2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
• An electronic device that manipulates information,
or data.
• Ability to store, retrieve and process data.
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3. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Abacus
• First mechanical calculating device for
counting large numbers
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4. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier
• Built for the purpose of multiplication
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5. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Calculating Machines
• Pascal’s Adding and Subtraction Machine
• Invented by Blaise Pascal
• An adding and subtracting machine which
consists of wheels, gears and cylinder
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6. History of Computer
(2nd Century B.C)
• Leibniz’s Multiplication and Dividing
Machines (1673)
• Invented by Gottfried Leibniz
• Mechanical device that could multiply and
divide.
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7. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Jacquard Punch Card System
• Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard
• A reader that could recognize the presence of
holes in the punched card as binary one and
the absence of the holes as binary zero.
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8. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Babbage’s Analytical Engine
• Invented by Charles Babbage
• “father of Computer” (1823)
• Mechanical machine designed to do complex
mathematical calculations
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9. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Herman Hollerith
• Founder of a company late became part of
IBM
• Hollerith’s Punched Card Tabulating Machine.
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10. History of Computer
(1800’s)
• Augusta Ada Byron
• First computer programmer
• Developed concepts of decision structures,
loops, and a library procedure with Babbage.
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11. History of Computer
(1960’s)
• Ted Hoff, Stan Mazer, Roger Noyce &
Federico Faggin
• Engineers at the Intel Corporation
• Developed the first Microprocessor chip that
serves as the CPU for microcomputers.
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12. History of Computer
(1960’s)
• Paul Allen & Bill Gates
• co-founders of Microsoft Corporation
• Developed the language and the operating
system for the IBM PC.
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13. History of Computer
(1980’s)
• Timothy “Tim” Berners Lee
• British computer scientist
• Invented the World Wide Web
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14. HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE
• Hardware – any part of your computer that has
physical structure
• Software – set of instructions that tells the
hardware what to do and how to do it.
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16. Desktop computers
• Designed to be placed on a desk, and they’re
typically made up of few different parts
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17. Laptop computers
• Commonly called laptop
• Battery-powered computers that are more
portable than desktops, allowing you to use them
almost anywhere
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18. Tablet computers
• Handheld computers that are even more portable
than laptops
• Use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation
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19. Server
• A computer that serves up information to other
computers on a network.
• Many businesses also use local file servers to sore
and share files internally
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20. Other types of computer
• Smartphones
• Wearables – general term for a group of devices
(fitness trackers and smartwatches)
• Game consoles – used for playing video games on
tv
• TVs – now include apps
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21. PCs & Macs
PC
• 1981
• IBM PC Compatible (PC)
• Microsoft Windows OS
Mac
• Macintosh computer
• 1984
• first widely sold PC with
GUI
• By Apple
• Mac OS X
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23. Computer case
• Contains the main components of the computer
• Motherboard, CPU, power supply
• Front: On/Off button, optical drives
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24. Monitor
• Visual Display Unit (VDU)
• Main output device of computer
• Works with video card
• some monitors also have built-in
speaker
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25. Monitor
TYPE OF MONITOR
• New: LCD (Liquid crystal display), LED (Light-
emitting diode) displays – thin (flat-panel display)
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26. Monitor
TYPE OF MONITOR
• Old: CRT(cathode ray tube) displays – larger and
heavier
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27. Keyboard
• May ways to communicate with a computer
• Allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks
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28. Mouse
• Another important tool for communicating with
computers
• Pointing devices
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29. Mouse
• Types of mouse
• Optical – uses an electronic eye to
detect movement and is easier to
clear
• Mechanical – uses a rolling ball to
detect movement and requires
regular cleaning to work properly.
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32. Front of a computer case
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33. Back of a computer case
• Connection ports – made to fit
specific devices; placement –may
vary
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34. Other types of port
• FireWire
• Thunderbolt
• HDMI
Thunderbolt
FireWire
HDMI
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35. Peripherals – extra ports
• Printers: used to print documents, photos, and
anything else that appears on your screen
• Types:
• Inkjet, laser, photo printers,
all-in-one printer (scan & copy doc)
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36. Peripherals – extra ports
• Scanner
• Allows to copy a physical image or document and save
it to your computer as digital (computer-readable)
image
• all-in-one printer ( with scanner photocopier machine)
• flatbed or handheld scanner
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37. Peripherals – extra ports
• Speakers/headphones
• Output devices, which means they send
information from the computer to user
• It allow to hear sound and music
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38. Peripherals – extra ports
• Microphones
• Input device that receives information
from a user
• Used to record sound or talk with
someone else over the Internet
• Laptop computer comes with built in
microphones
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39. Peripherals – extra ports
• Web cameras (web cam
• Input device that can record videos and take
pictures
• Transmit video over the internet in real time,
which allows for video chat or video
conferencing with someone else
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40. Peripherals – extra ports
• Game controllers and joystick
• Used to control computer games
• Joysticks
• Mouse and keyboard can also use to
control games
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41. Peripherals – extra ports
• Digital cameras
• Captures pictures and videos in digital format
• Connecting USB port to transfer the images
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42. Peripherals – extra ports
• Mobile phones, MP3 players, tablet computers,
and other devices
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44. Motherboard
• Main circuit board
• A thin plate that holds CPU, memory, connectors
for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion
cards to control the video and audio, and
connections to your computer’s port (USB)
• Connects directly or indirectly to every part of the
computer
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46. CPU/ processor
• Brain of the computer
• Job is to carry out commands
• Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start
an application, you’re sending instructions to the
CPU
• Two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip
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48. CPU/ processor
• Speed: megahertz (MHz) – millions of instructions
per second, gigahertz (GHz) – billion of instructions
per second
• A faster processor can execute instruction more
quickly.
• But it depends on on the speed of many diff
component not just processor.
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49. RAM
• Short-term memory
• Disappears when the computer is turned off
• Measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB)
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50. Hard drive
• Software, documents , and other files are stored
• Long-term storage – saved data even it is turned
off
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51. Power supply unit
• Converts the power from the wall outlet to the
type of power needed by the computer
• Sends power through cables to the motherboard
and other components
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52. STORAGE DEVICES
- Read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.
- Used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk.
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53. Floppy Disk
• Small capacity magnetic storage device inside a
plastic case accessible by a floppy disk drive
• 3 ½ inch size
• 1.44 MB capacity
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54. Optical Disc
• Use laser technology to store data onto a circular
plastic or metallic disc
• Accessed by the use of Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
• Compact Disc (CD) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
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55. Optical Disc
•Compact Disc (CD)
• 700 MB
• Types:
• CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable)
• CD-RW (Compact Disk Re-writable)
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56. Optical Disc
•Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
• 4.7 GB
• Commonly used for movie/ video storage.
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57. Hard Drive /Hard Disk Drive
• Magnetic storage device
• Installed inside the computer
• Used as permanent storage for data.
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58. Kinds of Hard Disk
1. Internal Hard Disk
permanent storage inside the computer box
Stores the programs and files of the computer.
Gets its power from the motherboard
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59. Kinds of Hard Disk
2. External Hard Disk
Hard disks with enclosure made of plastic
or metal
hard disk normally requires external power
to operate.
Capacities of 80 GB to 3 TB.
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60. Flash Memory
• Non-volatile memory that can be electrically
erased and reprogrammed which is used for
general purpose storage and data transfer used in
cellular phones, digital camera, video cameras,
handheld devices, etc.
• Flash drives, memory cards, and solid state drives
(SSD)
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61. Kinds of Flash Memory
1. Flash Drive
Flash memory storage with a USB connector,
having capacity of 4GB to 128 GB.
Durable, have large capacity, fast and cheaper
Flash drives with micro USB connectors are
available for use with smartphones, tablets
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62. Kinds of Flash Memory
2. Solid State Drive (SSD)
More capacity than flash drive
Used as an alternative to hard disk drives
Three to four times more expensive than
the hard disks.
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63. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
Solid-state electronic data storage devices that
use flash memory.
Classified as a general purpose storage and
data transfer used in cellular phones, digital
camera, video cameras, handheld devices, etc.
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64. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
• Memory Stick
• Sony (1998)
• Secure Digital (SD)
• Panasonic, SanDisk and Toshiba
• Used for digital cameras, mobile phnes,
• ‘High capacity formats called SDHC (SD High Capacity)
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65. Kinds of Flash Memory
3. Memory Cards
• MicroSD
• Smallest removable flash memory in the market
• Often includes an adaptor
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67. Hierarchy of Storage
• Primary Memory
• Memory devices that are directly connected and
accessible to the CPU
• Data stored are lost when power is shut down
• RAM
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68. Hierarchy of Storage
Secondary Memory
Storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU .
Does not lose its data when power is shut down.
Also called external memory
Hard disk
Floppy disk
CD, DVD
Removable hard disk
Pen drive
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69. References
• What is Computer?
• GCFLearnFree.org
• Understanding PC Hardware (K12). 2017. Jemma Development
Group
• Images Retrieve from Google Search
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