At the end of this e-learning session you are able to… 1. Discuss type of helminths or worm infections. 2. Explain pharmacology of Anthelminthic Drugs. For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g For 2+ video lecture series on Pharmacoeconomics refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY8U1TnlcHttsRB8hwpoJRL For 5+ video lecture series on Pharmacoepidemiology refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbqIaLoMmuF0Bf66SMFZtnb For 5+ video lecture series on Drug discovery refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Bbn9IE6c4MagVHZMNNinJov For 5+ video lecture series on Drugs used in Special population use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZAed7zkXxyrgomJx2sSwHR For 5+ video lecture series on Adverse Drug Reaction use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbWpd06N6RcV2q0K3JT29Wv For 2+ video lecture series on Therapeutic drug monitoring refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZQtOerZuDjx4yo0eOeTHIy For 26+ video lecture series on Drugs act on central nervous system refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY9xHaplYCYG26ALtIQp5aC For 6+ video lecture series on drugs act on Gastrointestinal tract refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYgHRHwuarKTt96bu_2L5WK To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1 Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/

1. Prof. Shaikh Abusufiyan
Assistant Professor,
AIKTC-School of Pharmacy,
New Panvel-410206
Anthelminthic Drugs
Pharma Learning Forever

2. At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss type of helminths.
B. Explain pharmacology of
Anthelminthic Drugs.

3. Activity I: Self learning of e-content

4. ● Many human harbour --> helminths (Worms) of one
species or another.
● In some cases these infection --> results mainly in
discomfort and do not cause ill health. eg. Threadworms
in children.
● Other worm infections, such as Schistosomiasis and
hookworm disease --> can produce very serious
morbidity.

5. Sexual reproduction of worms:
● Most worm reproduce sexually in human host (Primary
host)
Produces egg or larvae
When passes out the body
it infect the secondary host

6. Type of worm infections
Those in which
1. worm lives in alimentary canal
2. worms lives in other tissue of the host body

7. Worm lives in alimentary canal
1. Tapeworm (Cestodes)
The usual intermediate hosts of tapeworm are
● cattle
● pigs
● and fresh water fish.
● Human become infected --> by eating raw or under
cooked meat of these animals or fishes.

8. 2. Intestinal Round worms (Nematodes): 4 types
1. Common round worm
2. Thread worm
3. Whipe-worm
4. Hookworms

9. Worms lives in the host tissues
1. Trematodes or flukes:
• Infection caused by trematodes or flukes is
called as Schistosomiasis (bilharzia).
2. Tissue round worms: are of 2 types
a. Guinea worms
b. Filariae worms

10. a. Guinea worms
●The gravid female migrate to the S.C tissues of the leg
or the foot and protrude through an ulcer in the
skin.
●The worm may be up to a meter in length and has to
be removed surgically
●Or by slow mechanical windning of the worm on to the
stick over a period of days.

12. b. Filariae worm:
● Major filarial disease are caused by wuchereria
which caused obstruction of the lymphatic vessels
producing elephantiasis.

14. Q&A: Activity II
Q.1 Enlist types of worm infection.
Q.2 Name worm which migrate to the S.C
tissues of the leg or the foot and protrude
through an ulcer in the skin?
Q.3 How Filariae worm causes
elephantiasis.

15. Anthelmintic Drugs
● To be an effective anthelmintic drugs
● it must be able to --> penetrate the cuticle of the
worms
● or gain access --> to alimentary tract.
• Limitation: This lead to difficulties for the design of
good anthelmintic drugs.

16. ● Some worms are exclusively --> haemophagous
(blood eating) while other are tissue gazers.
Therefore root and dose of anthelmintic --> is
Important and must be chosen carefully.

17. MOA of anthelmintic drugs
1. Paralysis of worms or damages worm cuticle
Leading to partial digestion or rejection by immune
system.
2. Interfere with --> metabolism of the worm

18. Classification
1. For roundworm
eg. Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantal, Piperazine, Levamisole,
Ivermectin.
2. For hookworm
eg. Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantal, Levamisole
3. For threadworm
eg. Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantal, Piperazine

19. 4. For whipworm
Eg. Mebendazole, Albendazole
5. For filariasis
eg. Albendazole, Ivermectin
6. For tapeworms
Albendazole, Praziquantal

20. Benzimidazole
● Eg. Mebendazole, Albendazole, Thiabendazole
● Are broad spectrum agents

21. MOA: Polymerization
● Beta- Tubulin Microtubule
Benzimidazole
Glucose uptake by the worm

22. MOA:
●Benzimidazole Bind to free beta tubulin
And inhibit its polymerization and thus interfere with
Microtubulin dependent glucose uptake by the worm.

23. ● The action is selective on the helminth microtubules
– 250 to 400 times more potent in helminth then
mammalian tissue.
● Effect take time to develop --> Worms may not be
expelled for several days.

24. Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
● Only 10% of drug is absorbed after oral
administration.
● Fatty meal – Increases absorption
Metabolism:
● Rapidly metabolised in liver
Excretion:
● Excreted in urine and bile

25. Pharmacokinetics
Dose:
●Given as single daily dose--> for thread worm
●Twice a daily --> for 3 days for hook worm and round
worm infection.

26. Unwanted effect
●Very few
●GIT Disturbance

27. Q&A: Activity III
Q.1 What is the use of Ivermectin?
Q.2 Give mechanism of action of
Benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs?
Q.3 Recommend food to enhance
absorption of Benzimidazole anthelmintic
drugs.

28. Activity IV: Self learning of e-content

29. Albendazole
●Broad spectrum anthelmintics
●After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed and
metabolised to sulfoxide and sulfone.
Responsible for anthelminthic action

30. ● The plasma concentration of metabolites --> is 100
times greater then that of mebendazole.
Unwanted effect:
● GIT disturbance

31. Praziquantel:
● Highly effective broad spectrum anthelmintic drug.
● Drug of choice for all form of schistosomiasis--> used
in large scale schistosome eradication programmes.

32. MOA
●It apparently disturb the calcium homeostasis in the
parasite
Induces the calcium influx
Rapid and prolonged contraction of the musculature
Paralysis and death of worm

33. Pharmacokinetics
● Given orally - the praziquantel is well
absorbed
● Metabolised in the liver
● Metabolites are excreted in the urine
● The plasma half life – 60 to 90 min.

34. Unwanted effects:
● GIT disturbance
● Dizziness
● Aching in muscle
● Joint skin eruption
● And low grade fever
●It is safe for pregnant and lactating women.

35. ● Piperazine:
● Used to treat infection with common round worm
infection and thread worms.

36. MOA:
●It irreversibly inhibit neuromuscular transmission in
the worms (by acting like GABA- the inhibitory
neurotransmitter).
leads to paralysis of worm and the paralysed worm are
expelled alive.

37. Pharmacokinetics
●It is given orally- some but not all is absorb
●It is partly metabolized and remainder is
eliminated unchanged via the kidney.

38. Unwanted effect
● GIT disturbance
● Urticaria
● Bronchospasm- occur occasionally
● Some patient experiences
● dizziness
● paraesthesia's
● vertigo
● And incoordination.

39. Q&A: Activity V
Q.1 Give mechanism of action of
Praziquantel?
Q.3 Recommend food to enhance
absorption of Benzimidazole anthelmintic
drugs.

40. Reference:
• H.P Rang. M M Dale, J.M Ritter, R.J Flower, G
Henderson. Pharmacology, Seventh Edition. Elsevier
Churchill Livengston Publication. Page no:668-672