2. • Types of clay :
• Clay is a natural rock or soil material consisting of organic
matter and metal oxides.
• Types :
• Stoneware clay : contain feldspar , calcium , iron which
lower amount impart color to clay, fie in middle range of
tempratue.
• Earthenware clay : has high percentage of iron oxide,
porous when fired.
• Porcelain :Also known as China clay. High firing clay white
in color.
• Characteristics: Plasticity is there due to which
shrinkage and expansion takes place.
• Also has malleability and porosity.
3. • Types of claybody:
• When saw dust , ash , husk , horse dung etc are
added to clay to increase its plasticity or porosity
it becomes claybody.
• Types :
• Earthenware :White or red body designed to fire
at low temprature.
• Stoneware : Tan grey or yellow , brown , red in
color.More plastic than porcelain.
• Porcelain : Hard , non absorbent claybody which
is white and translucent.Smooth texture.
4. • Glaze :
• Coating of vitreous substance which has been
applied to claybody through firing.
• Alumina , silica , flux , water , glass is there.
• Purpose : It render earthenware vessels suitable
for holding liquids , it provides hardness , sealing
porosity of terracotta , .
• It is done on cups and saucer , expensive dinner
sets , sanitary wares etc.Also used on stoneware
and porcelain.
• Types of glaze :
• Glossy , matt , crackle , opaque , transparent .
5. • Types of firing :
• There are two types of firing :
• Open kiln
• Tunnel kiln
• OPEN KILN : The kiln is burnt in open . Products are
kept in open on ash surrounding it cow dung cakes ,
husk , hollow pots are kept etc . The kiln has low
temprature .It runs 5 hrs .After firing the color of
product turns red.
• TUNNEL KILN : Bricks are fired in tunnel kiln . The
chambers are made . Then bricks are placed in it . It
runs 24 hrs . The bricks which are fired are covered by
plastic . They use fevicol to transfer heat.They also pour
coal from top .
6. • Stages before biscuiting :
• Greenware : Clay is substantial to be moulded in any
shape but wet enough to not form cracks .
• Clay has more plasticity.
• Leatherhard :
• After the product being made it starts drying and attain
stage of leather hard.
• After drying of the plastic clay becomes leatherhard
due to leather like texture . Finishing of piece is done.
• Bone dry : The product turns out hard like bone ,
surface becomes chalky and color becomes light .
• Firing : Lastly , in order to set ceramic product it is
passed through biscuit firing which is done at low
temprature.
7. • Tiles :
• Characteristics : weather resistant , light
weight , easy to install , cheap , colors are
available , various sizes are available .
• Uses : Interior , Exterior , wall cladding ,
flooring , etc
• Types : Porcelain tile , Quarry tile , Mosaic tile
, Stone tile ,Ceramic tile , Linoleum tile , Metal
tile , vinyl tile , Wood tile .
8. • Submitted by :
MEWADA ABHISHEK (1432)
Submitted to :
KRUNAL ZAVERI
JAGRUTIE DABHI
