3. What is Cloning?
In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals
that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning
in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular
cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of
a product such as digital media or software.
How are animals cloned?
The cloning process usually involves removing genetic information, known as DNA, from a cell taken
from one animal and placing this into an unfertilised egg that has had its own DNA removed. This egg
is then artificially stimulated to start developing into an embryoand placed into a surrogate mother.
Why are animals cloned?
Cloning techniques are used to try and produce exact ‘copies’ of a particular animal. The use of
cloning technology is often justified by statements that the research could lead to cheaper methods of
producing medical treatments and food products.
Cloning techniques have also been, or are being used, to create ‘copies’ of:
pet dogs and cats
particular farm animals (e.g. prizewinning bulls)
successful sport horses (e.g. used in show jumping)
bulls used in bullfighting
Endangered or even extinct species (e.g. woolly mammoths).
What we think?
Cloning is a serious concern. The process involves scientific procedures that can cause pain, suffering
and distress. We believe that animals are often being cloned with little consideration for ethics or
animal welfare.
