cold war notes 2

1. SPREAD OF THE COLD
WAR

2. atomic bomb
•The world would now live with the threat of
nuclear war.
•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S.
who could build the most nuclear weapons.
•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a
“deterrent”
•Peace through strength……
•“nuclear diplomacy”

3. The Arms Race:
A “Missile Gap?”
} The Soviet Union
exploded its first
A-bomb in 1949.
} Now there were
two nuclear
superpowers!

5. Brinkmanship
⦿ Belief that only going to the brink of war
would protect the U.S. from going to war
with the Soviet Union.
⦿ U.S. would threaten mass retaliation
with Soviet Union in order to try to get
them to back off.

6. Suez Crisis
⦿ Egypt’s president Gamal Abdel Nasser
tried to construct a dam on the Nile River.
⦿ U.S. and Britain offered to pay for project
but Nasser began communicating with
Soviet Union and Recognized the People’s
Republic of China.
⦿ Eisenhower administration withdrew its
offer.

7. Suez Crisis
⦿ In Response, Nasser Nationalized the
Suez Canal making it under government
control.
⦿ Before it was managed by the British
and French and protected with British
armed forces.
⦿ This threatened the flow of Middle
Eastern oil to Europe.

8. Suez Crisis
⦿ Britain and France teamed up with Israel
to try to get the land back without
consulting the U.S.
⦿ President Eisenhower did not like this
and refused to support them.
⦿ As a result of lack of U.S. support,
Britain, France, and Israel were forced
to withdraw its troops.

9. Eisenhower Doctrine
⦿ Stated that the U.S.
would use force to
help any Middle
Eastern nation
threatened by
communism.

10. CIA
⦿ Central Intelligence Agency- 1947
⦿ Intelligence gathering organization.
⦿ 1953 helped install a new government in
Iran and in 1954 same thing in
Guatemala
⦿ Both helped to place anticommunist
leaders in power and also created long
term resentment toward U.S.

11. The Race for Space

12. Effects on the
United States
•Americans fear a Soviet attack
with missile technology
•Americans resolved to regain technological
superiority over the Soviet Union
•In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA
or National Space and Aeronautics Agency
•1958 --> National Defense Education Act
1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I

13. Atomic Anxieties:
•“Duck-and-Cover Generation”
Atomic Testing:
•Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the
United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests,
most of them at the Nevada Test Site.
Americans began building
underground bomb shelters
and cities had underground
fallout shelters.
Effects of Sputnik on United States

14. Cold War Technology
⦿ 1948- Microwave
⦿ 1946- Computer
⦿ 1948- Hang Glider
⦿ 1958- Nuclear
Energy Plant
⦿ 1960-
Communications
Satellite
⦿ 1970s- Smoke
Detector
⦿ 1980s- Global
Positioning System