3. INTRODUCTION
DNA – The genetic
characteristics inherited
from both parents
(mother & father).
Mitochondria –
Organelles responsible
for creating energy
needed for cell
functioning. 3
About one in every 200 babies develop mitochondrial
disease.
It is inherited from the mother.
Mitochondrial DNA is found within the mitochondria, and is
necessary for normal mitochondria function; and is defective in
children with mitochondrial disease.
An In-Vitro-Fertilization (IVF) technique was created to help
mothers passing on defective mitochondrial DNA to their
offspring.
IVF – is the joining of a
woman’s egg and a man’s
sperm in a lab dish.
Offspring from this technique are
commonly called three parent babies.
4. Aim
Reducing heredity of defective mitochondrial
DNA.
4
OBJECTIVE
Using IVF technique; maternal spindle transfer
and pronuclear transfer to reduce heredity of
mitochondrial disease.
5. INTRO. CONTD
Three parent babies are human
offspring with three genetic parents
(Two mothers and a father).
5
3 parent babies
Maternal spindle
transfer
Pronuclear
transfer
6. HOW IS IT DONE
6
Figure 1; procedure for of Maternal
spindle transfer.
Figure 2; procedure for
Pronuclear transfer.
7. WHY IS IT NEEDED
Mitochondrial replacement technique would
eliminate maternal transmission of
mitochondrial disease.
Defective mitochondrial DNA can lead to
brain damage, muscle wasting, heart failure
and blindness; which sometimes lead to
early death.
7
8. CONCLUSION
The risk of children inheriting fatal mitochondrial
disease is reduced.
The embryo from the maternal spindle transfer
and pronuclear transfer has no abnormalities and
also has no difference with the natural embryo.
8
Embryos created through maternal
spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer
are no more likely to suffer from genetic
anomalies, birth defects, miscarriages.
