SOME ARE COPIED FROM VARIED RESOURCES

1. EVOLUTION
OF THE
PHILLIPINE GOVERNMENT
Week 5-6

2. The Philippine Government
The Republic of the Philippines is a constitutional democracy,
with thePresident as head of state.
Branch of government
• Executive
• Legislative
• Judicial
Philippine Constitution is the fundamental basis of the laws of the land
• supported by other laws, such as the Civil Code, the Labor Code,
the Omnibus Investments Code, and the National Internal Revenue
Code, as well as by rules and regulations passed by government bodies

4. EVOLUTION
OF THE
PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT

5. Early Filipino System of Government
Kinds
of
Government
Barangay Datu / Raja
*make laws and
implemented them so that
peace and order would
prevail in their community.
The members of his
community helped and
participated in the realization
of the projects in the
barangay
*barangay laws: written and
oral
Sultanate Sultan
*maintaining peace and order,
* responsibility to let the Islam
religion and Muslim tradition
remain in the lives of his
constituents.
*laws of the sultanate
government: based on the Koran
(Muslim Bible) and the Sunnah
(Mohammed's traditions)

6. Early Filipino System of Government
Example of a written law
Maragtas Code (DatuSumaktel of Panay in 1250)
This is the first law ever written which focuses on the penalty for
those who are lazy.
Kalantiaw (DatuKalantiaw in 1433)
This code speaks of death penalty, exposure to ant bites for
those who have been proven to be murderers, thieves and those who marry women
who are under age and those who would rebel against elders.

7. Islam Influence on the Political System
The sultan of the Muslim community is still
the sultan of Muslim provinces.
The effect of Islam religion and their
interaction with the people behind it, the
Muslims have acquired a better perception of
their religion and the laws.
The political organizations and their livelihood
progressed. Because of this, they were not easily
swayed by colonizers.
Early Filipino System of Government

8. Early Filipino System of Government
Forms of government: Barangay and Sultanate
Barangay laws: written and oral
Sultanate law: based on the Koran (Muslim Bible) and the Sunnah (Mohammed's
traditions)
An example of written law during early filipino system of government Maragtas Code
talks about penalty for those who are lazy.
Islam Influence on the Political System remains and still used in southern Philippines

9. System of Government in the Spanish Period
• introduced the Centralized form of government
• divided into two units: the Central government and the Local government.
• Governor-General, Has the highest position in the government.
• Royal Audiencia was the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
• Residencia and the Visitador were the special courts that investigated on the
conduct of the governor-general and other high-ranking Spanish officials.
• Local Government was responsible for the following:
– the provinces, cities, towns and barrios.
The provinces were divided into two:
– Alcaldia which recognized Spain's possession over the land and the
– Corregimiento where the people had not succumbed to its ruling power.
• Ayuntamiento or the city government was the center of the society, religion, culture
and business.
• Pueblo was governed by the gobernadorcillo, the highest position for Filipino
politicians.
• Cabeza de Barangay governed the barrios

10. System of Government in the Spanish Period
Spanish colonial government.
• During the spanish colonial government
Philippines was governed by the King of Spain.
Council of the Indies Council of Ministers Ministry of Ultramar
• Philippines was given representation in the
Spanish Cortes (the legislative body of Spain)
• A basic principle introduced by Spain to the
Philippines was the union of the church and
the state.

11. System of Government in the Spanish Period
Unitary Government
• The government which Spain established in the
Philippines was centralized in structure and national in
scope.
• The barangays were consolidated into towns (pueblos)
each headed by a goberrnadorcillo(little governor),
popularly called capitan, and
• the towns into provinces, each headed by a governor
represented the Governor General in the province.
• Cities governed under special characters were also
created. Each of these cities had an ayuntamiento or
cabildo (city council).
• Cebu was the first city to be established in 1565 in the
Philippines. The second was Manila, in 1571.

12. Governor-General
• exercised by the Governor-General
• “Governor-General” “Captain General,” and “vice-royal patron.”
• Governor-General -he had executive, administrative, legislative, and judicial
powers
• Captain-General, he was Commander-in-chief of all the Armed Forces in the
Philippines.
• Vice-royal patron, he exercised certain religious powers.
• The first Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines was Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi (1565 1571) and the last was Gen. Diego de los Rios (1898).
System of Government in the Spanish Period

13. The Judiciary
• The Royal Audencia which was
established in 1583 was the Supreme Court of
the Philippines during the Spanish times.
• Its decision was final except on
certain cases of great importance which could
be appealed to the King of Spain. It also
performed functions of executive and
legislative nature.

14. Frailocracia
• The governor-general had power over the
church. The friars, on the other hand, played a
very important role in the government.

15. Revolutionary Era
The Katipunan Government
• organized by Andres Bonifacio
• first clear break from Spanish rule with the ultimate
goal to establish a free and sovereign Philippines
The Biak-na-Bato Republic
• established by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
• It had a constitution which was to take effect for two
years only
• It declared that the aim of the revolutions was the
“separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy
and their formation into an independent state.”

16. Revolutionary Era
Dictatorial Government
• established the Dictatorial
Government on May 23, 1898.
• The most important achievements of
the Dictatorial Government were the
Proclamation of Philippine Independence at
Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898 and the
reorganization of local governments.

17. On June 29, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo established the
Revolutionary Government replacing the Dictatorial
Government with himself as President and a Congress
whose function was advisory and ministerial.
First Philippine Republic.
On September 15, 1898, revolutionary Congress of
Filipino representatives met in Malolos, Bulacan at the
call of the Revolutionary Government
This Constitution was the first democratic
constitution ever promulgated in the whole of Asia. It
established a “free and independent Philippine Republic”
which was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 with Gen.
Aguinaldo as President.

18. Centralized form of government
A basic principle introduced by Spain to the Philippines was the union of the church and the state.

19. System of Government in the American Period
• The Brigandage Act
– intended to divide the support of the people against
those who fight the Americans.
• The Sedition Law
– prohibited any persuasion in achieving independence
be it through peaceful or violent means
• The Flag Law
– prohibited the public display of anything particularly
the Philippine flag and KKK that would serve as
reminder of freedom

20. System of Government in the American Period
laws passed by the U.S. Congress for the independence of
the Philippines.
• The Cooper Law
• Jones Law
• Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law
• Tydings-McDuffie Law

21. System of Government in the American Period
The Tydings-McDuffie Law provided the necessary steps that the Filipinos should
take in order to prepare for the coming independence. Filipino
representatives made the Constitution during the Constitutional Convention.
May 14, 1935 became a very important event for women because they were
allowed to vote for the first time.
The Commonwealth was established under the 1935 Constitution. Manuel
Quezon was elected President of the Commonwealth while Sergio Osmena
was elected Vice-President.

22. The Cooper Law one of the laws passed by the U.S. Congress for the
independence of the Philippines.

23. Japanese Government in the Philippines
• the Japanese High Command established the Philippine Executive
Commission in January 1942.
• Jose B. Vargas headed the Commission, which was also known as the
Central Government of the Philippines.
• The commission formed seven departments each of which had a Filipino
secretary and each secretary had a Japanese adviser. This was to determine
the loyalty of their service.
• Jose P. Laurel became the president of the 2nd Republic on Oct. 14, 1943 in
front of the Congress building. The people did not accept the second
republic because they knew that the president did not have the power to
run the government. This was the reason why the second republic was
called a fake or a Puppet Republic.

24. Japanese Government in the Philippines
Jose B. Vargas headed the Commission, which was also known as the Central
Government of the Philippines
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25. The Previous Philippine Republics
• First Republic was established on January 23, 1899 under the Malolos
Constitution
• Second on October 14, 1943 under the Japanese sponsored Constitution
• Third, on July 4 1946 under 1935 Constitution. President Ferdinand E.
Marcos, in his inauguration address on June 30, 1981 proclaimed the birth
of the
• Fourth-Republic under 1973 Constitution which, as amended in a plebiscite
on April 7, 1981, installed a modified parliamentary system of government
thus making him its first President.
• All in-all, there were nine President in the previous three-republics,
including President Marcos in his two(2) terms in the Third Republics.