ceramics as a building construction material

1. Deeptashree Saha
INTERIOR DESIGN (EDEXCEL)
4th SEMESTER
CERAMICS

2. WHAT IS CERAMICS?
A ceramic is an inorganic, non-metallic solid prepared by the
action of heat and subsequent cooling.
Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline
structure, or may be amorphous (e.g., a glass).
Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products
and a wide range of ceramic art.

3. CERAMIC IN ANCIENT PERIOD
The earliest ceramics made by
humans were pottery objects,
made from clay, either by itself or
mixed with other materials,
hardened in fire. Later ceramics
were glazed and fired to create a
coloured, smooth surface.

4. This category of materials includes Materials like
CERAMIC PRODUCTS
TILES
BRICKS
PLATES
TOILETS
ORNAMENTATION

5. PROPERTIES
They are hard and brittle
Strong in compression
Weak in shearing and tension
Withstands chemical erosion due to acidic or
caustic environments
Withstands high temperatures

6. CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS
It is broadly classified into 3 categories:
Clay products
Refractories
Glass

7. CERAMICS :
CLAY PRODUCTS

8. CLAY PRODUCTS
Obtained from weathering of igneous rocks ortho close felspar
This mineral on decomposition gives Kaolin which is free from
Iron Oxide and alkalies
The term Kaolin is used to indicate the product having pure
composition of Kaolanite
In Kaolin, the Allumina and Silica compounds are held in a
colloidal state which form the basic constituents of clay
In addition various other materials such as silicates of calcium,
magnesium and chromium also occurs in clay in small proportion
The clay when made wet with water possess high degree of
plasticity and tenacity and thus it can be molded in desired
shape
It is then dried and burnt
Drying helps in evaporation of free water
Burning help in evaporation of combined water

9. MANUFACTURING OF COMMON TILES

10. MANUFACTURING OF COMMON TILES
Preparation of clay
Molding
Drying
Burning
•The clay is made free from impurities
•Then converted into fine powder in pug mills
•The mixture is mixed with water and allowed
to stand quietly in tank
•The fine particles on top are taken into
another tank and allowed to dry off
•This fine particle is used to make the
common tiles
•To make the tiles hard and non-porous :
mixture of ground glass and pottery may be
added
•The clay is placed in the moulds
•Molding may be done with wooden moulds,
mechanical means or potter’s wheel
•The clay is pressed into such moulds
•Then taken out and allowed dry off
•The tiles are placed flat one above the other
•After 2 days wapping is corrected by flat
wooden mallet
•The tiles are then lifted as they have now
became hand hard
•The edges and under surface are cleaned and
then stacked under the shed for 2 days
•The tiles are then burnt in kilns
•The typical kiln, Siakote accomodates 30,000
– 40,000 tiles
•The heat in the kiln is raised to about 800⁰C -
1300⁰C
•After a series of procedures allowed to cool
down
•The procedure requires 72 hours and then
removed from the kiln

11. The thin coat of clay
to prevent the tile for
wapping
ENCAUSTIC TILES
It have three layers:
Body Face Back
Made of courser clay
Comprises of 6mm
coat of fine clays and
the colouring matter
for making the
ground and the
pattern

12. CERAMICS :
TERRACOTTA
Means baked earth
“terra” = earth
“cotta” = baked
Porous pottery made from local clay
Soft enough to scatter by knife

13. MANUFACTURING TERRACOTTA
PRODUCTS
Molding
Drying
Preparation
Burning

14. CLASSIFICATION OF TERRACOTTA
POROUS
POLISHED

15. CERAMICS :
STONEWARE

16. CLAY PRODUCTS
The term is used to indicate articles made from refractory clay
The clay is mixed with stone and crushed pottery
These are burnt at high temperature and cooled down slowly
It gives clear ringing sound when struck with each other

17. CERAMICS :
EARTHEN WARE

18. EARTHEN WARE
The term is used to indicate articles made clay
These are burnt at low temperature and cooled down slowly
These are burnt at high temperature and cooled down slowly
It gives clear ringing sound when struck with each other the clay
is mixed with sand, crushed pottery, etc,

19. EARTHEN WARE : USES
PIPES
PARTITION
BLOCKS
ELECTRIC CABLE
CONDUCTS

20. CERAMICS :
PORCELAIN

21. PORCELAIN
The term is used to indicates to fine earthenware
It is white, thin and semi-transparent
It is also called white ware due to its colour
Contains high degree of tenacity and plasticity
Prepared from clay, felspar, quartz and minerals
Mixed at liquid state and burnt at high temperature after drying

22. Types of porcelain
High voltage
Low voltage

23. PORCELAIN: USES
SANITARY WARE
INSULATOR
STORAGE JARS
CRUCIBLES