2. • Natural gas
• Unconventional
• Found in certain types of shale rock
• 200 – 1000 metre deep
• Low permeability
• Prevalent in the area
• 95.5% Methane, 2.5% Ethane, 0.2%
Propane.
• Large Domestic Source of energy
3. Three factors that have created the
unconventional natural gas industry.
• Directional Drilling
• Hydraulic Fracturing
• High well prices
8. Most critics support the production of natural gas
from Shale Gas.
analysts expect shale gas will greatly expand
worldwide energy supply
Unconventional gas production is expected to
rise from 42% in 2007 to 64% in 2013
There is enough shale to support future needs
for 100 years
9. • However, not everyone agrees with natural gas
production from Shale gas.
• Water agencies and citizens around shale regions are
concerned about: availability of water supplies needed for gas
production waste water disposal
• There are cases of benzene contamination in well water
• Critics believe hydraulic fracturing allows chemicals to
leak into the groundwater
13. Global Distribution of Shale gas
1. China
2. Argentina
3. Algeria
4. United States
5. Canada
6. Mexico
7. Australia
8. South Africa
9. Russia
10. Brazil
With current technology only about 10% of shale gas is recoverable
14. • Pollution of Groundwater
• Wildlife Impacts
• Community Impacts
• Surface Disturbances ( earthquake )
15. Chemicals are added to water to aide in
fracturing the rock
This adds to the amount of contaminated ground water
Water is stored in above ground ponds until it
can be removed or injected back into the earth
for Hydraulic fracturing.
16. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
In using this technique researchers are trying to find a
way to cut down on water pollution
It takes 2 million to 4 million gallons of water to
drill and fracture a horizontal shale gas well
17. New Techniques are developing
Researchers want this water to be clean enough to be
used for other purposes as well
This way shale-gas associated water can be
considered a resource of its own
18. Gas development can
adversely affect animal
habitat and wildlife.
They can drill
underneath sensitive
areas like wetlands to
reduce wildlife
disturbances.
19. There are certain Community issues that can
arise
Damage to roads - Traffic congestion
Noise
Dust
It takes intense planning to ensure that these
factors have the smallest impact possible
20. • Vertical wells can require
up to 40 acres per well
• Horizontal wells take up
much less space and are
more efficient.
21. Natural Gas is the cleanest of all fossil fuels
Can reduce the emissions of pollutants into the
atmosphere
The main products of natural gas combustion are
carbon dioxide and water vapor
Carbon dioxide is a less potent pollutant
22. • Natural gas does not
contribute much to smog
• Emits low levels of nitrous
oxide and almost no
particulate matter
• Can be used to fuel
vehicles
• Cut down on the emissions
from gasoline and diesel.
23. PRO
Means more jobs
Less pollution
There is money to be had
May cause lower prices for fuel
in the future
CON
There are many development
issues when it comes to shale
gas
People don’t necessarily want
their land dug up
Wildlife advocates worry about
the disturbance of habitats
24. PRO
Greater energy security
More money to be had by local
and state governments
Allows for less dependence on
foreign oil
Shale Gas can be developed in
America
CON
In developing a shale gas there
are a lot of factors that need
to be taken into consideration.
There is an abundance of
paperwork a contractor needs
to go through to get the
approval to harvest shale gas.
25. Significance of shale gas as alternative
source of energy worldwide
Increasing oil/gas price
Declining conventional oil/gas reserves necessitate unconventional reserves
supplementation to meet demand- supply gap
Big discoveries of shale gas in the United States
Large untapped resource of Shale Gas available
Earlier shale gas wells drilled vertical and non-profitable due to very less permeability
& producibility
Introduction of improved modern technologies viz. Horizontal Drilling & Hydro Fracture
26. • Although shale gas is one of
the fastest growing trends in
onshore oil and gas
exploration there is still a
long way to go!
• Better, more efficient
technology needs to be
obtained.
• Each gas shale basins is
different and each has a
unique set operational
challenges.
29. Prospective Shale gas deposits in India
Huge shale deposits in basins of Gondwana, Cambay, Assam-Arakan, Krishna
Godavari, Cauvery, Rajasthan:
Damodar valley - in the Gondwana basins.
Cambay shales - in Gujarat.
Krishna Godavari Basin
in Assam-Arakan Basin - Disang, Kopili, Disang & Barail Coal Shale in Assam
Bokabil & Bhuban Shales in Tripura
Cauvery Basins
Rajasthan - in Jaisalmer basin).
30. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
• Shale Gas exploitation is no longer uneconomic - improved technology.
Demand and preference for clean form of gas has made Shale Gas, a well
sought after energy.
• Reserve accretion, production & development world over is rapidly
increasing.
• India also has development of prolific matured shale distributed in different
sedimentary basins e.g. Damodar Valley, Cambay, Assam-Arakan, Krishna-
Godavari, Cauvery and Rajasthan.
• Vast shale deposits with high TOC and maturity value in the above mentioned
sedimentary basins with available improved modern technologies can make
India a top player of Shale Gas.
