The document discusses referencing and citation styles. It provides definitions of citations and explains their purposes, which include avoiding plagiarism and allowing readers to verify sources. The document outlines several common referencing styles like APA, MLA, Chicago and their origins. It also compares the key differences between APA and MLA formats for formatting papers, in-text citations, references, and citing various sources like books, websites, social media posts etc. Finally, it discusses patterns of in-text citations using ibid and loc. cit. and how to add and customize footnotes.
The document discusses referencing and citation styles. It provides definitions of citations and explains their purposes, which include avoiding plagiarism and allowing readers to verify sources. The document outlines several common referencing styles like APA, MLA, Chicago and their origins. It also compares the key differences between APA and MLA formats for formatting papers, in-text citations, references, and citing various sources like books, websites, social media posts etc. Finally, it discusses patterns of in-text citations using ibid and loc. cit. and how to add and customize footnotes.
The document describes Robert Glaser's basic model of teaching which includes five components: instructional objectives, entering behavior, instructional procedures, performance assessment, and feedback loops. The model shows how performance assessment feeds back to each component to improve the teaching process. The components are then defined in more detail, with entering behavior describing students' prior knowledge and skills, instructional procedures outlining the teaching methods used, and performance assessment evaluating how well students achieved the objectives.
- Introduction skills are used to connect students' prior knowledge to new knowledge being taught through questions, statements, and teaching aids.
- A micro-teaching lesson plan format is provided that includes objectives, components, pupil-teacher statements, student responses, and evaluation.
- The purpose of introduction skills is to motivate students and build their interest and attention in the lesson through properly extending terminology and chaining ideas.
- This document discusses internal and external evaluations of projects and programs.
- Internal evaluations are carried out by project team members, while external evaluations are done by those outside the project team.
- Both types of evaluations have advantages and disadvantages - internal evaluations have better implementation understanding but less impartiality, while external evaluations have greater impartiality but less understanding of implementation issues.
Social sciences and discipline सामाजिक विज्ञान और अनुशासनabhisrivastava11
This document discusses the scope and importance of social sciences. It defines social sciences as the academic disciplines dealing with the study of social life and interactions of groups and individuals. It notes that studying social sciences provides information to help create better societies by understanding how societies work, why they exist, and how they have functioned historically. The document outlines many areas of focus within the core social sciences disciplines of education, politics, economics, law, sociology, psychology, journalism, management, and linguistics that are important to research.
The document describes Robert Glaser's basic model of teaching which includes five components: instructional objectives, entering behavior, instructional procedures, performance assessment, and feedback loops. The model shows how performance assessment feeds back to each component to improve the teaching process. The components are then defined in more detail, with entering behavior describing students' prior knowledge and skills, instructional procedures outlining the teaching methods used, and performance assessment evaluating how well students achieved the objectives.
- Introduction skills are used to connect students' prior knowledge to new knowledge being taught through questions, statements, and teaching aids.
- A micro-teaching lesson plan format is provided that includes objectives, components, pupil-teacher statements, student responses, and evaluation.
- The purpose of introduction skills is to motivate students and build their interest and attention in the lesson through properly extending terminology and chaining ideas.
- This document discusses internal and external evaluations of projects and programs.
- Internal evaluations are carried out by project team members, while external evaluations are done by those outside the project team.
- Both types of evaluations have advantages and disadvantages - internal evaluations have better implementation understanding but less impartiality, while external evaluations have greater impartiality but less understanding of implementation issues.
Social sciences and discipline सामाजिक विज्ञान और अनुशासनabhisrivastava11
This document discusses the scope and importance of social sciences. It defines social sciences as the academic disciplines dealing with the study of social life and interactions of groups and individuals. It notes that studying social sciences provides information to help create better societies by understanding how societies work, why they exist, and how they have functioned historically. The document outlines many areas of focus within the core social sciences disciplines of education, politics, economics, law, sociology, psychology, journalism, management, and linguistics that are important to research.
4. Communication is about sending and receiving
information or the transmission of information and
meaning from one party to another.
संचार एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति को सूचना और अर्थ भेजने और प्राप्त करने या
प्रसाररत करने के बारे में है।
Definition
7. • Information:
• Individuals and work groups
need information to make
decisions or to do their work.
• व्यक्तियों और कायय समूहों को निर्यय लेिे
या अपिा काम करिे के ललए जािकारी की
आवश्यकिा होिी है।
Functions of Communication
8. • Emotional Expression:भावनात्मक
अभभव्यभि:
• Social interaction in the form of
work group communications
provides a way for employees to
express themselves.
• कायथ समूह संचार के रूप में सामाक्तजक संपकथ कमथचाररयों
को खुद को व्यि करने का एक तरीका प्रदान करता है।
9. • Motivation:
Communications clarify for employees
what is to done, how well they have done
it, and what can be done to improve
performance in behaviors in
organizations
संचार कमथचाररयों के क्तिए स्पष्ट करता है क्तक क्या क्तकया जाना है,
उन्होंने इसे क्तकतना अच्छा क्तकया है, और संगठनों में व्यवहार में
प्रदर्थन को बेहतर बनाने के क्तिए क्या क्तकया जा सकता है
Functions of Communication
10. • क्तनयंत्रण:Control:
व्यक्तियों को क्तनयंक्तत्रत करने के क्तिए औपचाररक और
अनौपचाररक संचार अक्तिक्तनयम
Formal and informal communications act
to control individuals
12. • Communicator
A person with ideas, intentions, information, and a
purpose for communicating
क्तवचारों, इरादों, सूचनाओं और संवाद के क्तिए एक उद्देश्य वािा व्यक्ति
• Massage
An idea or experience that a sender wants to
communicate
एक क्तवचार या अनुभव जो एक प्रेषक संवाद करना चाहता है
13. • Encoding
Converting a message into groups of symbols that
represent ideas or concepts
क्तवचारों या अविारणाओं का प्रक्ततक्तनक्तित्व करने वािे प्रतीकों के समूहों में एक संदेर्
देना
• Medium of transmission
संदेर् का वाहक
The carrier of the message
14. • Decoding-Receiver:
Technical term for the receiver’s thought processes
• Feedback
The receiver’s response to the senders massage
• Noise
Factors that distort the intended message
• क्तिकोक्तिंग-ररसीवर:
ररसीवर की क्तवचार प्रक्तियाओं के क्तिए तकनीकी र्ब्द
• प्रक्ततपुक्तष्ट
प्रेषकों की माक्तिर् के क्तिए ररसीवर की प्रक्ततक्तिया
• र्ोर
कारक जो इक्तच्छत संदेर् को क्तवकृत करते हैं