2. Outline:
Definition
Purpose of each type of assessment
A comparison between the two types
Examples
Advantages and disadvantages of each types
Conclusion
3. “When the cook tastes the soup,
that’s formative assessment;
when the customer tastes the
soup, that’s summative
assessment.”
Paul Black
5. Formative
Assessment
A set of formal and informal assessment tool
undertaken by the teachers at the time of the
learning process is known as Formative
Assessment. It is a part of the instructional
process, which is undertaken by the teachers, on
going evaluation, with an objective of enhancing
the student’s understanding and competency, by
modifying teaching and learning methods.
Formative Assessment attempts to provide direct
and detailed feedback to both teachers and
students, regarding the performance and learning
of the student. It is a continuous process, that
observes student’s needs and progress, to help
the teacher determine the next steps during the
learning process.
6. Summative
Assessment
Summative Assessment refers to the evaluation of
students; that focuses on the result. It is a part of
the grading process which is given periodically to
the learners, usually at the conclusion of the
course, term or unit.The purpose is to check the
knowledge of the students, and to what extent
they have learned the material, taught to them.
Summative Assessment, seeks to evaluate the
effectiveness of the course or program, checks the
learning progress, etc. Scores, grades or
percentage obtained to act as an indicator that
shows the quality of the curriculum and forms a
basis for rankings in schools.
7. Monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback to
staff and students.
It helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses,
can enable students to improve their self-regulatory skills so
that they manage their education in a less haphazard
fashion than is commonly found.
It also provides information to the faculty about the areas
students are struggling with so that sufficient support can
be put in place.
Helps teachers identify the current state of learners
knowledge and skills, make changes in instructions so that
students meet with success, create appropriate lessons,
activities, and groupings, and inform students about their
progress to help them set goals.
Purposes of
The
Formative
Assessment:
8. To evaluate student learning at the end of an
instructional unit by comparing it against some
standard or benchmark.
It is a tool to evaluate the curriculum and training
process.
To determine the extent to which the instructional
objectives have been met.
The more we have information about the students, the
clearer the picture we have about achievement or
where gaps may occur.
To certify student mastery of the intended learning
outcomes as well as use it for assigning grades.
Summative assessments often have high stakes and
are treated by the students as the priority over
formative assessments.
Purposes of
The
Summative
Assessment:
9. A
comparison
between
the two
types:
BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Meaning Formative Assessment refers to a
variety of assessment procedures
that provides the required
information, to adjust teaching,
during the learning process.
Summative Assessment is
defined as a standard for
evaluating learning of students.
Nature Diagnostic Evaluative
What is it? It is an assessment for learning. It is an assessment of learning.
Frequency Several times during an instructional
unit
End of the term/Year/Semester..
Aims at Enhancing learning /improving
learning
Measuring student's
competency.
Goal Monitor student learning. Evaluate student learning.
Weight of
grades
Low stakes
Not graded/Feedback
High stakes
Graded/ scores-results
10. Examples:
Formative assessment Summative assessment
Examples:
▪ Observations
▪ Concept map
▪ Research proposal (for feedback)
▪ Quizzes
▪ Home work
▪ Worksheets
▪ Performance tasks
▪ Essays
▪ Questioning strategies
▪ Projects
▪ Graphic organizers
▪ Self-assessments/ peer assessment
▪ Collaborative activities
▪ Portfolios (collection of student work)
Examples:
▪ Final performance tasks
▪ Final papers/written outputs
▪ Final oral presentations
▪ Standardized tests
▪ End of unit tests or projects
▪ Recitals
▪ Long exams
▪ Periodical tests
▪ Final exams
11. Advantages
and
disadvantages:
Advantages Disadvantages
Not always the most accurate
reflection of learning.
They do nothing to identify and
remedy instructional problems
before they become critical.
Having one big test makes
everyone anxious, and is
disruptive to school life in a way.
Summative assessment
Used to determine whether and to
what degree students have been
taught.
Generally evaluative, rather than
diagnostic. It is more appropriately
used to determine learning
progress and achievement.
Evaluates the effectiveness of
educational programs.
Make course-placement decisions,
among other possible applications.
12. Advantages
and
disadvantages:
Advantages Disadvantages
Time consuming (Discussions and
activities)
Difficult to do it with groups of
learners in deferent stages of
development.
It is hard sometimes to motivate
learner’s performance on low stake
assignments.
Intensive dedication required to
continue ongoing assessment.
May not be practical for large
enrollment classes.
Time consuming also for the
instructor to provide effective
feedback to each and every learner
depending on his/her own personal
learning progress.
Formative assessment
Not graded
Students are motivated to be
more adventurous, more creative
Quickly highlights real problems.
Helps determine the next steps
during the learning process
Helps students monitor their own
progress
Monitors/tracks the students’
progress throughout the entire
teaching-learning process
Helps teachers identify students’
needs, problem-areas and
learning gaps, and tackle/resolve
them immediately
13. Conclusion:
Formative and summative assessments refer
not to METHODS, but rather
to INTERPRETATIONS of the assessment data.
A single assessment can be considered as
either formative or summative depending on
how the assessment data is collected and
interpreted to serve its intended purpose.
14. References:
Formative vs Summative | Learning and teaching | University of
Greenwich
Formative vs Summative Assessment - Eberly Center - Carnegie
Mellon University (cmu.edu)
S-and-FAssessment « Jose suzuki santos (wordpress.com)
10 Crucial Difference between Formative and Summative
Assessment - Core Differences
https://www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2017/04/the-differences-
between-formative-and-summative-assessment-infographic
https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/formative-vs.-summative-
assessments-what-do-they-mean
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/formative-
summative.html
Formative vs. Summative: Is One More Important? | SolutionTree
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