The document summarizes several important international conventions and protocols related to environmental protection established between 1972 and 2012. The key conventions addressed biodiversity loss through the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992, climate change through the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in 1992 and 1997, and sustainable development through Agenda 21 in 1992. The Rio+20 conference in 2012 aimed to agree on measures for poverty reduction, clean energy, and integrating economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainable development.

1. International Conventions and protocols

2. 1972 -UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
 An organisation under United Nations (1972)
 The United Nations General Assembly elects the UNEP
governing council members
 HQ – Nairobi ,Kenya
 Two programmes
Earth watch : constant surveillance on environment
Global Environment outlook(GEO): publishes this report
 Late 80’s ,Worked on a draft agreement (Nairobi
conference)

17. 1992 Earth Summit
Mission Earth summit’s
result
Outcome
1. Protect Biodiversity CBD 1 Aichi Targets
2 Cartagena Protocol on Bio safety
3 Nagoya Protocol on Genetic
Resources
2 Reverse Climate Change UNFCC 1 Kyoto Protocol
2 Copenhagen Accord
3 Promote Sustainable
Development
UNCCD 1 Agenda 21
2 RIO +20

24.  COP-MOP 1 - 23-27 February 2004, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
 COP-MOP 2 - 30 May-3 June 2005, Montreal, Canada
 COP-MOP 3 - 13-17 March 2006, Curitiba, Brazil
 COP-MOP 4 - 12 - 16 May 2008, Bonn, Germany
 COP-MOP 5 - 11 - 15 October 2010, Nagoya, Japan
 COP-MOP 6 - 1-5 October 2012, Hyderabad, India
 COP-MOP 7 - 29-3 Sept-Oct 2014 , Pyeongchang,
Republic of Korea

35.  Strategic goal A
Address the causes of biodiversity loss
 Strategic Goal B:
Reduce the direct pressure on biodiversity and
promote sustainable use
 Strategic Goal C
Safeguard ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
 Strategic Goal D
Biodiversity benefits to all
 Strategic Goal E
Participatory planning, capacity building

57.  Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented
action plan of the United Nations with regard
to sustainable development
 establish guidelines for local cultural policies,
something comparable to what Agenda 21 was for the
environment. They are to be included in various
subsections of Agenda 21 and will be carried out
through a wide range of sub-programs beginning
with. G8 countries

58. Rio +20, future we want
 By this conference UN wanted to bring together
governments, international institutions and major
(NGO) groups to agree on a range of smart measures
for
 poverty reduction
 clean energy
 Sustainable development. And this Sustainable
Development has three pillars
 economic development,
 social development
 environmental protection.

64.  The Convention addresses specifically the arid, semi-
arid and dry sub-humid areas, known as the drylands,
where some of the most vulnerable ecosystem and
people can be found.
 Parties to the Convention further specified their
goals: "to forge a global partnership to reverse and
prevent desertification/land degradation and to
mitigate the effects of drought in affected areas in order
to support poverty reduction and environmental
sustainability".

65.  To improve the living conditions for people in dry
lands, to maintain and restore land and soil
productivity, and to mitigate the effects of drought.
 bottom-up approach
 The implementation of the UNCCD is geared
around five regional implementation annexes:
 Annex 1 for Africa,
 Annex 2 for Asia,
 Annex 3 for Latin America and the Caribbean,
 Annex 4 for Northern Mediterranean
 Annex 5 for Central and Eastern Europe.

83. 1971 : Ramsar Convention , Convention
on wetlands of international Importance
 is an international treaty for the conservation and
sustainable utilization of wetlands.
 Presently there are 168 contracting parties