of
flow
Textile filter expressed
as a set of cylinders
placed in parallel
Capture
d
particles

6. 2.1 Air / liquid filtration
Examples of air filtration:
1. power plants
2. industrial filters for incineration
3. air ventilation systems (air condition, air cleaning etc…)
4. vacuum cleaners
5. respirators
6. chemical processing
7. paint boxes,
8. car filters (cabin filters, engine filters, exhaust filters)
AREA OF FILTRATION

7. Examples of liquid filtration:
1. drink water treatment
2. waste water treatment
3. chemical processing,
4. batteries,
5. industrial filters (cutting operations,cooling liquids,
spunlace…),
6. car filters (oil filters, fuel (petrol) filters…)…
AREA OF FILTRATION

9. FIBER POLYMER USE FOR COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS
1.Fibreglass
This fibre is relatively inexpensive compared
to other fibres. The maximum operating temperature
of the fibre is 260°C which offers potential for use in a
large cross section of power station and coal types.
2.Homopolymer Acrylic (PAN)
The mechanical properties of this fibre allow it to be used for varied fabric
constructions.
It has relatively good textile fibre properties
which allow it to be spun economically into
yarns for the production of woven fabrics.
There are several drawbacks with PAN such
as ,PAN's maximum long term operating tem-
perature is 135°C. So there is required to maintain
the gas stream below this temperature.
The fibre has an inherent shrinkage problem that becomes evident over
longer operating life. This fibre shrinkage can not be eliminated completely
by heat setting treatment of the fabric.
Woven PAN Filter Cloth

10. 3. Polyphenylene Sulfar (PPS)
 This fibre can operate at a constant 190°C.
 The fibre is also less susceptible to shrinkage than PAN, with
any fabric shrinkage being mostly eliminated by effective heat
setting.
 The fibre is much more expensive that PAN fibre, but can be
cost effective over the life of the boiler
Needled Fabric with
PPS
Woven Fabric

11. PPS Wet Heat Resistance
60
80
100
% strength
retention
days exposed
0 24 48 72 96 120 144
PET
PPS
160º C autoclave (6.5 kg/cm3)
meta-aramid

12. PPS Chemical Resistance
60
80
100
% strength
retention
days exposed
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
PPS
48% Sulfuric Acid
meta-aramid

13. Also used are:-
1.Polyimide (P84)
 This fibre has a maximum operating
temperature of 260°C.
This fiber is not widely use because
(i) the fibre is very expensive.
(ii) the fibre is susceptible to acid
hydrolysis

14. 2.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
The maximum operating temperature of this fiber is 260°C. The fibre has
excellent chemical resistance to most chemicals.
Drawbacks are (i) The fabric is extremely expensive.
(ii) due to the low fibre to fibre surface friction this fabric shrink
during filtration operation.
(iv) The fibre/fabric is a poor filtration fabric. The fibres are very
smooth meaning that ash particles are not easily collected.
PTFE Membrane
Foam Coated Filtration
Surface

15. Table 1 Woven Fabric
Development of Woven Fabric
• Fibre glass <260° C
• Homopolymer Acrylic (PAN) <130° C
• Surface Foam Coated PAN <130° C
• Polyphenylene Sulfar (PPS) <190° C
• Blended PPS and PAN <135° C
• Chemical Treatments
Table 2 Needled Felted Fabrics
Development of Needled Fabrics
• Homopolymer Acrylic(PAN) <130° C
• Polyphenylene Sulfar (PPS) <190° C
• PPS With surface Treatments <190° C
• PPS with PTFE encapsulation <190° C
• PPS with Blended or capped webs (P84) <190° C
• PTFE <260° C

19. Fiber metal gas filtration
What are metal fibers?
Metal fibers are very thin metal filaments, with diameters
ranging from 1 to 80 micrometers.
A wide variety of product forms can be produced, such as:
• Continuous bundles
• Yarns
• Needle felts
• Chopped fibers and pellets
• Sintered porous media
Metal fibers and processed
products are available in
various alloys, such as stainless
steel, high temperature
resistant alloys, Nickel and Nickel alloys. Standard diameters: 1.5,
2, 4, 6.5, 8, 12 and 22 micrometers. Overall diameter range: 1 to 100
micrometers.

20. Application overview
Hot gas filtration
Fiber metal offers high permeability and low
pressure drop, making it ideal for particulate
separation in hot gases.
Because of its high strength, flexibility in form
and desirable flow characteristics, fiber metal
has been used by many industries in a great
number of applications all over the world.
Some of these include:
Biochemical industry
Food and beverage sector
Chemical industry
Waste treatment
Pharmaceutical industry
Water treatment
Hot gas cleaning
Chemical and catalyst recovery
Oil and gas filtration
Medical and pharmaceutical
industries
Nuclear venting
Aerospace

21. WATER
FILTRATION
Membrane Fundamentals
Immersed
Hollow fiber
Ultrafiltration (UF)

22. Electron microscope view of
membrane surface
How Membranes Work
Membrane fibers have
billions of microscopic
pores on the surface
The pores form a barrier
to impurities, while
allowing pure water
molecules to pass
Water is drawn through
the pores using a gentle
suction
Membrane Fibers

23. Hollow Fibre
free flowing path
Hollow Fibre Permeate Flow Path
Hollow Fibre UF
Hollowfibers Membranes

24. Fiber use For Nano-Filtration
Polyamide
Membrane
Polysulfonelayer Polyester
support

25. CONCLUSIONS
 We have to select the fiber as per filed requirement.
 Engineering controls and fiber do minimize workplace exposures,
but additional research is still needed to fully understand the
limitations
Use of fiber in different types of filtration area is a bright future of
technical textile.
 Research on effectiveness of protective clothing (By Filtration) is
still continue.

26. REFERENCES
1. J-C SCHROTTER Membrane Research Manager
2. Fabric Filtration Lawrence K. Wang, Clint Williford, and Wei-Yin
Chen
3. FABRIC FILTERS FOR COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS
P.W. BOWDEN, M.J. NEATE, B.M. CURRELL AND M. GERAKIOS
4. Personal Protective Equipment and Filtration By Ron Shaffer
5. Advances in fiber Technology For high performance Filtration By
Jeffrey S. Dugan and Edward C. Homonoff
6. Membrane technology for water treatment