A number of organic materials are used in the field of nuclear power. Fibres are used extensively , not only as the basis for working suits, but also in scientific processing. For example hollow fibres are an integral part of of the filters usedto purify the reactor’s cooling water. The problem however is that in radiationenvironment they suffer in their durability and mechanical strength. Composite materials are now being examined, such as Glass fibre. But their behaviour in an ionising radiation flux over a long period is not known.

1. APPLICATION OF FIBRE
IN
NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT
Presented By:- Amal Ray
Roll No:-02
Stream:-MTT
GUIDED BY-Sajal Burman
GETTS, Serampore

2. INTRODUCTION
• A number of organic materials are used in the field of nuclear
power. Fibres are used extensively , not only as the basis for
working suits, but also in scientific processing.
• For example hollow fibres are an integral part of of the filters
usedto purify the reactor’s cooling water.
• The problem however is that in radiationenvironment they suffer
in their durability and mechanical strength. Composite materials
are now being examined, such as Glass fibre. But their behaviour
in an ionising radiation flux over a long period is not known.

3. Purposes for using textile materials
in Nuclear Power Plant
• The purposes for using textile materials in Nuclear Power Plant are
given below :-
• Optical Fibre Sensor.
• Carbon based material as temparature withstanding material.
• Glass fibres as Cable.
• For Cooling Purpose.
• For Protection from Radiation.

4. OPTICAL FIBRE SENSOR
• Optical fiber sensors (OFS) have a number of intrinsic
advantages that make them attractive for nuclear
power plant (NPP) applications, including absolute
explosion safety, extremely low mass, small size,
immunity to electromagnetic interference, high-
accuracy, selfcalibration, and operation in extremely
harsh environments, and it is a well-known fact.
• All silica, photonic crystal fibers appear likely to have
much larger radiation tolerance than conventional
optical fiber technologies.
• Due to this optical fibers are the preferred
alternative for both: sensing and signal transmission
in long-term monitoring of NPP and SNF applications.

5. Safety and long-term metrological stability of
OFS for Nuclear power plant assumes
• - Radiation hardness of fiber optic sensors and cables.
• - Absence of mechanical resonances of the gauge at frequencies up
to 200 Hz.
• - Immunity to electromagnetic effects in the range of frequencies
200 kHz and 18 – 20 MHz.
• - High reliability of a sensitive element of the OFS .
• - Temperature-insensitive measurements of pressure in the working
range of temperatures.
• - Self-calibration of the gauge without stopping the process of
measurement.
• These requirements are satisfied by modern OFS, especially
intellectual optical fiber sensors.

6. Typical pressure sensing (instrument) line inside a nuclear
reactor containment.

7. Carbon based materials used in
nuclear reactor
• Carbon based materials due to their wide range
of structures and several desirable neutronic
properties are used in nuclear reactors and in the
recent past there has been growing interest to
develop speciality carbon for high temperature
nuclear and fusion reactors.
• Graphite was used in the first nuclear reactor CP-
1, constructed in 1942 at Stagg Field University of
Chicago.

8. Properties of C/C Composites useful
for Nuclear Reactor
• Some of the most important and useful properties of C/C
composites are as follows : -
• Light weight.
• High strength at high temperature (3000°C) in non-oxidizing
atmospheres.
• Low coefficient of thermal expansion.
• High thermal conductivity, high thermal shock resistance
• Low recession in high pressure ablation environments.
• The mechanical strength of C/C composites increases with
temperature, in contrast to the strength of metal and
ceramics.

9. Flow-sheet for the preparation of C/C
Composite

10. Glass fibre used as Cable
• The most expensive, and the most efficient cable type,
Glass fibres suffer very little distance-related energy
loss. They tolerate currents up to High
Voltage(512 EU/t).
• Due to latest quality standards of Glass fiber cables
only the highest quality materials can be utilized,
resulting in reduced cable lengths from the same
materials.
• There is no need to insulate glass fiber cable as it will
not shock you. It also has the same energy loss as tin
cable so it's best to use it when ever you can afford to,
even on lower voltages.

11. Cooling purpose
• The hollow fibres like vinylon and polyethelene are used in filters
for cooling water are now being tested for radiation stability.
• The Coolant Cell is a heat storage Nuclear Reactor component. It
can be created by placing a Water Cell in an Extractor.
• This component will sink heat from other components, there is no
self cooling or future heat distribution, you will need vents to
restore cell or replace it.
• Almost every component and the reactor itself can store heat in an
effort to stave off a disaster. It is up to the cooling systems to get rid
of this accumulated heat before the reactor cannot take any more.

12. Protection from radiation
• The radiation processing can be applied to produce carbon
fibres from PAN or pitch.
• Conventionally PAN or pitch fibres are heat treated to oxidise
them into non melting cross – linked fibres , prior to sintering
to carbon fibres.
• The radiation modification can be performed at room
temparature and requires no sophisticated control.

13. References
• Radiation hard and intelligent optical fibre
sensors for Nuclear Power Plant - Graigory y.
Buymistriac.
• Carbon fibre reinforced carbon components –
The Carbon company.
• Development of carbon/ carbon composites for
nuclear reactor applications – Ramani
Venugopalan and D . Sathiyamoorthy.
• Some new optical techniques for reactor
instrumentations – Masaharu Nakazawa.
• Glass fibre cable - industrial craft.

14. THANK YOU.