3. • Are the vertical elements which surround the
space and give the space its shape and size
and other variable characters.
Components of the space
1. The walls:
4. • Walls are basic elements in defining the space
1. The walls:
Components of the space
Well defined spaceUndefined space
5. • Are important in directing movement in the
space.
Components of the space
1. The walls:
7. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be buildings
8. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be trees.
9. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be fences.
10. Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be topography of
the land.
11. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The floor of the space is the base on which
all the activities of the space happen.
• The floor can be flat or with levels.
12. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The floor can be soft from lawn or sand …...
13. • The paving pattern can divide the space into zones
Zonefor
pedestri
an
Zonefor
furniture
Zonefor
shoppin
g
• The paving pattern gives order to
the overall design of the space.
14.
15. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The paving type varies depending upon many factors like
the use of the space:
Near beaches paths are paved with rough pavement to prevent slipping
16. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The paving types varies depending upon many factors like
the history of the space:
In developing a historic area we
use the same type of old pavement
to preserve the character of the area
17. Components of the space
3. The roof :
• Usually the sky is the roof for urban open spaces.
18. Components of the space
3. The roof :
• Sometimes parts of the space can be
covered for specific
purposes, like providing shading, privacy,
defining the space
• The roof can be from concrete, or plants,
textile …..
19. Components of the space
4. Furniture of the space
Hardscape elements softscape elements
Trees and plantsLighting
Seats
Fountains
……
20. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban
spaces:
• It extends the time of using urban
spaces.
• It provides safety and security.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
21. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban spaces:
• It contributes to the beauty of urban spaces when light falls on
plants, fountains, sculptures, buildings, and other features in
the urban context.
22. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban spaces:
• It leads the movement to specific directions
23. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Lighting columns: with different shapes and sizes
24.
25. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Short Lighting columns: with different shapes and sizes
26. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• hanged Lighting units:
27. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Lighting spots: which are fixed in the ground
28. Tree grates :
• Tree grates are the horizontal cover
of the planting hole
• Are used to enable water to reach the
roots of a tree
• And to provide a wider space for
walking.
• It’s area should be more than 1 m2
to allow ventilation to the soil
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
29. Tree Collar :
• A vertical element which
surround the stem of the tree to
protect it.
• It is fixed in the tree grate
• The corner of tree collar should
be curved to prevent causing
harm for pedestrians
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
30. Signs :
They convey messages that are essential to the function and
safety of a space.
• The sign should be clear – specific- and attractive
• There should be a harmony between sings design and
their context and between the signs in the same area.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
31. • The signs can determine a direction or a speed limit so they
should be clear , accurate and specific
32. • The signs can be commercial signs so they should be attractive
and add to the overall design of buildings.
33. Sculptures :
Sculptures and other public arts are
important elements in improving the
quality of the urban environment.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
39. Fountains :
Fountains and pools are
often the focal elements of
a public space.
Water has many unique
characters.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
40. • The sound of water help in creating the feel of relaxation besides the cooling
effect of water .
Fountains :
41. Fountains :
The merge between using sculptures and water adds a lot to the quality of
urban environment
42.
43.
44. 4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
Street Art :
45.
46.
47.
48. Bollards :
They act as a barrier separating
traffic from pedestrian areas .
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
49.
50. Seating :
The type and placement of sitting
areas depend upon many factors like
the function of the space, the users… .
But in general setting area should be
shaded- the seats should be
comfortable – from durable materials-
with attractive shapes…….
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57. Tree planters and pots :
There are Many types of tree planters and are available for both
tree and flowers.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”