The document summarizes key body systems including the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. The digestive system breaks down food and extracts nutrients which are delivered through the circulatory system. The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide. The excretory system removes waste from the body through the urinary system and sweat glands.

1. UNIT 2: NUTRITION

2. Nutrients: vitamins and minerals that
help our body grow.
NUTRITION
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM

3. The digestive system: group of organs that
extract nutrients from food and expel waste.
PROCESS:
1- First, we crush food with teeth and saliva in our
mouth→Bolus.
2-Then, we swallow it through our oesophagus.
3- Our stomach breaks down food together gastric juices.
4- Now, the food is liquid and passes into the small
intestine. Bile (liver) and pancreatic juices broke down
into vitamins, minerals, fats and carbohydrates. Nutrients
→ blood.
5- Finally, the large intestine sends keeps the waste and
expels it through the anus.

4. The digestive system

5. Key words and their definitions
• Nutrients: vitamins and minerals that help your body
grow.
• Saliva: digestive fluids produced into the mouth.
• Oesophagus: a tube that joints the mouth with the
stomach.
• Stomach: an organ in the digestive system that breaks
down food.
• Liver: organ which produces bile.
• Bile: a digestive juice that breaks down fat.

6. Key words and their definitions
• Gastric juices: liquid produced by the stomach that
aides in breaking down food.
• Small intestine: long and narrow tube that breaks down
and absorbs food.
• Large intestine: large tube that removes water from
undigested food and keep the waste.
• Anus: end of the large intestine.
• Can you add more key words?

7. The circulatory system:delivers blood to our body
through blood vessels. Its main organ is the heart.
• PROCESS: blood flows around the body in a
double circuit.
• 1- Pulmonary circulation: blood flows from the
heart to the lungs and back to the heart again.
• 2- Systemic circulation: blood flows from the
heart to the rest of the body.

8. THE HEART: the motor of our
body.
• It is divided into 4 chambers:
- The 2 on the top are the atria.
- The 2 at the bottom are the ventricles.
They are separated by valves.

9. VESSELS: they carry blood
through our body
• There are 3 types of vessels:
1- Arteries carry blood from the heart to the
rest of the body. They contain oxygen.
2- Veins carry the blood back to the heart.
They contain carbon dioxide.
3- Capillaries are tiny vessels that connect
arteries and veins.

10. • The respiratory system helps us to obtain
the oxygen and expell the carbon dioxide.

11. THE RESPIRATION: Main organs are the lungs.
First, the air, is inhaled.
Then, the trachea, or windpipe, filters the air.
The trachea branches into two bronchi, tubes that lead to the
lungs.
Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream.
Blood carries the oxygen through the body.
Red blood cells collect carbon dioxide from the body’s cells
and transports it back to the lungs.
An exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the
alveoli, small structures within the lungs. The carbon dioxide,, is
exhaled and the cycle begins again with the next breath.

12. The excretory system eliminates waste products
(carbon dioxide, urine and water) from our body.
It consists of the urinary system and the sweat glands.
• Urinary system: the body gets rid of waste from blood.
The main organs are the kidneys.
PROCESS: renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys that filter waste
and water and form the urine.
Then the urine leaves the kidneys and passes through the ureters
to the bladder which is emptied by the urethra.

13. • Sweat glands: structures of the skin that produce sweat
(a mixture of water and minerals).
These glands excrete the sweat and helps us to regulate
the temperature of our body.
The sweat leaves our skin through tiny holes called pores.