Water filtration is the process of removing or reducing the concentration of particulate matter, including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi, as well as other undesirable chemical and biological contaminants from contaminated water to produce safe and clean water for a specific purpose

1. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE , SUNDERNAGAR
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

2. Water
FILTERS

3. Nonwoven Filter Fabrics are generally used
to separate particles from their suspension in
air or liquids.

4. • Sugar, wine industry
• Dairy, starch, paper,
cellulose industry
• Coating and paint
industry
• Soap concentrating
industry
Filter clothes are used in almost
all sectors of industry such as,
• agricultural area
• Chemical, dyestuff, textile, power
fertilizer industry
• Pharmaceutical and cosmetic
industry
• Mineral oil refineries
• Sewage disposal and effluent
treatment plants
• Automotive industry
Cake formation

6. 1) Polypropylene:
• It is sensitive to oxidizing agents such as chlorine, nitric acid etc.
• It is mainly used due to its resistance to chemical degradation.
• This fiber is creep prone due to low glass transition temperature.
2) Polyester:
•Because of its strength, relatively high temperature resistance.
•The disadvantages of polyester for filter application are low resistance to
alkalis, acids and steam.
•Polyester is mainly used for manufacturing filter bags of better quality.
3) Acrylic:
•Acrylic non woven filter cloth can withstand temperatures up to 130
•Having anti-acid , anti-alkali properties.
4) Glass Fiber:
•Glass fiber non woven needle felt have high temperature resistance upto 240-
260.
•It has low price compared to other fibers that can withstand high
tempertaures.

7. 5) Polyamide:
•High temperature resistance 260- 300
•Good chemistry resistance, good air permeability , high filtration efficiency, but
the price is high.
•It is mostly applied in cement kiln
6) PTFE:
•PTFE coated non woven needle felt adopt PTFE fiber, formed by three- dimensional
needled
•PTFE fiber is a linear macromolecular structure, which has strong stability.
• It is widely used in steel, power, waste incineration flue gas filtration and other
harsh environment.

8. 1. WET LAID:
Wetlaid filters media are used for swimming pool filters, coffee filters and
HEPA filters .They are made with a process that is similar to the paper-
making one, where a mixture of short manmade, natural or fiberglass fibers
is formed into a paper-like media on standard papermaking equipment.
3. MELTBLOWN
Meltblown filter media is ideal for the fine filtration of particles such as
dust, asbestos, and smoke. This is the type of filter commonly found in
respirators and it can easily be made in large quantities. It is formed
without the use of fibers: instead, the melted polymer is blown into a
microporous web.
4. SPUNBONDED
Spunbonded filter media are lightweight and used for both air and liquid
filtration . Like meltblown media they are made without the use of fibers,
but they are instead made by the spinning together of nylon, polyester, or
polypropylene. In addition, they are lightweight and heat-resistant

9. Non woven
web
Staple fiber
web
Dry laid Wet laid
Continous
filament web
Spun bond
Web
Meltblown
web

10. The principle of wet-laid process is similar to traditional paper
manufacturing. The difference lies in the amount of synthetic fibers
present. A dilute slurry of water and fibers is deposited on a moving wire
screen and drained to form a web, then thermally bonded.

12. EXTRUSION
COOLING AND
FILTERING
SPINNING
DRAWING
LAYDOWN ON
FORMING WEB
BONDING
ROLL UP

13. Various polymer like polypropylene ,polyolefin's ,polyethylene , HDPE and
LDPE ,polyamide and bicomponent fibers.
It consist of 4 stages spinning ,drawing ,web formation and bonding

14. In this process , usually thermoplastic fiber forming polymer is extruded
through a line die containing several hundred orifices.
Convergent stream of hot air rapidly attenuate the extruded polymer stream
to form extremely fine diameter fiber
The attenuated fibers are subsequently blown by high velocity air onto a
collector coveyor ,thus forming a fine fibred self bonded melt blown non
woven fabric.

17. Spun bond
filament
quenching
Stretching
Melt blown layer
forming
Spun bond
filament overlaying
Calendering
SMS FABRIC
OUTPUT
It is the abbrevation of spun bond+melt
bond+spun bond which are joined
together to get the layered product.
Similarly SMMS,SMMMS are formed
which are also formed by layering spun
bond and melt blown layers
The major purpose to form these kind of
non woven's is to get fine filteration ,low
pressure drops as used in facemasks or
filters
The major use of these non woven's are in
hygiene or medical industry such as
disposable diaper, surgical drape , surgical

18. The manufacture of needle punch filter media is a mechanical process that
involves the use of barbed felting needles to orient and interlock the fibers in
either the spunbonded or carded web .The three-dimensional structure of the
needle punch filter media is ideal for trapping particles on the surface and in the
interior of the filter. This is a common filter type to clean, for example, intake
water and sewage.

22. •There are many advantages of nonwoven fabrics, including their versatility, low cost
and diverse functionality.
•The price-performance ratio is outstanding.
•The wide number of diverse processes fibers can be incorporated including needle
felt, air and wet laid, resin bonded etc
• It is possible to simultaneously melt-spin a polymer fiber while forming a web
construction without an intermediate fiber-forming step.
•One step processes typically include melt blown, spunbond and certain high-loft
webs
•The direct web manufacturing method offers a cost advantage and very popular
•These direct web processes produce fine and sometimes continuous filaments and in
case of spun bond, a strong and non-shedding web which cannot be achieved by any
other means for a comparable cost

23. •Membranes provide narrow pore size distribution, particularly below 1micron
mean flow pore.
• Many filtration and separation applications require stiffness, minimal flex, and
rigidity or even low stretches is the case of dewatering belts, which by their
nature are less favorable to the use of non woven's .