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INTERNET AND HUMAN RIGHTS
- 1. ,izajsq;fspy;; kdpj chpikfSk;> kdpj chpik kPwy;fSk;
mwpKfk;
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; kpfr;rpwe;j mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; <L ,izaw;wJ
fzpdpAk;> ,izaKk; xd;W vd;W nrhy;Yk; mstpw;F jfty; njhopw;El;g tsh;r;rp
cs;sJ. fzpdp> ,izak; kw;Wk; ,izajs gad;ghL kpfTk; mtrpakhd
xd;whfptpl;lJ. jw;NghJ mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> nghwpapay;> fy;tp> Muha;r;rp Jiwfs;
kl;Lky;yhky; xt;nthU jdpkdpjdpd; tho;;f;ifapYk; fzpdp> ,izajsq;fspd;
gad;ghl;bd; Mjpf;fk; ngUk;gq;Ftfpf;fpwJ. ,jd; thapyhf vz;zw;w jdpkdpj chpikfs;
gutyhf;fg;gLwJ. mNjrkak; ,izaj;jhy; vt;thW kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ
Fwpj;J rpwpa njhFg;G.
,izajs gad;ghl;lhsh;fspd; vz;zpf;if
,izajsq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;
,izajs kdpj chpikfs;
,izajs chpikAk; kdpj chpikNa
,izajsk;> r%ftiyj;jsq;fs; kw;Wk; Clfq;fspy; kdpj
chpikkPwy;fs;
,izajs cs;slf;f jfty;fSf;F fl;Lg;ghl;il cUthf;Fjy;:
,izajs gad;ghl;lhsh;fspd; vz;zpf;if
cyf mstpy; ,izajsk; gad;gLj;JNthhpd; vz;zpf;if ehSf;Fehs;
kpfNtfkhf mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ. 1993-y; Jtq;fpa ,iza gad;ghL 21-
Mz;Lfspy;> cynfq;fpYk; thOk; 7-gpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;g;gl;l kf;fs; njhifapy; Rkhh; 300-
Nfhb kf;fs; ,izajsq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. cyf mstpy; etk;gh; 2014-y;
ntspaplg;gl;l Gs;sp tptuj;jpd;gb ,izajsk; gad;gLj;JNthhpd; gl;baypy; rPdh Kjy;
,lj;jpidAk;> %d;whk; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;j ek; ,e;jpah> ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ,Ue;j
mnkhpf;fhtpid gpd;js;sp ,uz;lhk; ,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j mwpf;ifapd; gb
,e;jpahtpy; ,izajs gad;ghl;lhshpd; vz;zpf;if Rkhh; Kg;gJ NfhbNa ,UgJ
,yl;rk; (30>20>00>000)-Mf cah;e;Js;sJ.
- 2. ,iza jsq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;
,izajsj;jpd; %ykhf xU jdpkdpjd; Rje;jpukhf fw;wy;> mwpTgfpu;T kw;Wk;
ntspg;gilapyhd fUj;Jf;fis ghpkhw;wk; nra;a cjTfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; rKjha kw;Wk;
nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp mila KbAk;.
mNjNeuk; ,izajsq;fSf;nfd fl;Lg;ghby;yhj #o;epiyahy; gy;NtW
tifapyhd r%fgpur;ridfs;> fpsh;r;rpfs;> Nkhjy;fs;> ehl;bilcwTfs;>
FLk;ggpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj chpikfs; vdg; gy;NtW Fw;wq;fs; jpdrhp
mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;NltUfpwJ. jpdrhp nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> thndhyp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp
Clfq;fs; tptjhq;fs; ,izajsq;fs; kw;Wk; mjdhy; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; khw;wq;fs;>
epfo;Tfs;> Fw;wq;fs;> epiwfs; kw;Wk; Fiwfs; vd gytpjkhd tpthjq;fs; jpdKk;
Clfq;fspd; thapyhf ele;Jnfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. rkPgj;jpa gy;NtWehLfspd; mwpf;iffs;>
epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; Gs;sptptuq;fs; ,izajs Fw;wq;fs; cah;e;Js;sij fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,izajsj;jpy; kdpj chpikfs;
cyfkdpjchpikfs; Mizaj;jpd; tpjp 19 ICCPR-d; gbRje;jpukhf
fUj;Jg;gfph;jy; vd;gJ kdpj chpikahFk;. Kdpj chpik vd;gJ midj;J kf;fspd;
gpwg;GhpikahFk;. Kdpj chpikfshdJ cyfk; KOtjpYk; cs;skf;fs; midtUf;Fk;
xU gutyhf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;ig ,izajsq;fs; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd vd;why;
mJkpifahfhJ. ,J Fwpj;J If;fpaehl;L nghJr;rigapy; 2011-y;; ,izakw;Wk;
kdpjchpikfs;- gaq;futhjNehf;fj;jpw;fhf ,izajsq;fs; gad;gLj;Jjiy jLj;jy;
Fwpj;jhd mwpf;iffs; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gpuhq;f; yh vd;gthpd; ,e;j mwpf;ifapd;
thapyhf kdpj chpikfis ,izajs mZfy; vspjhf;Fk; vd;W tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,izajs chpikAk; kdpj chpikNa: ,izajsq;fspy; cyhTtJ rpwpaFoe;ijfs;>
khzth;fs;> ,isQh;fs;> ngz;fs;> Kjpath;fs; cl;gl midj;J jug;gpdUk; jpdrhp
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;.
,e;jpahtpy; ,izajsk; gad;gLj;Jgth;fspy; Mz;fistpl mjpf mstpy;
ngz;fs;; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,jpy; 18 taJ Kjy; 26 tiuapyhdngz;fs; 70% ifalf;f
etPduf njhiNgrp thapyhf gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs; vd;fpwJ ,izajsk; gad;gLj;JNthh;
gw;wpa Ma;twpf;if epWtdk;. r%ftiyj;jsq;fspd; 10 taJf;Fl;gl;l rpWth;fspy; 5%Ngh;
fzf;F itj;Js;sdh;.
- 3. cynfq;fpYk; elf;Fk; kdpj chpikfs; Fwpj;J kdpj chpikfs; ,iza
tiyj;jsj;jpd; thapyhf Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; nra;Ak; Nritia toq;FfpwJ.
,izajsq;fspdhy; fpilf;Fk; trjpfs; Vuhsk;; rhptu gad;gLj;jg;gljjhy;; Vw;gLk; kdpj
chpik kPwy;fs; jhuhsk;. ,jd; %yk; rptpy;> midj;J kdpj chpikfs;> murpay;>
nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; tsh;r;rp chpikfs; Cf;Ftpj;jy; kw;Wk;
ghJfhj;jy; Nghd;w tw;iw nra;a ,aYk;.
o Ngr;Rf;fhdchpikfs;
o jfty; ngWjYf;fhdchpikfs;
o jfty; ntspapLjyf;fhdchpikfs;
Nkw;fhZk; chpikfis cyfpy; thOk; midj;J jug;G kf;fSf;Fk;
ghFghby;yhky; xNukhjphpahd jfty; ghpkhw;wj;jpw;fhd chpikfs; toq;Ftjw;Fg;;
gad;gLfpwJ
,izajsk;> r%f tiyj; jsq;fs; kw;Wk; Clfq;fspy; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;:
,izajs chpik kPwy;fs;:
jfty; jpUlg;gLjy;
,izatop gzNkhrb nra;jy;
jdp kdpjid gw;wpa tpthjk;
jtwhd nra;jpfis
jtwhd chpik kPwy; tpkh;rdq;fs;
fhg;Ghpik ngwhky; jfty;fis gad;gLj;Jjy;
r%ftiyj; jsq;fs; Vw;gLk; r%f kw;Wk; jdpkdpj gpur;ridfs;
o jw;nfhiyfs;
o kd cisr;ry;
o jtwhf rpj;jhpj;jy;
o jtwhf gad;gLj;Jjy;
Clfq;fs;
o jfty;fis kpifg;gLj;jp ntspapLjy;;
o ngha;ahd jfty;fis mspj;jy;.
o rhjp> kj kw;Wk; nkhop czh;tpid J}z;Ljy;.
- 4. o rKjha rPh;NfL tpistpf;Fk; nra;jpfis tpahghu Nehf;fpy; tpsk;guk;
nra;jy;
o Njitaw;w tpthjq;fs;
,izajs cs;slf;f jfty;fSf;F fl;Lg;ghl;il cUthf;Fjy;:
jfty; njhopw;El;gk; kw;Wk; mwptpay; tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;gkdpj chpikfSk;>
kdpjchpik Fwpj;j gpur;ridfSk; ehSf;F ehs; NtnwhU Gjpa ghpzhkj;jpy; muq;Nfwpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. vdNt ,jid ghJfhg;ghf ifahs fPo;fhZk; topKiwfis
gpd;gw;wyhk;.
1. ,izajs Fw;wq;fSf;nfd rl;lq;fs; ,aw;Wjy;> jdpePjpkd;wk;> ePjpj;Jiw
cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
2. ,izajs xOq;FKiw Mizaj;ij Vw;gLj;jp> newpKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l
Nritapid toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
3. jfty; njhopw;El;gk; ,iza jsq;fSf;nfd jdpj;Jiwapid Nkk;gLj;Jjy;.
4. tpthjpf;fg;gLk;> ntsptplg;gLk; kw;Wk; gfpug;gLk; jfty;fs; jzpf;iff;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5. Njitaw;w ,izajsq;fis jilnra;jy;. gaDs;s jfty;fs; ,Ug;gpd;
,izajsj;jpidAk;> jfty;fisAk; kWMa;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L gpd;dh; ntspapl
mDkjpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
6. gjpNtw;wg;gLk; jfty;fs; jzpf;iff;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L> mjd;gpd;
ntspaplg;glNtz;Lk;.
7. rl;ltpNuhj epfo;Tfis jLf;frl;l jpl;lq;fs; tFj;jy;.
8. ,izajsq;fs; Klf;fg;gbd; mjd; chpikahsUf;F Kd;$l;ba njhptpj;jy;:
kw;Wk; mjd; gpd; rhpahd tpsf;fKk;> fhuzj;jpidAk; mjd; chpikahsUf;F
njhptpj;;jy;.
9. cyfk; KOtjpw;Fk; xNu khjphpahd fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpg;gJ
10. ,izajsq;fis ifahSjy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghf gad;gLj;Jjy; Fwpj;J
tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
11. ,izajs chpikfs;> gad;ghL Fwpj;J ghlj;jpl;lq;fspy; Nrh;j;jy; kpfTk;
mtrpakhd NjitahFk;
kdpj chpik Mh;tyh;fs>; rl;l ty;Yeh;fs>; fzpg;nghwp ty;Yeh;fs;> kfsph;
mikg;gpdh;> fy;tpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; ,izajsNrit mspf;Fk; epWtdq;fs;; KjyhNdhiu
- 5. ,izj;J xUepGzh; FOtpid cUthf;fp ,d;iwa ,sk; jiyKiwapdUld; tpthjpj;J
mjw;Nfw;whh; Nghy; Gjparl;;lq;fis ,aw;wp eilKiwg; gLj;Jjy; thapyhf
,izajsj;jpd; kdpj chpikiaAk; epiy ehl;LtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;whh;
Nghy Gjpaghpzhkj;jpy; Vw;gLk; epfo;fhy kw;Wk; vjph;fhy kdpj chpikfSf;fhd
gpur;ridfisAk;> kdpjchpikfisAk; ghJfhf;fyhk;. ,izajsq;fs; gad;gLj;JNthhpy;
70% jtwhd Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ> 30% kl;Lk; jhd; rhpahd
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;fpwJ kw;nwhU Ma;twpf;if. ,e;j
rjtpfpjj;jpid khw;wpaikf;f Kiwahd cyfyhtpa newpKiwfis tFj;J njhlh;e;J
tsh;r;rpg;ghijapd; kdpj chpikfis ghJfhf;f Kw;glNtz;Lk;.