Cold War At Home

1. COLD WAR AMERICA
Lecture #6

2. Cold War at Home Loyalty Review Board- created
to investigate gov’t employees
to see if they were loyal to the
US.
HUAC- investigated
Hollywood films for
communist propaganda
 Hollywood 10- did not cooperate
with the investigation and so
were sent to jail
 Blacklist- Hollywood created list
that if on, would destroy a career

3. Spy Cases Alger Hiss-
 accused of being Soviet spy
 Pursued by Richard Nixon
 Claims innocence but is sent to jail
for perjury
The Rosenbergs-
 Accused of givingA-bomb
information to Soviets
 Ethel and Julius Rosenberg claim
innocence and plead the 5th
 Found guilty and sentenced to
death

4. The Venona Project  American and British
cryptographers cracked the
Soviet spy code
 Enabled the US to read over 3,000
secret messages
 Not released until 1995 and proved the
Rosenbergs were guilty

5. McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy
launches a ‘witch’ hunt for
Communists
McCarranAct- unlawful to plan
any action that could create a
totalitarian dictatorship
Idea of accusing people without
evidence
 Led to his accusations against US
Army that alienated the public and
led to his downfall

6. On the Edge The Arms Race- who has the
bigger, badder weapon

7. Race for the H-
bomb
Hydrogen bomb- thermonuclear
weapon with 67x the power of
the A-Bomb
US first to create in 1952
USSR in 1953

9. Eisenhower steps
in
 People were uncertain of
Truman’s success with
containment
 led him to make a decision not to run
again
 Democrats chose Adlai
Stevenson to run against the
Republican candidate Dwight D.
Eisenhower (a national hero)
 Eisenhower wins in a landslide

10. Massive Retaliation  Eisenhower decides that a
smaller army with a threat of
nuclear weapons was the best
way to deter military action
This changes the face of the ColdWar
 Develops the NuclearTriad
Long-range bombers, land-based
missiles, missile-carrying submarines
B-52 bomber
ICBMs-Atlas missile
Polaris submarine

11. Brinkmanship Policy created under
Eisenhower’s presidency by Sec.
of State John Foster Dulles
 Threat of H-bomb war against US
aggressors
Fear of nuclear war will last next
30 years
 Used againstChina inTaiwan

12. Suez War 1955 Egypt wanted to build a dam on
the Nile so it played the US and
USSR to increase loans
 US finds out and withdraws
loans
In response Egypt seizes Suez
Canal and nationalizes it
GB, France, and Israel invade and
retake canal
UN steps in and makes peace but
leaves the canal in the hands of
Egypt.

13. Cold War around
the Globe
Creation of the CIA
Ops in ME and LA:
 Iran and the Shah
 Guatemala and land
Warsaw Pact- Soviet version of
NATO (created in reaction to
West Germany joining NATO)
Geneva Summit- tried to create
an ‘open skies’ policy

14. Hungarian Uprising
1956: Hungary calls for a
democratic government
Soviet response swift: tanks roll
in and kill 300,000 Hungarians
US and UN do nothing to help
despite theTruman Doctrine and
numerous resolutions in the UN

15. Eisenhower
Doctrine
US would defend the Middle East
against an attack by a communist
country

16. Nikita Khrushchev Succeeded Stalin as leader but
differed in his opinion of how
Communism would take over the
world
He believed in peaceful
coexistence

17. The Space Race Oct. 4, 1957: Soviets launch
Sputnik
US responds by pouring money
into a space program
Create NASA

18. U-2 is Shot Down Since 1955 the US had sent high-
altitude U-2 planes to take
infrared photos
Eisenhower wants to stop flights
in order to have a summit with
Khrushchev
 One last flight occurs and Francis
Gary Powers is shot down
 US denies at first but eventually
admits to flights
 Khrushchev cancels summit and
demands apology
Eisenhower refuses leading to
renewed tensions into the 60s