Agro textile

1. Seminar Report On
“Agro textile”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
TEXTILE ENGINEERING
Submitted By
Vijay Prakash
(1704460060)
Textile Chemistry
Under the Guidance of
DR. Patra Sir
Professor & Head (Textile Chemistry)
UPTTI (formerly GCTI)
Souterganj, Kanpur - 208001
(State-UP) INDIA
Submitted to:
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur
17 July 2021

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………...……. i
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................ii
Introduction....................................................................................................................................iii
Classification of Agro textiles .....................................................................................................iv
Benefits of Agro textiles................................................................................................................v
Fiber used for Agro textiles .........................................................................................................vi
Characteristics of Agro textiles..................................................................................................vii
General property requirement of Agro textiles......................................................................... 4
Techniques of producing agro textile products......................................................................18
Application of Agro textiles .......................................................................................................38
Conclusion, Recommendation .................................................................................................53
References ..................................................................................................................................80
THANKYOU ................................................................................................................................82

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Present inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of
any venture.
I offer my profound gratitude to the management of UPTTI, Kanpur. For giving
me the opportunity to do prepare the project report. I express my sincere thanks to
Dr. G. Nalankilli, Director of Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute,
Kanpur.
I pay my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. ARUN KUMAR PATRA Sir, HOD of
Textile Chemistry department and Academic HOD, UPTTI Kanpur to encourage
me to the highest peak and to provide me the opportunity to prepare the project.
I feel to acknowledge my indebtedness and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Patra sir
whose valuable guidance and kind supervision given to me throughout the course
which shaped the present work as its show. I am immensely obliged to my friends
for their elevating inspiration, encouraging guidance and kind supervision in the
completion of my project.
Last, but not least, My Parents are also an important inspiration for me. So, with
due regards. I express my gratitude to them.
Vijay Prakash
1704460060
Textile Technology
Uttar PradeshTextile Technology
Institute Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

4. ABSTRACT
Agro-textile is a crucial and emerging sector among all the twelve sectors of
technical textiles. It covers all the textile products from horticulture application to
fishing and animal husbandry application. However, the significance ofagro-textiles
can be stated substantial all over the world. Also in India, some applications of agro-
textiles products have shown great extent of outcomes and it has positive impacts on
growth and production of various crops, vegetables. The main purpose of this
research is to deliver an overview and importance ofagro-textiles and to indicate the
prospect of agro-textiles in future of India. For this research some market analysis
has been done, which implies some indication about the rise in utilization and also
in local production of agro-tech. An alternate intention of this study to make the
industrialists, the businessmen and the entrepreneurs comprehend about this sector
and to encourage them in investment.

5. Introduction:
Agriculture is the largest industry in the world. Today, agriculture, horticulture area
has realized the need of tomorrow and opting for various technologies to get higher
overall yield, quality and tasty agro products. Adopting the hi-tech farming
technique, where textile structures are used, could enhance quality and overall yield
of agro-products. Textile structures in various forms are used in shade house/ poly
house, green house and also in open fields to control environmental factors like,
temperature, water and humidity. It also avoids agro products damage from wind,
rain and birds. Agro textiles like sunscreen, bird net windshield, mulch mat, hail
protection net, harvesting net, etc can be used for achieving the above goal. Crop
protection and weed control are the major challenges faced by the farmers in the
agriculture industry. Textile industry is the second largest industry next to
agriculture. Agro textiles contribute 8% share in the technical textiles break up. The
usage of agro textiles will be benefited in terms of products with enhanced quality,
higher yields fewer damages and bearable losses. This paper emphasizes the
application of agro textiles in various areas of agriculture and horticulture.

6. Classification of Agro textiles:
Agro textiles can be classified according to areas of applications. These areas are
broadly identified as:
 Agro textiles for crop production.
 Agro textiles for horticulture, floriculture and forestry.
 Agro textiles for animal husbandry and aqua culture.
 Agro textiles for agro engineering related applications.

7. Fibers Used for Agro Textiles:
Use of synthetics as well as natural fibers are used for agro textiles.
Fiber used in agro textiles are as follows:
 Nylon
 Polyester
 Polyethylene
 Polyolefin
 Polypropylene
 Jute
 Wool
General Property Requirement of Agro textiles:
The properties required for agro textiles are:
 Weather resistance
 Resistance to microorganisms
 Stable construction
 Light weight
 Withstands Solar Radiation
 Withstands Ultraviolet Radiation
 Bio Degradability
TECHNIQUES OF PRODUCING AGRO TEXTILE
Several techniques of fabric production can be used to produce Agro textiles; each
method offers specific advantages for particular product.
The techniques are:
 Woven products
 Knitting products

8.  Nonwoven products:
 There are many techniques to produce Nonwoven fabrics.
 Needle-punched nonwovens
 Stitch-bonded nonwovens
 Thermally bonded nonwovens
 Hydro entangled nonwovens
 Wet nonwovens
 Spun bonding and needle punch techniques are mainly used for the productionof
nonwoven Agro textiles. The spun bonded fabric has high and constant tensile
strength in all directions.
 It has also good tearing strength.

9. Properties required for Agrotextiles products:
Man-made fibers are preferred for agricultural products than the natural fibers
mainly due to their favourable price performance ratio, ease of transport, space
saving storage and long service life.
 Weather resistance
 Resistance to micro-organisms
Withstands solar radiation:
Agro textiles are laid over the cultivated areas immediately after sowing orplanting.
For such application Agrotextiles has to withstand solar radiation with varying
surrounding temperature.
Withstands ultraviolet radiation:
Polyethylene is resistant to radiation in the visible range. But UV radiation leads to
degradation of molecular chains. Hence when used as an outdoor material
polyethylene is treated with the appropriate UV stabilizers. These are special types
of carbon black which convert the UV radiation into thermal radiation. Good
potential to reduce the impact of UV radiation on plants by light-absorbing or light-
reflecting nonwovens (light permeability: 80 to 90% to allow photo synthesis to take
place).
Bio degradability:
Natural fibers like wool, jute, cotton is also used where the bio-degradability of
productis essential. Natural polymer gives the advantage of bio-degradation but has
low service life when compared to the synthetics.

10. High potential to retain water:
This is achieved by means of fiber materials which allow taking in much water and
by filling in super-absorbers. While nonwovens meant for the covering of plants
show a mass per unit area of 15 to 60 gm/m2, values between 100 and 500 g/m2 are
reached with materials for use on embankments and slopes.
Protection property:
Protection from wind and the creation of a micro-climate between the ground and
the nonwovens, which results in temperature and humidity being balanced out. At
the same time, temperature in the rootarea rise. This is what causes earlier harvests.
Sufficient stiffness, flexibility, evenness, elasticity, bio-degradability, dimensional
stability and resistance to wetness. Fungicidal finish (upto 2% of the total mass),
which avoids soil contamination.
Techniques of producing agro textile products:
Several techniques of fabric production can be used to produce Agrotextiles; each
method offers specific advantages for particular product. The techniques are,
 Woven
 Knitting
 Nonwoven
Woven:
Woven products are produced by using weaving machines especially Sulzer
projectile weaving machines. The range of light to heavy and wide width fabric
production is possible with Sulzer projectile weaving machine. The machines with

11. weaving width of 540cm to 846cm are available for the production of agro textiles.
The nets with a mesh width of 1.8mm to 40mm can be produced. Other systems of
woven fabric production such as air jet and rapier weaving machines are not
preferred for the manufacture of such fabrics, as they do not have required weaving
width.
Knitting:
Warp knitting technique is most widely used compare than the weft knitting. Warp
knitted protective nets are used in different sectors, which are produced on raschel
machines. Agro nets are produced in various constructions or lapping. Here, the
construction orlapping is a way in which individual yarn systems are converted into
fabrics.
Nonwovens:
There are many techniques to produce Nonwoven fabrics.
 Needle-punched nonwovens
 Stitch-bonded nonwovens
 Thermally bonded nonwovens
 Hydro entangled nonwovens
 Spun bonded nonwovens
 Wet nonwovens

12. Applications of Agro Textiles:
Wide varieties of agro textile products areavailable and the selection ofsuitable type
of products depends on the protection that the crop. Selection of the agrotextile is
greatly influenced by the geographical location. At some location Agrotextiles are
used to protect the plantation from excessive sunlight while at some places it is
expected to protectplant from cold. Therefore, selection of agrotextile is done as per
the location and the desired protection from the external agencies. With the use of
high quality agrotextiles quality and yield of agro products can be enhanced.
Some of the applications of agro textiles are as follows:
 Hail protection
 Wind protection
 Soil covering or weed protection
 Sun protection
 Bird protection net
 Plant nets
 Crop cover
 Insect meshes
 Net for covering pallets
 Packing materials for agricultural products
 Leno bags
 Shade fabric
 Green house
 Anti- insect nets

13. Sunscreens
In order to protectfields and greenhouses from the intense solar radiation forhealthy
plant growth and good harvest. Sunscreen nets with openmesh constructionare used
to control sunshine and amount of shade required. These net fabrics allow the air to
flow freely. So the excess heat does not built up under the screen.
Bird protection nets
Knitted monofilament nets (Open, knitted, nets for crop protection) offer effective
passive protection of seeds, crops and fruit against damage caused by birds and a

14. variety of pests. Open-mesh net fabrics are used as a means of protecting fruit
plantation. The special open structure repels birds, provides minimal shading and
excellent air circulation - allowing plants to flourish, whilst avoiding the risk of
dangerous mould developing on the fruit.
Benefits of agro textiles:
 Agro-textiles used in greenhouses, to keep areas safe and tidy.
 Agro-textiles improve plant growth and crops in the orchards.
 Used mainly in planted areas, they provide ground moisture conservation,
allowing roots to breathe and water, air and nutrients to pass through out the
plant.
 Maintains higher soil temperatures and promotes more rapid and even plant
growth.
 Farmers have also found that use of agro textiles bring about improvement in the
quality of fruits, uniformity of color and prevent staining.
 Increase crop production.
 Avoid the soil from drying out.
 Decrease the requirement of fertilizers, pesticides and water.
Agro Textiles:
The word "Agro textiles" now is used to classify the woven, nonwoven and knitted
fabrics applied for agricultural and horticultural uses covering livestock protection,
shading, weed and insect control, and extension of the growing season. Theessential
properties required are Strength, elongation, stiffness, porosity, bio-degradation,
resistance to sunlight and resistance to toxic environment.

15. Conclusion:
Agro textile plays a significant role to help controlenvironment forcrop production,
eliminate variations in climate, weather change and generate optimum condition for
plant growth.
Thus, the need of textile goods in the field of agriculture has been stressed and their
role in the reduced usage of harmful pesticides and herbicides to render a healthy
farming culture underlined.
The journey so far through this paperhas thus unraveled the macro views ofthis new
venture of textiles interference into Agriculture. We have observed the reduced
usage of harmful pesticides and herbicides to render a healthy farming culture.
Unique manufacturing techniques and properties of this blend of agrotextile sector
products whose cost is lesser than that of pesticides and chemical herbicides have
been discussed.
Textiles prove to be flexible in its suitability for specific geographical locations. So
now it's our turn, to carefully and beautifully shape this infant technology, to
contribute to a developed economy and thus a developed country.
"Textile is a global text which has the extra style of applications in all fields, - feel
it and endure it"

16. Market trend
Technical textiles in the form of fabrics account for about 70% of product
consumption. Of this, nonwovens have the lion's share due to their better economy
and suitability for varied applications. Fibrefill is popular for residential and
industrial applications where unspun fibers are used. Only about 20% of technical
textiles manufactured worldwide are made from natural fibers such cotton, silk and
wool. The rest is from man-made/organic fibers. The projected global market size
of technical textiles by 2010 is in the region of $20-$130 billion. As an emerging
economic power, India has tremendous potential for production, consumption and
export of technical textiles. The market size and potential for technical textiles in
India is projected at Rs 30,000 crore by 2007-08. Manmade textiles in the form of
knitted fabrics are extensively used for many agricultural ends uses mainly due to
their favourable price/performance ratio, ease of transport and set-up, space saving
in storage and long service life. Some of the popular agricultural fabrics are plant
nets, sunscreens, windshields, harvesting nets and nets for protecting crops from
birds. Agricultural textiles will form 1.5% of the projected Indian technical textiles
market. Nylon, polyester, polyethylene and polyolefin are the fiber materials used
for agro tech. All these are manufactured indigenously at present. Warp knitting is
the major technology route for Agrotech.

17. References:
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Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol .34, December 2009, pp.359-367)
 www.usc.es/congresos/ecsos/13/hall_f_psc/f3.pdf(13rd International
Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-13),1-30
November 2009).
 Yamamoto Kazu hide, Text Res J,52(6) (1982)357
 https://www.slideshare.net/arpanakamboj/agro-textile
 https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/agro-textiles-a-review-5386
 https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/1579/agro-textiles-a-rising-
wave#:~:text=The%20word%20%22agro%20textiles%22%20now,of%20eit
her%20woven%20or%20nonwovens.
 Manoj D Sankhe and R S Chitnis "Agrotextiles: fibers, machinery, fabrics
and their applications", Asian textile journal, October2004.
 "Textile structures and their applications in agriculture", The Indian textile
journal.
 Wellington sears 'Hand bookof Industrial Textiles'-Sabit Adanur Technomic
pub.co,.
 "An overview of agrotextiles in Indian scenario", SASMIRA
 www.tnau.edu.