Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Grade Level: 12 - Senior High School

1. Historical
Background of
Philippine
Democratic
Politics
Ms. Welgie Buela

2. Identify the origin of the
Philippine democratic politics.
01.
Label each period in Philippine
history that made a significant
change in the Philippine
democratic politics.
02.
Evaluate the contribution of
each leader in the
Philippine democratic
society.
03.
Learning Objectives

3. The evolution of Philippine
politics may be presented
through the various
historical periods that the
country has undergone.

4. PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
01

5. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
● Before the Spaniards arrived in the
Philippines in 1521, there already
existed a system of governance in
pre-colonial Philippines.
● The Philippines was an archipelago
organized into several independent and
self- sufficient political units known as
the Barangay.

6. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
● The stratification was based on class,
which include:
○ Nobility (Maharlika)
○ Freeman (Timawa)
○ The Serf (Aliping Namamahay)
○ The Slaves (Aliping Sagigilid)

7. SPANISH
PERIOD
02

8. SPANISH PERIOD
● Ferdinand Magellan’s arrival in the
Philippines in 1521 became the
Spanish crown’s basis for the
occupation of the archipelago.
● A number of expeditions were sent to
formally colonize the archipelago.
● During Miguel de Lopez conquest of
the islands in 1565 the formal
establishment of a colonial
government take place.

9. ● The precolonial government was
characterized by independent
barangay, the Spaniards consolidated
power under a centralized government
which was led by the
Governor-General.
● The governor- general was likewise an
all powerful individual.
SPANISH PERIOD

10. ● The Spaniards appointed the
chieftains as the Cabeza de
Barangay.
● The unified barangays composed
the pueblos or town which were
led by the Gobernadorcillo (Little
Governor).
SPANISH PERIOD

11. ● The consolidated towns then form into
provinces which could be categorized
into two:
○ Alcaldia - provinces fully
subjugated headed by Alcalde
Mayor.
○ Corregimiento - provinces that
were not entirely pacified under
spanish authority led by
Corregidor.
○ Royal Audiencia - is an
independent body created to hear
and solve cases.

12. REVOLUTIONARY
PERIOD
03

13. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
● The Propaganda Movement, led by key
figures such as Jose Rizal, Marcelo H.
del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena
advocated reforms such that the same
rights and freedoms being enjoyed in
Spain would also be granted to
Filipinos.
● However, the failure of the propaganda
to initiate changes in the society gave
birth to a secret association (KKK).

14. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
● The katipunan was governed by the:
○ Kataastaasang Sanggunian
(Supreme Council)
○ Sangguniang Balangay (Provincial
Council)
○ Sangguniang Bayan (Popular
Council )
○ Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial
Council)

15. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
● The division of the katipunan into two
factions:
○ The Magdalo
○ Magdiwang
● On March 22, 1897, Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo was elected as President.
● On November 1, 1897, Aguinaldo
established the Biak-Na-Bato
Republic.

16. AMERICAN
PERIOD
04

17. AMERICAN PERIOD
● The signing of the Treaty of Paris
signaled the end of the Spanish-
American war.
● William H. Taft became the first civil
governor of the Philippines.
● In 1902, the Philippine Act (Cooper
Act) was enacted which provide for the
creation of a Philippine legislature.

18. AMERICAN PERIOD
● By 1916, the Philippine Autonomy Act
(Jones law) provided for the
reorganization of the Philippine
legislature.
● Until in 1934, Tydings- McDuffie Act
(Philippine Independent Act)
● It established the Philippine
Commonwealth.
● President Manuel Quezon and Vice
President Sergio Osmena headed the
first commonwealth government.

19. JAPANESE
PERIOD
05

20. JAPANESE PERIOD
● The Japanese occupation of Manila
signaled the establishment of the
Japanese Military Administration on
January 3, 1942.
● The Philippine Executive Commission
(PEC) a civil government that would
temporary rule the country.
● In 1943, a new constitution was
promulgated.
● Jose P. Laurel served as its president,
also called the Second Republic.

21. POST-WAR ERA
06

22. POST-WAR ERA
● The structure of postwar Philippine
politics and government was founded
on the 1935 Constitution.
● The first president of the third republic
was Manuel Roxas, followed by Elpidio
Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P.
Garcia, Diosdado Macapagal and the
first term of Ferdinand Marcos.

23. MARTIAL LAW
ERA AND THE
FOURTH
REPUBLIC
07

24. MARTIAL LAW ERA AND
THE FOURTH REPUBLIC
● In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was elected
to the presidency and his
administration was characterized by
an:
○ Increased Agricultural Productivity
○ Massive Infrastructure
Development
○ Defining Diplomatic Policy
● Under Marcos administration, a new
constitution was adopted in 1973.

25. MARTIAL LAW ERA AND
THE FOURTH REPUBLIC
● The 1973 Constitution provided that
the Philippines will have a modified
parliamentary form of government.
● During Martial law, the political rights
and civil liberties of the people as well
as their human rights were suppressed
and violated.
● The EDSA People Power which osted
Marcos and ended his dictatorial rule.

26. POST-EDSA
PERIOD
08

27. POST-EDSA PERIOD
● The period from 1986 onward is the
restoration of democracy.
● A revolutionary government was
created following Corazon Aquino’s
ascent to presidency.
● When the new Philippine Constitution
was ratified in 1987, a democratic and
republican government was
established.

28. POST-EDSA PERIOD
● The POST-EDSA era also known as the
Fifth Republic.
● Corazonn Aquino served as the first
President of the fifth republic.
● Today, the Philippines is headed by
Rodrigo Duterte, the first president to
have hailed from Mindanao.

29. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

30. ● Montillia, A. (2018). Module 5: Historical
Development of Philippine Democratic Politics
[SlideShare]. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/angelitamontilla/modu
le-5-historical-development-of-philippine-democrati
c-politics
● Department of Education. (2019).
Philippine-Politics-and-Governance.pdf. Retrieved
from
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/20
19/01/Philippine-Politics-and-Governance.pdf
References