At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
Discuss about agonist and antagonist.
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1. Receptors
2. Receptor dynamics
3. Drug receptor binding
4. Agonists & Types of Agonists
5. Antagonists
6. Constants related to antagonists
7. Types of antagonists
8. Mechanisms of actions of receptors
9. Thank you
Parasympatholytics are the drugs that block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic nerve endings and cholinergic receptors. They are also referred to as anticholinergics or cholinergic blocking agents or antispasmodics.
Anticholinergic drugs include atropine and related drugs- atropine is the prototype. Atropine is obtained from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine and scopolamine (hyoscine) are the belladonna alkaloids. They compete with acetylcholine for muscarinic receptors and block this receptors-they are muscarinic antagonists.
Appetite Stimulant And Suppressants.pptxGokul546572
# Definition of Appetite
# What causes a decrease in appetite
# Definition of Appetite Stimulants
# Classification of Appetite Stimulants
# Zinc
# Mechanism of action Zinc
# Thiamine
# Dronabinol
# Mechanism of action Dronabinol
# Use & Side effects of Dronabinol
# Oxandrolone
# Mechanism of action of Oxandrolone
# Use & Side effects of Oxandrolone
# Definition of Appetite Suppressants
# Classification of Appetite Suppressants
# Mechanism of action of Centrally Acting Drugs
# Side effects and other effects of Centrally acting drugs
# Definition of Serotonergic agents
# Fenfluramine
# Definition of Adrenergic Serotonergic agents
# Sibutramine
1. Receptors
2. Receptor dynamics
3. Drug receptor binding
4. Agonists & Types of Agonists
5. Antagonists
6. Constants related to antagonists
7. Types of antagonists
8. Mechanisms of actions of receptors
9. Thank you
Parasympatholytics are the drugs that block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic nerve endings and cholinergic receptors. They are also referred to as anticholinergics or cholinergic blocking agents or antispasmodics.
Anticholinergic drugs include atropine and related drugs- atropine is the prototype. Atropine is obtained from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine and scopolamine (hyoscine) are the belladonna alkaloids. They compete with acetylcholine for muscarinic receptors and block this receptors-they are muscarinic antagonists.
Appetite Stimulant And Suppressants.pptxGokul546572
# Definition of Appetite
# What causes a decrease in appetite
# Definition of Appetite Stimulants
# Classification of Appetite Stimulants
# Zinc
# Mechanism of action Zinc
# Thiamine
# Dronabinol
# Mechanism of action Dronabinol
# Use & Side effects of Dronabinol
# Oxandrolone
# Mechanism of action of Oxandrolone
# Use & Side effects of Oxandrolone
# Definition of Appetite Suppressants
# Classification of Appetite Suppressants
# Mechanism of action of Centrally Acting Drugs
# Side effects and other effects of Centrally acting drugs
# Definition of Serotonergic agents
# Fenfluramine
# Definition of Adrenergic Serotonergic agents
# Sibutramine
Introduction to Physiological and pathological role of serotonin
Autocoids, Classification, synthesis ,Serotonergic receptors, Physiological actions, Pathophysiological role
Presented by
K.Firdous banu
Department of Pharmacology
A power point presentation on Pharmacodynamics (what drug does to the body) suitable for undergraduate medical students beginning to study Pharmacology
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Neurohumoral Transmission.
B. Explain role of GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, Serotonin and Dopamine in neurohumoral transmission.
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Introduction to Physiological and pathological role of serotonin
Autocoids, Classification, synthesis ,Serotonergic receptors, Physiological actions, Pathophysiological role
Presented by
K.Firdous banu
Department of Pharmacology
A power point presentation on Pharmacodynamics (what drug does to the body) suitable for undergraduate medical students beginning to study Pharmacology
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Neurohumoral Transmission.
B. Explain role of GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, Serotonin and Dopamine in neurohumoral transmission.
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Drug Antagonism
The effect of one drug blocked (or inhibited) due to another drug is said to be antagonism. In other word, an interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on the body. Drug antagonism may block or reduce effectiveness of one or more of the drugs.
e.g., atropine blocks the action of acetylcholine
Types of antagonism
1. Pharmacological antagonism: Competitive and Non-Competitive
2. Physiological antagonism
3. Chemical antagonism
Competitive Antagonism
If both the agonist and the antagonist compete for the same receptor in a reversible manner, they are said to be “competitive.” The antagonist drug interacts with the receptor and blocks it. Therefore it does not produce pharmacological action. The extent of antagonism depends on number of receptors occupied by the both drugs (agonist and antagonist), their affinity for receptors and their concentration. The increase in concentration of either one of these drugs can displace the other from receptor binding sites. Drugs interact with their receptors by weak bonds i.e. ionic bond or Hydrogen bond or Vander wal force. Hence duration of action of drug is short. Both agonist and antagonist have chemical resemblance (structural similarity).
Receptor types, mechanism, receptor pharmacology, drug receptor interactions, theories of receptor pharmacology, spare receptors and new concepts like biased agonism
Lecture Objectives:
After completion of the lecture, students will be able to:
• Describe Quantitatively describe the relationship between drug, receptor,
and the pharmacologic response.
• Explain why the intensity of the pharmacologic response increases with
drug concentrations and/or dose up to a maximum response.
• Describe relationship of dose to pharmacologic effect
Dose-Response Relationship:
A drug's pharmacological effect is determined by its concentration at the site of action, which is determined by the dose administered. Such a relationship is called 'dose-response relationship’.
PHARMACOKINETIC- ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION (1) [Autosaved].pptxShaikh Abusufyan
At the end of this presentation you will able to
1. Know the processes involved in ADME of drugs
2. Explain how these processes may affect the action of xenobiotics
3. Discuss how these processes can affect the outcome of the treatment of patients with drugs
4. Describe how differences in these processes between patients can affect therapy
5. Explain the use of this processes to improve therapy
Dear all,
May Peace Be Upon You!
I am happy to share lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy
practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology. Wish you all happy learning.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss malarial life cycle.
B. Explain pharmacology of anti-malarial drugs.
I am happy to share lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology. Wish you all happy learning.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
1. Discuss How drug is excreted from blood circulation?
2. Explain different factor affecting excretion.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
1. Discuss type of helminths or worm infections.
2. Explain pharmacology of Anthelminthic Drugs.
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At the end of this e-learning session students will learn:
1. Definition of biotransformation/ Metabolism and different factor affecting metabolism
2. Discuss Phase I/ Non synthetic/functionalization reaction and Phase II/ Synthetic/ Conjugation reaction
3. Explain drug induction and drug inhibition
Reference:
Reference: • K D Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Seventh Edition. Jaypee
Publication. Page no:23-29.
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Explain factor affecting drug distribution.
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Absorption, Bioavailability and Bioequivalance.pdfShaikh Abusufyan
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Explain factor affecting drug absorption, bioavailability and bioequivalence.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
Discuss type of fungal infection and classify Anti-fungal drugs.
Explain pharmacology of anti-fungal drugs.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Mechanism of action of Macrolide
B. Give classification and Explain pharmacology of Macrolide.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Mechanism of action of chloramphenicol
B. Give classification and Explain pharmacology of chloramphenicol.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss history and Mechanism of action of Cephalosporin
B. Give classification and Explain pharmacology of Cephalosporin.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to… A. Explain different routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages.
To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
I am happy to share lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology. Wish you all happy learning.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Explain history of pharmacology and following fundamental definitions of:
Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, drug, Pharmacotherapeutics, clinical pharmacology, chemotherapy, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics.
B. Discuss different aspects of drug nomenclature.
C. Explain essential medicine and Orphan drugs.
To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
I am happy to share lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology.
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Nasal decongestants and Respiratory Stimulants.pdfShaikh Abusufyan
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss definition and therapeutic uses, limitation, classification and pharmacology of nasal decongestant.
B. Explain definition and uses, limitation, classification and pharmacology of respiratory stimulants.
I am happy to share lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology. Wish you all happy learning.
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At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss history and Mechanism of action of Penicillin
B. Give classification and Explain pharmacology of Penicillin.
I am happy to share video lecture series on different topics of Pharmacology experiments, Pharmacy practice, Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacology. Wish you all happy learning.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
For 2+ video lecture series on Pharmacoeconomics refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY8U1TnlcHttsRB8hwpoJRL
For 5+ video lecture series on Pharmacoepidemiology refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbqIaLoMmuF0Bf66SMFZtnb
For 5+ video lecture series on Drug discovery refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Bbn9IE6c4MagVHZMNNinJov
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To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
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For all III YouTube Live Video lecture series of this topic click:
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Following topics are covered in this slide deck:
Role and use of Pharmacoeconomics and health outcomes research | Impact of price regulation in India | Factors affecting drug pricing | Need, challenges and components of pharmacoeconomics | Aims, Objectives and principle of Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation | Different types of cost measurement | The Methods of Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation | Cost Analysis (CUA)
This presentation give detail overview of pharmacoepidemiology, epidemiological study design, case report, case series, analysis of secular trends, case control studies, cohort studies, statistical interpretation, randomised clinical trials, field trials, community trials, drug utilisation studies.
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For all five YouTube Live video lecture series of this topic click:
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Drugs used in special populations | Geriatric | Pediatric patients | Pregnant...Shaikh Abusufyan
For all five YouTube Live video lecture series of this topic click:
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
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Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
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The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
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is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
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the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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1. Receptor Drug Intearction
(Agonist and Antagonist)
Prof. Shaikh Abusufiyan
Assistant Professor,
AIKTC-School of Pharmacy,
New Panvel-410206
Pharma Learning Forever
2. At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss interaction of agonist
and antagonist with receptors
3. Receptor:
l It is defined as a macromolecule or binding
site located on the surface or inside the
effector cell
serves to recognize the signal
molecule/drug and initiate the response to it
but itself has no other function.
4. The following terms are used in describing
drug-receptor interaction:
Agonist:
l An agent which activates R to produce an
effect similar to that of the physiological
signal molecule.
lnverse agonist:
l An agent which activates a receptor to
produce an effect in the opposite direction
to that of the agonist.
5. Antagonist:
l An agent which prevents the action of an
agonist on a R or the subsequent
response, but does not have any effect of
its own.
Partial agonist:
l An agent which activates a R to produce
submaximal effect but antagonizes the
action of a full agonist.
6. Ligand (Latin: ligare- to bind):
l Any molecule which attaches selectively to
particular R or sites.
l The term only indicates affinity or binding
l Agonists and competitive antagonists are
both ligands of the same R.
7. Agonists
l Have both affinity and maximal intrinsic
activity (IA = 1) e.g. adrenaline, histamine,
morphine.
Competitive antagonists
l Have affinity but no intrinsic activity (IA =
0), e.g. atropine, chlorpheniramine,
naloxone.
8. l Partial agonists have affinity and
submaximal intrinsic activity (IA between 0
and 1) e.g. dichloroisoproterenol (on Beta
adrenergic R).
l lnverse agonists have affinity but intrinsic
activity with a minus sign (IA between 0
and - 1) e.g. on benzodiazepine R.
9. l It has also been demonstrated that many
full agonists can produce maximal
response even while occupying <7 % of
the available R.
10. Q&A
Q.1 What is differnce between agonist and antagonist?
Q.2 If, IA = 0. Is it agonist or antagonists?
Q.3 An agent which activates a receptor to produce
submaximal effect is called as _______________.
11. The two-state Receptor model OR Theory
l The Receptor is believed to exist in two
interchangeable states: Ra (active) and Rl
(inactive).
l In the case of majority of Receptor, the Rl
state is favoured at equilibrium
l No or very weak signal is generated in the
absence of the agonist:- the R exhibits no
constitutive activation.
12.
13. l If an agonist has only slightly greater
affinity for Ra than for Ri
the equilibrium is only modestly shifted
towards Ra
Submaximal response is produced and the
drug is called a partial agonist (C).
14. l The inverse agonist (D) has high affinity for
the Ri state
opposite response
15.
16. l The competitive antagonist (B) binds to
Ra and Rl with equal affinity - the
equilibrium is not altered
no response is generated
17. ANTAGONISM
l When one drug decreases or abolishes the
action of another they are said to be
antagonistic
l Usually in an antagonistic pair one drug is
inactive as such but decreases the effect
of the other.
19. A. Competitive antagonism (equilibrium
type)
l The antagonist is chemically similar to the
agonist
l Competes with it and binds to the same site
20. l Because the antagonist has affinity but no
intrinsic activity
No response is produced and the log DRC of the
agonistis shifted to the right.
l Since antagonist binding is reversible and
depends on the relative concentration
Higher concentration of the agonist progressively
overcomes the blocking effect of antagonist.
21.
22. Non-competitive antagonism:
l The antagonist is chemically unrelated to
the agonist
l Binds to a different allosteric site altering
the R in such a way that it is
-unable to combine with the agonist.
-or unable to transduce the response
23. l Because the agonist and the antagonist are
combining with different sites
High agonist concentration is unable to
reverse the block completely.
l Increasing concentrations of the antagonist
progressively flatten the agonist DRC.
26. Features of competitive and noncompetitive
antagonism are compared below:
q Competative (Equilibrium type)
q Antagonist Bind with the same
receptor as agonist
q Antagonist chemically resemble
with the agonist
q Parallel rightward shift of agonist
DRC
q Maximum response can be
attained by increasing dose of
agonist
q Intensity of action is depends on
the concentration of both agonist
and antagonist
q Eg. Acetylcholine and atropine
q Non-competative
q Bind to another site of the
receptors
q Does not resemble
q Flattening of agonist DRC
q Maximum response is suppressed
q Maximum response is only depend
on the concentration of
antagonist
q Eg. Diazepam and Bicucullin
27. Q&A
Q.1 True or false. Higher concentration of the agonist
progressively overcomes the blocking effect of non-cometative
antagonist.
Q.2 Which type of antagonist resemble agonist?
Q.3 Identify type of antagonism where Maximum response is
only depend on the concentration of antagonist
28. Reference:
K D Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Seventh Edition. Jaypee
Publication. Page no:11-15.
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