this tamil aruvi was published in 2008 by wonders batch of agricultural college and research institute killikulam.

1. ahJk; CNu! ahtUk; Nfspu;!!!
jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wk;
Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;
fps;spFsk; - 628 252.
2008

2. nghUslf;fk;
mzpe;Jiu
tho;j;Jiu
Kd;Diu
ftpr;rhuy;
JZf;Ffs;
Xtpaq;fs;
ed;wpAiu

3. mzpe;Jiu
mUtpfSf;F ngah;Nghd ,e;j ney;iyr; rPikapy; ty;yehL
kiyapy; cUthf gy;NtW tbtk; ngw;W fps;spFsj;jpy; cs;sth;fspd;
jkpo;j;jhfj;ijj; jPh;f;f; Njq;fpAs;sJ ,e;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyh; “jkpoUtp’.
ekJ fy;Y}hp; jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpd; rhh;gpy; kyUk; ,e;j
Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyhpd; Nehf;fNk khzth;fspd; jpwid ntspf;nfhzh;e;J
mjid etPd fhy NjitfSf;F Vw;g jftikj;Jj; jUtNj.
,e;j kyhpy; khzth;fspd; rpe;jidapy; cUthd ftpr;rhuy;fs;>
Xtpaq;fs;> JZf;Ffs; Mfpad ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
fhyj;jpd; tsh;r;rp fUjp ,e;j kyh; “jkpoUtp” kpd;E}yhf
FWe;jfl;by; ntspaplg;gLtJ tuNtw;fj;jf;fJ.
,e;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyh; ‘jkpoUtp’ ,dp tUk; fhyq;fspYk;
ed;whf tsu Ntz;Lk;> kyu Ntz;Lk; vd xU kwj;jkpodha; tho;j;JfpNwd;.
Kidth; G. tpNtfhde;jd;
Kjy;th;>
Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rp epiyak;>
fps;spFsk; - 628 252.

4. tho;j;Jiu
jkpo;f; ftpijia etPd fhyj; NjitfSf;Fk;> czh;TfSf;Fk; Vw;g
jftikj;J je;j E}y;fs; gy> khzth;fspd; gilg;Gj;jpwid tsh;g;gij Vf
Fwpf;Nfhshf nfhz;L kyh;e;J tsh;e;J tUk; ,e;j Kj;jkpo;tpoh kyh; -
‘jkpoUtp”apd; tsh;r;rp ghuhl;Lf;F chpaJ.
,e;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyh; - jkpoUtp tUlk;; xUKiw kyu Ntz;Lk; vd;w
Nehf;fj;jpy; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
ek; fy;Y}hpapy; ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpd; Kjy; Kaw;rp vd;gjdhy; khzth; kd;w
MNyhrfh; vd;fpw Kiwapy; epj;jk; epj;jk; ehk; tPl;oy; Foha; mUtpapy;
Fspj;jhYk; tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiw jkpoUtpapy; KOtJk; eide;J Fspg;Nghk;
nkhop Rfk; fhz;Nghk;.
ekJ fy;Y}hpapd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpd; ,e;j Kaw;rpia ,dp
tUq;fhyq;fspYk; njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwd;. khzth; kd;w
MNyhrfh; vd;w Kiwapy; ,e;j kyh; nkd; NkYk; kyu tsu tho;j;JfpNwd;.
;
Kidth; R. NrhkRe;juk;>
khzth; kd;w MNyhrfh;>
Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rp epWtdk;>
fps;spFsk; - 628 252.

5. tho;j;Jiu
gr;irg; gRe;jkpo; ehl;by; -jkpo;
gha;e;jpl tho;tJ tho;T
%jwpTs;sJ tho;T – eWk;
Kj;jkpo; fw;gJ tho;T.
vd Kj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpid Kof;fpath; ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd;.
,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd %d;W jkpOk; ,ize;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyuhf
,k;kyh; ntsp te;jpUg;gJ kfpo;r;rpf;FhpaJ.
kyhpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;ss ftpij> fl;Liu> JZf;Ffs; Nghd;wit
khzth;fspd; vz;zr; rpjwy;fis ntspg;gLj;JtNjhL rKjhar;
rpe;jidfisj; J}z;LtdthfTk; mike;Js;sd.
‘mikjpahd Mo;flypy;jhd;
mw;Gjkhd Kj;Jf;fs;
Mo;e;J fplf;fpd;wd”
vd;gJ cz;ik. khzth;fspilNa kiwe;J fple;j mw;Gjkhd
Kj;Jf;fNs Kj;jkpo;tpoh kyh; gilg;Gf;fshf cUg;ngw;Ws;sd vd;gjpy;
Iakpy;iy.

6. kyhpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s gilg;Gf;fs; midj;Jk; ghkuUk; gbj;Jr; Ritf;ff;$ba
vspa eilapy; ,dpa Xirapy; mike;Js;sd. nrhw;nrwpTk; nghUl;nrwpTk;
epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
vOjpf; Ftpg;Nghk; ,d;dhspy;
Vw;wk; ngWNthk; gpd;dhspy;
vd khzth;fs; vOjpf; Ftpj;j gilg;Gf;fs; kyUf;F nkU$l;Lfpd;wd.
gilg;Gf;fs; midj;Jk; Ritj;J ,d;Gwj;jf;fit. mtw;iwg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ
khzth;fsJ MwhtJ tpuyhw;wy; Gyg;gLfpwJ.
,j;jifa rpwg;G tha;e;j kyh; njhlh;e;J ntsptuTk; khzth;fspd;
gilg;Gj;jpwd; nkd;NkYk; tsuTk; tho;j;Jf;fs;.
Kidth; kh. kPdhl;rpRe;juk;>
,izg;Nguhrphpah; (jkpo;)
jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;w MNyhrfh;>
Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rpepiyak;
fps;spFsk; - 628 252

7. Kd;Diu
ekJ fy;Y}hpapd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpd; Kaw;rpapy; cUthd
,e;j ‘jkpoUtp” – Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyhpidj; njhFj;J jkpod;idf;F
mspg;gjpy; ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
,e;j kyhpd; Nehf;fk;> ftpij> Xtpak;> JZf;F Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gilf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;l khzth;fis Cf;Ftpj;J mth;fspd; jpwikfis
ntspf;nfhzh;e;J fhl;LtNj.
‘khw;wk; xd;Nw khwh jj;Jtk;” vd;w fhyf;fzpjj;jpYk; epiyj;J
epw;f ,e;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyh; jkpoUtpapid kpd;E}yhf FWe;jfl;by; gjpj;J
ntspapLfpNwhk;.
,e;j kyh; nkd;NkYk; tsh;e;J kyu Ntz;Lk; vd tzq;fp>
,dptUk; fhyq;fspy; ,e;j Kaw;rp njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd tpiofpNwhk;.
nr. fypa%h;j;jp
nt. Jh;fhNjtp
jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wr;nrayh;fs;

9. md;id jkpNo jiog;gha;
md;id jkpNo eP Ml;rpnkhopfSs;
xd;whdha;
kNyrpahtpYk;> rpq;fg;g+hpYk;
jkpo;Nrit thndhypf;fpwJ
gphpl;ldpYk; rPdhtpYk;
jkpoha;tpy; jiy rpwe;Js;sJ
,q;fpyhe;Jk; [g;ghDk;
Mk;
vk; jha;nkhop nrk;nkhopahfptpl;lJ may;ehl;by;
jha;ehl;by; mjd; epiy vd;dNth?
fd;dp jkpNo
eP kJiuapy; ige;jkpoha;
nfhq;F ehl;by; nfhQ;Rk; jkpoha; rpwe;jpUf;f
nrd;id nre;jkpNo eP kl;Lk; Vd;
nghyptpoe;J NghdhNah?
mwpiz caph; $l ‘mk;kh’ vd miof;f
jkpodpd; Fyf;nfhOe;J ‘kk;kp’ vd tpspg;gJ jFNkh?
vq;fs; ehf;F Mq;fpyk; NgRfpwJ
`pe;jpAk; gpuQ;Rk; tpUk;gp fw;fpwJ.
jkpo; Ngr VNdh jLkhWfpwJ
MdhYk; ftiyapy;iy
jkpo; ,dp rhfhJ me;epah; mijf; fhj;jpLth;
jha;nkhopapy; Ngr juk; Fiwtha;
vz;Zk; kf;fs; cs;stiu
vd; md;id jkpNo eP juzpnaq;Fk;
jiog;gJ vg;NghJ?
nt. Jh;;fhNjtp
ehd;fhkhz;L
(mjpraq;fs;

10. ,yl;rpak;
,d;iwa ,isQNd* cdJ gazk; vij nehf;fp vd;W
cdJ gpk;gj;ij eP Nfl;lJz;lh>
#l;bf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
,itnay;yhk; ,yl;rpaq;fsy;y eP Njh;e;njLf;Fk;
Jiwfs; - mt;tsTjhd;.
,e;jj; Jiwapy; eP tho epidg;gJ cd; tpUg;gk;.
,e;jj; Jiwia eP tho itg;gJ cdJ ,yl;rpak;.
eP <LgLk; Jiwapy; cd; ngah; nrhy;Yk; Kj;jpiu
vd;d>
Fiwe;j gl;rk; cdJ ,yl;rpak; vd;gJ mJjhd;. ek;kpy;
gyh; xU ehw;fhyp fpilf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; jPiag; Nghy;
RWRWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
fpilj;j gpwnfh me;j ehw;fhypiag; Nghy; tpiwj;Jg;
Nghfpwhh;fs;.
ek;Kila mfuhjpapy; -
Mrphpad; vd;gtd; fw;gij epWj;jptpl;ltd;.
murhq;f Copad; vd;gtd; xd;whk; Njjp kl;Lk;
cwq;fhjtd;.
kUj;Jtd; vd;gtd; Jk;kpf; nfhz;nl [yNjhj;Jf;F
kUe;J nfhLg;gtd;.
,e;j epiy khw Ntz;lhkh?
ek;kpy; gyUf;F cj;jpNahfe;jhd; ,yl;rpak; vd;gjdhy;
tUfpd;w CWfs; ,it.
gjtp cah;it nll; Mg; bgh;j; kl;Lnk jPh;khdpf;F

11. nkd;gjhdhy; ,isQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; $l Nrhfj;jhy;
Nrhif gpoj;J tpLfpwJ.
,isQNd cdJ ,yl;rpaknkd;gJ ntWk; gjtp
kl;Lky;y mjw;Fk; NkNy.
,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lj;jpypUf;Fk; Ntiy ,y;yhj
,isQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; ,yl;rpaj;njhL ,Ug;gJjhd;
jPh;T vd;W ehd; jphpj;Jr; nrhy;ykhl;Nld;.
mjw;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gNjhL ,yl;rpak; jPh;e;J
tpLtjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;.
vjphp vd;W xUtd; ,y;iynad;whYk; vjphpia
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs; vd;whh; khNr Jq;.
,Jtiuf;Fk; ,yl;rpak; vd;W xd;W ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;
,yl;rpaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhs;.
Mdhy; ,yl;rpak; vd;gJ vd; vjphpay;y ez;gNd.
f. mwpTf;fuR
thiffs; (2002-2006)

12. ngz;zpak; vOfNt
ngz;ik tho;fntd;W $j;jpLNthklh
ngz;ik nty;fntd;W $j;jpLNthklh
,e;j thrfj;ij vj;jid jkpo; Fbkfd;fshy;
,e;j Mdhjpf;f r%fj;jpy; cuj;J ngr KbAk;>
fzf;F nrhy;Yq;fs; ghh;g;Nghk;*
vd; khpahijf;Fhpa ngz;ghy; r%fq;fNs
jaTnra;J thopg;gilAq;fs;. epyitg;Nghy; ,uty;
ntspr;rj;jpy; ,Jtiu tho;e;jJ NghJk; fz;NaDk;
#hpaidg; Nghy; Rakha; Rlh;tpl Kide;J th
NjhopNa ctfk; nrhy;Yk; ,gNnghJ ghh;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;Jk; Ke;E}W &gha; Ntiyia tpl;LtplhNj
vd;W eP kjpkaq;fp tplhNj cyfj;jpd; xt;nthU
khw;wj;ijAk; ,g;gbnahU $l;lk; vjph;j;J jhd;
te;jpUf;fpwJ.
ghtk; fg;gypy; Vwj; jpuhzpaw;wth;fs;
ftpH;e;JNghd fl;LkuNk flTs; vd;gth;fs;.
rpy jw;fhypf Rfq;fSf;fhf epue;ju yl;rpaq;fis
xj;jp NghLtJ Vd; Njhop>
,iwr;rp Jz;LfSf;F cj;juthjk; cz;L
vd;gjw;fhf rpWj;ijfis $z;Lf;Fs; FobapUf;Fk; rk;kjk;
jUtJ kpfg;bghpa gpio.
,j;Jiz Mz;Lfhykha; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j rpy
tifaw;w kuGfis cilg;gJ fbdk; jhd;. ,d;W eP
nfhq;rk; Njhz;bit. cd; re;jjp nfhq;rk;
Njhz;ll;Lk;.
,sik cd; Njhs;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; Nghnj

13. vJ Ufk; vd;gij vlbtpL
vOjpag;gbjhd; elf;Fk; vy;yhk;
tpjptrk; vd;gij tpl;LtpL
fw;gidfspy; fl;lg;gLk; Nfhl;ilfis tpl
vjhh;j;j;jpd; FbirfNs ekf;F Njit.
Xbf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mJ ejp
cytpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mJ fhw;W
nray;gl;L nfhz;nl ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mJ ,sit
cd;,wit nray;gll;Lk;. ,d;ndhU ngz;zpak;
vOe;jplNt.
gpwe;jJk; ghy;thb gpwF gs;spf;$lk; Kbe;jhy;
fy;Y}hp gpd; fy;ahzk; ,Wjpapy; rikayiwf;F kl;LNk
thf;fg;gl;L te;jtshy; ,d;Dk; ek; fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy;
vj;jid vj;jid ngz;zpak; tpwF
js;spf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
f. mwpTf;fuR
thiffs; (2002-2006)

14. fhjy; nra;ayhk;
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
kzk; cs;s kyh;fis my;y
ey;y kdpjh;fis
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
mofhf cs;s ngz;iz my;y
mwpTj;jpwd; kpf;f Gj;jfq;fis
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
cyf mofpia my;y
cdJ caph; ez;giu
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
flTs;fis gf;jpNahL my;y
fy;tpia fw;Wf; nfhLg;gth;fis
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
mofhd Njtijia my;y
cdf;fhf mauhJ ghLgLk; ngw;Nwhh;fis
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
fz;zofpia my;y
fz;ghh;it mw;wth;fis
fhjy; nra;ayhk;
cz;ikaw;wth;fis my;y
CdKw;wth;fis
,e;jpahtpd; fl;blj;J}z;fs; ehk;
Nghypf; fhjy; vd;Dk; Gaypy;
mope;J tpl Ntz;lhk;
ehk; Kaw;rpiaf; fhjy; nra;Nthk;!
gapw;rpiaf; fhjy; nra;Nthk;!
ntw;wp ek;ikf; fhjy; nra;Ak;.
K. jpt;ah
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

15. ek;gpf;if
KbahJ vd;W
cyfk; cdJ
KJfpy; Ntz;Lkhdhy;
vOjl;Lk;
cdJ kdjpy;
vOj mDkjpf;fhNj.
ep[k;
epoy;
epiyahdJ my;y
ep[Nk epiyahdJ
MfNt
epoypy; rha;tijtpl
ep[j;jpy; rha;tNj Nky;
K. jpt;ah
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

16. ngz;
V kdpjNd
ngz;iz ntWk; g+thf
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNj – mjpy;
cs;s eWkzj;ijg; ghh;
ngz;iz ntWk; epytha;
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNj – mjpy;
cs;s xspiag; ghh;
ngz;iz ntWk; rpiyahf
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNJ – mtsplk;
cs;s czh;r;rpiag; ghh;
ngz;iz ntWk; mofhf
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNj – mtsplk;
cs;s mwpitg; ghh;
ngz;iz ntWk; kidtpahf
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNj – mtsplk;
cs;s ghrj;ijg; ghh;
ngz;iz ntWk; ngz;zhf
kl;Lk; ghh;f;fhNj – mtis
md;idahfg; ghh; - cd;
tho;tpd; jPgr; Rlh;
jhNd Rlh; tpl;L vhpAk;
vz;zpg;ghh;
xt;Nthh; Mz;Lk;
cdJ
gpwe;j jpdk; tUfpd;wJ
Mdhy;
rhjid thdpy;
eP
gwf;Fk; jpdk; tUfpd;wjh?
vz;zpg;ghh;
K. jpt;ah
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

17. Rikjhq;fp
jhNa
vd;id
fUtiwapy; Kjypy; Rke;jha;
kz;zpNy fhy; itj;jNghJ
khh;NghL Rke;jha;
jtoj; njhlq;fpaNghJ
NjhspNy Rke;jha;
eil tz;b kwe;jNghJ
Ms;fhl;b tpuy; gpbj;J Rke;jha;
ehd; MshFk; tiu
vd; Njitfis Rke;jha;
kzkhd gpd;G vd; kidtpia Rke;jha;
ehd; fy;yiw nry;Yk;NghJ
vd; gphptpid Rkg;gha;
,g;gbf; fUtiw Kjy; fy;yiw tiu
Rik jhq;f ehd; vg;gpwtpapy;
Rik jhq;fpahtJ?
epd;
Rik jhq;FtJ?
n[. uhN[; Fkhh;
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

18. ntw;wp-Njhy;tp
ntw;wpfs; vy;yhk;
ntFkhdk; ,y;iy
Njhy;tpfs; vy;yhk;
mtkhdk; ,y;iy
ntw;wpfs; gy Neuk;
Nghij jUk;
Njhy;tpfs; gyNeuk;
ghij jUk;
ntw;wpfs; rpy rkak;
Ntfg;gLj;Jk;
kdij ,uz;bw;Fk;
rkepiyg;gLj;J
typik fhj;jpUf;fpfwJ
cd;id vjph;ghh;j;J
n[. uhN[; Fkhh;
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

19. ntw;wp epr;rak;
kiyapype;J ejp cUthfpwJ
vd;gjw;fhf
kio tUj;jg;ggLtjpy;iy
epyT Nja;e;JtpLk;
vd;gjw;fhf
thdk; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy
coth;fs; epyj;ij cOtJ
vd;gjw;fhf
g+kpj;jha; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy
NjdPf;fs; Njid cwpQ;rptpLk;
vd;gjw;fhf
g+f;fs; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy
njd;wy; epd;W NghFk;
vd;gjw;fhf
kyh;fs; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy
g+f;fs; cjph;e;J tpOk;
vd;gjw;fhf
kuq;fs; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy
gpwF
Vd; kdpjh
eP kl;Lk; Njhy;tp fz;L
Jtz;L Nghfpwha;
nga;Ak; kiof;Nfw;g jhd;
tpisAk; epyk;
mNj Nghy;
nra;Ak; Kaw;rpf;Nfw;g jhd;
cd;Dila ntw;wp . g. mfpyh
mjpraq;fs

20. ftpijapd; ftpij njhFg;G
kdk; NgRk; nksd thh;j;ijfs;
fz;fspypUe;Nj
fhl;rpfs; Njhd;Wk;
fw;gidapypUe;Nj
ftpijfs; Njhd;Wk;
Jauj;jpyUe;Nj
fhtpak; Njhd;Wk;
Njhy;tpapypUe;Nj
Qhdq;fs; Njhd;Wk;
#hpad; kiwe;jhy;
tpsf;nfhd;W rphpf;Fk;
Raeyk; kiwe;jhy;
itaNk nropf;Fk;
g+kpiaj; jpwe;jhy;
GijaYk; ,Uf;Fk;
G+f;fisj; jpwe;jhy;
Njd;Jsp ,Uf;Fk;
ejpfisj; jpwe;jhy;
fodpfs; nropf;Fk;
ehisiaj; jpwe;jhy;
ek;gpf;if rpf;Fk;.

21. jd;Ds; cUthtJ
jd;dk;gpf;if vd;gJ
jd;Ds; tUtJ
ek;gpf;if vd;gJ
jd;id ek;gp tUtJ
gzpT vd;gJ
gz;gpy; tUtJ
,uf;fk; vd;gJ
kdjpy; tUtJ
tUj;jk; vd;gJ
tho;f;ifapy; tUtJ
Njhy;tp vd;gJ
ntw;wpapy; tUtJ
ftpaurp Nyhfehjd;
fhf;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

22. flNyhuf; ftpij
jd; fhjiy fiuapy;
njhiyj;Jtpl;L ftiyNahL
Njbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; miyfs;
mOf;F Nghdgpd;Gk;
miyapd; jhyhl;by; rpf;fpf;nfhz;L
ntspNa tu kWf;Fk; fly; Fspay;.
jhd; $l;b te;j jd; Foe;ijfisAk;
kwe;J jd;idNa Foe;ijahf epidj;J
jd; Foe;ijfSld; tpisahbf;
nfhz;bUe;jha;
jd;id Juj;jp te;j miyfs; ghjpapNyNa
epd;Wtpl
jhd; n[apj;J tpl;ljhf epidj;J kfpo;e;j rpWtd;
jdf;F fhjyp ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; guthapy;iy
jd;id fhjypf;f ,t;tsT nghpa
gue;j cs;sk; ,Uf;fpwNj vd;W kfpOk;
fly; fhjyh;fs;
fly; Xirfisf; Nfl;f ghifs;
Njitapy;iynad ep&gpj;j rpyNgh;
gLf;f $l gQ;Rnkj;ij fpilf;ftpy;iy
,q;F elf;fNt fpilj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W
ele;J nfhz;Nl jphpe;j rpyh;.
cly; Klf;Fk; tajpy;
KWf;F tpw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j ngz;

23. jd; ngaiu fy;ntl;Lfspy; jhd;
nghwpf;f Kbatpy;iy
flw;rq;FfspyhtJ nghwpf;fyhk;
vd;W epidj;j rpyh;
nghUisg; ghh;j;J fhR nfhLf;f
Nahrpg;ghh;fs; vd;W
fhir vOjpg; Nghl;Ltpl;L
nghUis tpw;w filf;fhud;.
Neuk; Nghf;fpa flypd;
Nerk; kwthjpUf;f ed;wpAld;
eha;f;Fl;b nghk;ikfis
thq;fpr; nrd;w rpyh;
,tw;iwnay;yhk; urpj;j ehd;
,d;Dk; rpytw;iwAk; epidj;Njd;
Kaw;rpfs; jtwpdhYk;
Kaw;rpf;f jtwhNj vdf;$Wk; miyfs;
ntw;wpapy; %o;fpf; fplf;fhNj mJ
cd;id tpOq;fptpLk; vdf;$Wk; Kjyiy
ehd; thrk; gug;g fhR
Nfl;gjpy;iy
ePq;fs; kl;Lk; jd; md;igg; gug;ghky;
mikjpaha; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs; vdf; Nfl;Fk;
njd;wy;
cz;ikahd kfpo;r;rp jhd; kfpo;tjpy;
,y;iy gpwiu kfpo;tpg;gjpy;jhd;
cs;sJ vdf; $Wk; flw;fiu.
[Ptd; (cs;stiu)
mjpraq;fs;

24. vq;Nf re;Njhk;
miy fiuiaj; njhl;lhy; flYf;F re;Njhk;
fhw;W Nkfj;ijj; njhl;lhy; kiof;F re;Njhk;
#hpad; thdj;ijj; njhl;lhy; gfYf;F re;Njhk;
re;jpud; tpz;izj; njhl;lhy; ,uTf;F re;Njhk;
,uT gfiyj; njhl;lhy; ehisf;F re;Njhk;
kyh; nja;tj;ijj; njhl;lhy; g+irf;F re;Njhk;
Kaw;rp ciog;igj; njhl;lhy; ntw;wpf;F re;Njhk;
kdR neQ;irj; njhl;lhy; jhd; fhjYf;F re;Njhk;
fhjy; vd;Nwd;
njd;wy; vd;Nwd; Njdha; te;jhs;
kyh; vd;Nwd; khiyaha; te;jhs;
Nkfk; vd;Nwd; kioaha; te;jhs;
Miy vd;Nwd; flyha; te;jhs;
#hpad; vd;Nwd; gfyha; te;jhs;
re;jpud; vd;Nwd; gfyha; te;jhs;
tz;zk; vd;Nwd; thdtpy;yha; te;jhs;
thh;j;ij vd;Nwd; ftpijaha; te;jhs;
el;G vd;Nwd; cwtha; te;jhs;
fhjy; vd;Nwd; ml Nghlh vd;whs;.
Nf. mz;zhkiy
mjpraq;fs;

25. ,d;iwa ,isQNd
,isQNd
rhjpf;Fk; tajpy;
rr;ruTfs; vjw;F
ty;yik cz;Ldf;F
td;Kiwfs; vjw;F
mQ;rh neQ;rd;jhd;
mQ;r itg;gNjd;
tPud; Nfhioia
ntd;why; mJ
ntw;wpah
khw;wpf;nfhs;
cd; Kbit
el;G vd;Dk;
tpy;nyLj;J
md;G vDk;
mk;nga;J ghh;
mJ nrhy;Yk;
cd;Dila ehisa tuyhw;iw.
vk;. fhh;j;jpfh Njtp
mjpraq;fs;

26. fuq;fs; kwe;j kdpjk;
fspw;Wg;gil njhluha;>
fz;tpopj;Jf; fhtyuha;>
,uj;j neb tPRk; fe;jYld;>
tpopapy; jPgnghwp gug;gp>
;
Rfj;ij kwe;J
kdjpy; fdd;W fdd;W
kuj;Jg; Nghd kdpjj;Jld;
Kbe;J Nghd czh;r;rpAld;
neQ;rk; mf;dp gpuNtrkha;
mfpyj;J ehLfspny;yyhk;
rpg;gha; gilfs; rpiyaha;
vy;ifapy; tpiwj;j tpwfha; epw;f.
cd; gifah fhuzk;
cd; MAjk; Jilf;f
mLj;jtd; ifah mLg;nghpa Ntz;Lk;>
Vdpe;j Nghuhl;lk; mtdpnay;yhk;>
Ntw;Wil mzpe;j g+jtbtpy;
GJg;GJ tbtpy; xt;nthU ehl;bYk;
,yq;if jkpodpd; ,w;Wtpl;l
,jaj;ij Jisj;j gpd;Dkh
fuq;fs; ,d;Dk; fisg;gilatpy;iy
fhh;fpy; tPud; tPl;L Xyk; Nfl;l
gpd;Dkh nrtpfs; Nfhhpf;ifapLfpd;wd
Aj;j rj;jj;jpw;F
fhh;Fz;by; gy cly; Jz;L
ghh;j;j gpd;Dkh rptg;G tz;zj;jpy;
Rpy;ypLfpwJ cd; fz;fs;
,j;jid fz;l gpd;Dkh cdf;F
,Ujaj;jpy; rk;gl;b mbf;ftpy;iy?
NghJklh kdpjh NghJk;
iffs; MAjk; jhq;f

27. vd;W eP vz;zpajyh
iffs; cd; nraw;iff; Nfhis
,af;fr; nra;a vd epidj;jjhNy
fuq;fs; - mLj;jtd; jiythq;f
vd;W eP rpe;jpj;jjhyh?
Xd;iw kwe;Jtpl;lhNa
mLj;jtNdhL if fYf;fp
rkhjhdj;jpy; kdk; gug;gp
kfpo;r;rpiag; ghpkhwTk; - cd;
fuq;fs;jhd; Ntz;Lnkd;W kwe;J
NghdhNa
Nghh;f;nfhb cah;j;j jhNdh fuq;fs;
nts;isf; nfhb cah;j;jTk;
Ntz;lhNkh
md;W njw;fpy; kl;Lk; Njitg;gl;lJ
xU nts;isg;Gwh
,d;W juzpf;fhf my;yth Njit
vz;zpylq;fh nts;sisg; Gwhf;fs;
mjw;Fk; Njit cd; ,ize;j fuq;fs;
fuq;fs; kl;Lky;y cd; ,ize;j
kdq;fSk;jhd;
epj;jpah
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

28. jtk;
jtkpUe;J <d;w gps;is ehd;
vd; jha;f;F
ehDk; jtkpUe;Njd; fUtiwapy;
vd; jhapd; mofpa Kfk; ghh;f;f
cd; epidtpy;jhd; ehd;
vd; epiditNa fz;Nld;
Njhw;wdh; khkpahh; kUkfs;
ehk; NghLk; FWk;Gr; rz;ilahy;
,Ug;Ngd; jtk; tUlf; fzf;fpy;
eP vdf;fhf kl;LNk
nksd tpujk;
,jakpy;yhky; Nerpf;fpNwd;
vd;dpjak; cd;dplj;jpy;
fhw;W ,irf;f Nkfk; fiya
eP ,irf;f vd;Wjhd; ehd;
nksdk; fiytJ
czh;e;Njd; ePapUf;Fk;NghJ
fhyj;jpd; Ntfj;ij
ntWj;Njd; eP ,y;yhjNghJ
fhyj;jpd; jhkjj;ij
vd; tPl;bYk; vy;Nyhuh Xtpak;
eP te;J nrd;w ghjr; RtLfs;
ntWj;jJ ehdy;y Nuh[h
vd;W ehd; cdf;Ff; nfhLg;Ngd; vd;W
vd;dUfpy; eP
nksdtpujkha; ehd;
,uh. guhrf;jp
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

29. ,isQNd vOe;J th
jd;dk;gpf;if ,y;yhky; jLkhWk;
NjhoNd – eP
,Uis itj;Jf;nfhz;L
nghUis vq;Nf NjLfpwha;
cd; tpopfspy; (fdTfspy;) ,Uf;fpwJ
g+uz re;jpudpd; Ngnuhsp
fdT fhz;
fdT fhz;
cd; fdT edthFk; tiu
fdTf;F fiuapy;iy – Mdhy;
vd;whtnjhU tpbT cz;L
fhyq;fs; khwpDk;
cd; ,yl;rpa fdtpypUe;J khwptplhNj
cWjp> Kaw;rp> jd;dk;gpf;if - ,tw;iw
cWjpaha; nfhz;L cd; tpop tphpa
Kaw;rp nfhs; - gpd;
mayhh; tpop tphpa cah;e;J epw;gha;
eP ,d;W tbf;Fk; fz;zPh;
vd;whtJ xUehs; Gd;dif tbtnkLf;Fk;

30. mJtiu nghWj;jpU
mauhky; cioj;jpL
Mh;g;ghpj;J Mh;g;ghpj;J
vOe;J tUk;
miyfisg; ghNud;
Mapuk; Kiw
flypy; js;spsdhYk;
fiuNaWk; ntwpnfhz;L
kPz;Lk; kPzLk; Nguiyfsha;
mijf; fz;L ePAk;
vOe;J th
Njhy;tpfisj; Njhw;fbf;f
j. ntq;fNl ngUkhs;
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

31. jz;zPUk; fz;zPUk;
V fly; jhNa
ePhpd;wp mikah cynfd;W cid tzq;f
ePNah vq;fis fz;zPhpy; %o;fr; nra;jha;
caph;fhf;Fk; czTf;fhf cd;dbiar; Nru
jha;kbNa Ngahdhy; jg;gpf;f topNaJ
eP czthfpdha;> capuhfpdha; ,e;j
cly;nghUs; Mtpnay;yhk; cd;Dilanjd;Wjhd;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhNah
V fly;ePNu vj;jid Nghpd; fz;zPiu eP Fbj;jha;
ce;ePh; cg;G fhpf;fpd;wNj
cd;dhy; FLk;gj;ij ,oe;j Foe;ijfSf;Fk;
Foe;ijfis ,oe;j ngw;nwhUf;Fk; tho;tpy;
kpQ;rpapUg;gJ fz;zPiuj; jtpu Ntnwd;d ,Uf;fpwJ jz;zPNu
cd;dhy; New;W gy Nfhbfspy; ,d;Nwh njUf;Nfhbapy;
cd;dhy; New;W FLk;gj;jiytd; ,d;Nwh ntw;W kdpjd;
ehq;fs; 2005I ,dpikaha; vjph;Nehf;f
eP vj;jid ehs; jpl;lkpl;lha; vq;fspd; tho;topf;f

32. V Mo;flNy ,e;j mopah gop vjw;Fdf;F
MdhYk; fly;ePNu
cd;dhy; vq;fspd; xUikg;ghL ntspg;gl;lJ
Ntshq;fd;dpapy; ,we;Njhh;f;F
Ntjidg;gLfpd;wd mf;u`huq;fs;
,e;Jtpd; clypy; ,];yhkpa ,uj;jk;
,dk;; kj Ngjq;fsis ,aw;if ntd;wJ
kj khr;rh;aq;fis khDlk; ntd;wJ.
Mz;L gy fle;jhYk; mopahj RtLfsha;
,d;Wk; vq;fs; neQ;rpy; Rdhkpapd; Nfhuj; jhz;ltk;
miyabf;Fk; flNy vq;Nf xspj;J itj;jpUe;jha;
,j;jid MNtrj;ij
%Nte;jh; fhj;jkz; Ke;ePuhy; moptjh
fz;zfp gpwe;j kz; fz;zPhpy; mkpo;tjh
,dpAk; Ntz;lhk; ,e;jf; nfhLikfs;
nt. Jh;fhNjtp
mjpraq;fs;

33. vd; mts;
fhw;wpd; miy Xa;e;JtpLk;
vd;dtspd; Ngr;riy Nfl;lgpd;
flypd; miy Xa;e;JtpLk;
vd;dtspd; rphpg;giy Nfl;lgpd;
vd; caph; miy epd;WtpLk;
vd;dtis fhzhj ehl;fspy;
F.uQ;rpj;Fkhh;
mjpraq;fs;
kPz;Lk; ehd;
gfypy; Ntiy
Njba fhy;fs;
‘gopf;Fg; gop’ vd typj;jd
ntwpj;j Rth;fs;
mNj Kfnkd mYg;Gld;
Kiwj;jd
vdJ ek;gpf;if
eg;ghirapy;
Kaw;rp vd KdfpaJ
fbjq;fs; vidg; gphp
vd;W xJq;fpf; fple;jd
mNj fl;by;> “te;Jtpl;lhah
vd Vsdk; nra;jJ
NkYk; ,y;yhj fz;zPh;j;Jsp
Mo;e;j mDjhgk; vd
fPNo tpOe;jJ
Mk; kPzL;k; ehd; cwq;f ghh;f;fpNwd;
n[. uhN[;Fkhh;
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

34. ek;gpf;ifapy; efh;fpwJ tho;f;if
eP epidg;gnjy;yhk; elf;ftpy;iyah
mjw;fhf
epidg;gijNa epWj;jptplhNj
eP gbg;gnjy;yhk; gad;gltpy;iyah
mjw;fhf
gbg;gijNa epWj;jp tplhNj
eP Nfl;gnjy;yhk; fpilf;ftpy;iyah
mjw;fhf
Nfl;gijNa epWj;jptplhNj cd;
ciog;gpw;Nfw;g Cjpak; fpilf;ftpy;iyah
mjw;fhf
g+kp gue;J fplf;fp;dwJ
ciog;igNa epWj;jp tplhNj
g+kp gue;J fplf;fpd;wJ
eP elg;gjw;fhf
thdk; tphpe;J fplf;fpd;wJ
eP gwg;gjw;fhf
fly; fhj;Jf; fplf;fpd;wJ
eP ePe;Jtjw;fhf
vO
rpwif tphp
gwe;J nry; gha;e;J nry; tiue;J nry;
Vndd;why;
ek;gpf;ifapy;jhd;
......efh;fpwJ tho;f;if
n[. uhN[;Fkhh;
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

35. Ntshz; $L
fps;spapd;
Ntshz;ik $l;Lf;FO
,aw;ifNahL ,ize;j ,dpjha;
thOk; khzt gwitfs; jhq;fs;
vq;fs;
jha; gwitfsha; tpsq;Fgth;fNs
khpahijf;Fhpa Nguhrphpa ngUk;kf;fs;
,e;jf; $Ljhd; khzth;fshfpa
vq;fspd; tPL - ,J
cyfpw;Nf cztspf;Fk;’
tpQ;QhdKiw – tptrhaj;ij
fw;Wj;jUk; VL.
gj;J khjk; Rke;jJ jhapd; fUtiw
Mdhy;
gy Mz;Lfhyk; Rkf;fpwJ – vq;fs;
fy;Y}hpapd; fy;tpaiw
,J
khzth;fis caNu Vw;wptpLk;
Vzpaha;
kWfiu Nrh;f;Fk; Njhzpaha;
mwpT jhfk; jPh;f;Fk; Nfzpaha;
tpsq;Fk;
,t;Ntshz;ik fy;Y}hp
guzpapd; juzpapy; mike;J
fk;gPukha; fhl;rpaspf;fpfwJ - ,j;jifa

36. ngUikkpf;f fy;Y}hpap;y;
gapYK; khzth;fshfpa ehk;
rhjidfs; gy Ghpe;J
rhpj;jpuq;fs; gy gilj;J
cah;e;J nty;Nthk; tpz;Zf;F
,jd; %yk; ngUik
Nrh;g;Nghk; ,e;jpa kz;Zf;F
tho;f jkpo;
tsh;f Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hpapd; Gfo;.
gphpT
new;kzpfs; Kw;wpaJk;
tise;jJ
epyj;ij tpl;Lg;
gphpag; NghfpNwhNk
vd;w Vf;fj;jpy;.
tp.Rjhuhzp
fhf;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

37. fdT
vd; tpuypd; ];ghprk;
cidj; jPz;Lk;NghJ
eP NgrpaJ tapw;wiwapy;
vdf;Fg; Ghpe;jnjd
czh;e;jha;
gs;spg; gl;liwapd;
Kjy;ehs;
Mj;jpr;Rtb kwe;jNghjpd;
vd;idg; gphpe;j
mj;jUzj;jpd;
czh;r;rpj; jJk;gy;fis
,d;Wk;
kwf;ftpy;iyab
vd; fd;dj;jpy; Kj;jkpl;L
iffshy; mizj;J
ghh;itapy; ghrtag;ggLj;jpa
Kjy; ngz;zb eP
ngz;zpak; Kw;Wg;ngWtJ
jha;ikapy; - vd;
vz;zq;fs; Kw;Wg; ngWtJk;
cd;dpy;jhd;
ghh;j;jTld; kdjpd; rydq;fis mf;FNtuha;
MzpNtuha;r; nrhy;tnjg;gb.
vs;ssTk; epiy tYthJ
vidNa epidf;Fk;
Ngijg; ngz;Nz – cd;
fz;zPUk; fhak;
Jilf;Fk; kUe;jhdnjg;gb

38. rkaj;jpy;
cd; ghrj;ijg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;shjJk;
cz;ikjhd;
jz;zPhpy; tpLk; kPdpd;
fz;zPh; Nghy
tpLjpj; jPtpy;
cidg; gphpe;jhYk;
epidtha; te;J nry;thab
mh;j;jrhkj;jpy; mUNf
ePapy;iynad;whYk; eP
thq;fpj; je;j jiyaizia
kbnad epidj;J
cwq;fpaijAk; kwf;ftpy;iyab
md;Wjhd; czh;e;Njd;
ehd; vt;tsT Raeythjpnad
flTsplk; tuk; Nfl;lNghJ
cdf;fhf vJTk; Nfl;ftpy;iyab
vdf;fhf Nfl;Nld;
kWgpwtpapy; - cd; jhahf Ntz;Lnkd
fdtpy;
ghh;j;j rhujp
mjpraq;fs;

39. fhyk;
tsik xU fhyk;
tWik xU fhyk;
tsikapy; Mlf;$lhJ
tWikapy; Nrhh;e;J tplf;$lhJ
NkhfdfPu;j;jp
J}z;fs;

40. fy;Y}hp thry;
fy;Y}hp vd;Dk; thrypy;
ek; fdT vd;Dk; fjitj; jpwe;J
ntw;wp vd;Dk; nfhbia ehl;l
cwq;fhky; ciog;Nghk; cah;T ngWk; tiu
ed;wp nrhy;Nthk; ehk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu.
cah;T
tsUk; nghOjpy; Gj;jfk; tphpj;J
kyUk; fz;fis mjDs; gjpj;J
Kad;W gbj;jhy; Kjy;tuhfyhk;
md;id
fhl;by; ,Ug;gJ njd;id
tPl;by; ,Ug;gJ jpz;iz
J}uj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ nrd;id
ehk; tpUk;Gtnjy;yhk; jhNa cd;id
jpyftjp>
fhf;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

41. NghuhL
fisNahL
Nghuhb n[apf;Fk; gaphpy;jhd;
cztpUf;F
Njhy;tpNahL
Nghuhb n[apf;Fk; ntw;wpapy;jhd;
gykpUf;F
Kaw;rpNahL
Nghuhb n[apf;Fk; kdjpy;jhd;
rhjidapUf;F
ek;gpf;ifNahL
Nghuhb n[apf;Fk; kdpjdplk;jhd;
tho;tpUf;F;
fdfrghgjp
J}z;fs;

42. ,sikapy; fy;
Foe;ij njhopyhsp – Nthpy;yh Mykuj;jpd; xw;iw tpOJ
gUt fhw;wpy; jtwp ghisapy; tpOe;j tpij eP
eP ehisa ,e;jpahtpd; rpw;gp vd;gjhNyh
,d;Nw cd;id fl;ll Ntiyf;F mDg;gptpl;lhh;fs;
,sikapy; fy; vd;gjhNyh cd;
,siknay;yhk; fy;Yilj;Nj fopfpd;wJ.
,jakpy;yh kdpjh;fshy; ,Uk;ig
cilf;fpd;wd ,e;j thioj; jz;Lfs;
ahh; ,e;j gl;lhk; g+r;rpfspd; rpwFfspy;
ghuq;fw;fis Vw;wpaJ
INah ,e;j tsh;gpiw tho;nty;yhk; Nja;fpwNj
Rpyfhyk; gpQ;Rtpuy;fspy; eP gQ;Rnghjp Rke;jha;
Rz;zhk;G fhy;thapy; cd; tho;itAk; Ntf itj;jha;
cdf;fhf
fz;zPh;tpl;Nl rpte;jNjh #isapd; nrq;fw;fs;
eP tz;z tz;zkha; rhaNkw;wpdhYk;
cd; tho;tpd; epwNkh vd;Wk; rptg;gha;
Cnuy;yhk; kj;jhg;G cd; tpuy;fspy; tpj;ijahy;
cd; tho;tpy; vg;NghJ jPghtsp
tWikf;F Mirg;gl;L tuk; thq;fhJ ngw;wjhNyh
cd; md;id thliff;F tpw;whs; cd;id
V khdplh fzf;fpy;yhky; gps;is ngw;W
fy;Yilf;f mDg;gpdhy; ftiyfs; Ngha;tpLkh
,dp cyfpy; flTs; gpwe;jhy;
khbtPl;byd;wp khl;Lj; njhOtj;jpy; gpwf;fkhl;lhh;
gpwe;jhy; mtiuAk; njhopw;$lj;jpw;F mDg;gptpLthh;fs;
cd; fz;zPh; Jsp gl;L fy;Yk; fiuAk; fz;Nz
fy;Ys;sk; nfhz;Nlhhpd; neQ;rk;?
nt. Jh;fhNjtp
mjpraq;fs;

43. mopahj el;G
goFk; Kd; ‘ jdpik’
gofpa gpd; ‘ ,dpik’
gphpTk; vd;gJ ‘nfhLik’
gphpe;jhy; njhpAk; ‘el;gpd; ngUik’
mjdhy; el;G vd;Wk; moptjpy;iy
,uTk; gfYk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu
cd; fdTk;> epidTk; kiwahJ
vd; clYk; capUk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu
ek; el;G vd;Wk; mopahJ
g+ghyd;
mjpraq;fs;

44. Xyf;Fuy;
X ,aw;ifNa cdJ fypahl;lj;jpd; cr;rk;
ehq;fs; fz;l brk;gh; 26-2004
eP Mba Ml;lj;jpd; Xyf;Fuy;jhd; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk;
tpisahbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; rpWtd; tPL jpUk;GthNdh vd;W
fhj;jpUe;j jha;f;F eP je;j ghpR Xyf;Fuy;
mq;fhbf;Fr; nrd;w md;id mjpurj;Jld; tUthNsh vd;W
Mtyhf fhj;jpUe;j gpQ;RfSf;F eP je;j ghpR Xyf;Fuy;
flYf;Fr; nrd;w fztd; glF epiwa kPDld; tUthNdh vd;W
fhj;jpUe;j kidtpf;F eP je;j ghpR Xyf;Fuy;
jha;f;Fg; gpd; jhuk; vd;W jhuj;ijNa jhahf epidj;j
fztDf;F eP je;j ghpR Xyf;Fuy;
kdjpw;F kfpo;r;rpaspg;gha; vd;W cd;dplj;jpy; te;j
fhjyh;fSf;F eP je;j ghpR Xyf;Fuy;
,t;thW
ghh;j;j ,lnky;yhk; Xyf;Fuy; vOg;gptpl;L
xd;WNk njhpahjJNghy; cwq;FfpwhNa
md;idiag; Nghy; midtiuAk; mutizf;Fk; eP
fhydhf khwp ghrf; fapw;why; thhpf;nfhz;L
Nghd nfhLikjhd; vd;d?
fy;ypw;Fk; <uk; cz;L vd;ghh;fNs
cdJ cs;sk; fy;ypDk; fbdkhdNjh
kfd; gbj;J cah;thd; jd;idf; fhg;ghd; vd;w
ngw;Nwhhpd; fz;zPUf;F eP jUk; gjpy; vd;d
ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;J mdhijahd
gpQ;R neQ;rq;fSf;F eP jUk; gjpy; vd;d
fhynky;yhk; Nrh;e;J tho;Nthk; vd;w fdT
fhdyha; Nghd jk;gjpaUf;F eP jUk; gjpy; vd;d

45. jpUkzk; vg;NghJ vd;W fhj;jpUe;j fhjyhpd;
fdT> fdthfNt NghdNj mjw;F eP jUk; gjpy; vd;d
NghJk;
,e;j Nfhuj; jhz;ltj;jpd; Xyf;Fuy;>
fhjpd; topahf> cs;sj;ijf; fhag;gLj;Jk;
Xyf;Fuy; Xa;e;J Nghfl;Lk; ,j;Jld;
,aw;ifapd; fhyr;RtbypUe;J> ,aw;ifapdhy;
fhzhky; Nghd> vq;fs; rNfhju rNfhjhpfSf;F
,Njh- vq;fspd; fz;zPh; fhzpf;if
vk;. fpU;zrhkp
Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;
fhjy;
epoyha; ,Ue;jha;
ntapyha; tUfpwha;
capuha; ,Ue;jhy;
cwtha; tUfpwha;
fhw;wha; ,Ue;jhy;
kioaha; tUfpwha;
Nfhgkha; ,Ue;jhy;
re;Njhkha; tUfpwha;
md;Ng eP ,Ue;jhy;
vd;idNa ehd; kwe;JtpLfpNwd;
vk;. rptre;jpud; (J}z;fs;)

46. vdJ fz;zpy; fz;l fdT
fz;Zf;Fs; fz;Nld; mtis
nrq;FwpQ;rp kyh; Nghy; Njhd;wpdhs;
fhj;jpUf;Fk; fd;dp mts;jhd; vd;Nwd;
fw;gidfs; gy tsh;j;Njd;
fdtpy; Njhd;wpaJ fhjy; fpspNah (,y;iy)
vdJ fhyj;jpd; Nfhyf;fpspNah
,sikapd; CQ;rypNy Njhd;wpait ,dpf;Fk;
,dpj;jJ Njdha;
,dpikahf ghl;birj;jhs;
jkpopirapd; murp mtNsh
,d;dpirapd; Kbtpy; epd;Nwd;
fhjypd; Nfhyk; vd;Nwd;
fhj;jpU mq;Nf ehis vd;why; vdJ
fw;gidf;F vy;iy ,y;iy
fdTfs; VJk; kpr;rk; ,y;iy
$tpaJ Nrty;
tpopj;Njd;
kiwe;jhs; mts;
fh. uhN[;
mjpraq;fs;

47. ,d;iwa ,e;jpah
md;W fhe;jp ehl;L
kf;fSf;fhf cioj;jhh; - Mdhy;
,d;W ehl;L kf;fs;
fhe;jp Nehl;Lf;fhf ciof;fpd;wdh;.
V. rptuhkd;
J}z;fs;
el;G Jspfs;
el;ig ,jaj;jpy; Rkf;f Ntz;Lk;
Rikahf my;y Rfkhf
ey;yit elf;f ,jaj;jpy;
el;ig tpijf;f
ftiyia kiwf;f
epytpd; xspapy;
fly; miyapd; Xiria Nfs;
rp. gpughfud;
fhf;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs;

48. ngz;Nz nrhy;yptpL
Nkfk; fiue;Jtpl;lJ
thdk; ntsph;e;Jtpl;lJ
G+kp Fsph;e;Jtpl;lJ
kyh;fs; kyh;e;Jtpl;ld
G+f;fs; g+j;J tpl;ld
ngz;Nz nksdk; Ntz;lhk;
fhjiy nrhy;yptpL
vd;id thotpL
moF
fWg;G epw gw;fs;
nts;is epw Kb
mofha; ,Uf;fpwhh;
nefl;bt;tpYk;

49. kwe;Njd; vd;idNa
Rl;nlhpf;Fk; #hpaDk; $l
xU J}rpjhd;
eP Nfhgkha; ghh;f;Fk;
ghh;itahy;
rpy;nyd;w ,utpd; ,Ul;L$l
ghjp ,y;iy
miytPRk; cd; kapy;Njhif
$e;jyhy;
Fapy; $l kwe;JNghFk;
jd; Fuiy
eP NgRk; koiyg;
Ngr;rpdhy;
khd; $l epWj;jptpLk;
jhd; elg;gij
eP Js;spj; Js;sp
elg;gjhy;
ehd; vd;idNa kwe;Njd;
vjphpy; eP
tUtjhy;...
vk;. fhh;j;jpfh Njtp
mjpraq;fs;

51. JZf;Ffs;
N`hl;lypy; Ntiy ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jth; Gjpjhf g+r;rpkUe;J filapy;
Ntiyf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhh;. mthplk;
tptrhap : jk;gp NkhNdhFNuhl;Nlhgh]; ,Uf;fhf?
N`hl;lypy; Ntiy ghh;j;jth;: ,Uf;F rhh;. rhg;gplth ,y;y ghh;ryh?
tptrhap : ???
uNk; : vq;f tPl;y ‘kpy;f;’I g+id Fbr;rpUr;rp
RNu;: ‘Nfl;”lh Fbr;rpJ
uNk;: ,y;y Nfl;fhk Fbr;rpUr;rp
Nehahsp 1 : ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j M];gj;jphpapy nuhk;g mepahak; gz;whq;f
Nehahsp 2 : vd;d Mr;R?
Nehahsp 1 : lhf;liu [d;dy; topah ghh;j;jJf;Nf gP]; thq;fpl;lhq;f
,u. rutzf;Fkhh;
mjpraq;fs;

52. fzpjg;Gjph;
Gj;jpyf;f vz;fspy; 5y; KbtilAk; vz;iz ngUf;f vspa Kiw
1. cjhuzk;; 75 75My; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;
,uz;L vz;Zk; xd;whf ,Ug;gjhy; Kjypy; 25 Nghl;Ltpl;L Nkny cs;s
gj;jpyf;f vz;Zld; xd;W 4l;b fPNo cs;s vz;Zld; ngUf;fpdhy; tpil
fpilf;Fk;.
(gj;jpyf;f vz; 7 xd;iw $l;bdhy; 7 1 8
8 cld; 7I ngUf;f 56 fpilf;Fk;)
75 75 5625
2. ,uz;L vz;Zf;Fk; 10 tpj;jpahrk; vd;why; Kjypy; 75I Nghl;L
Nkw;$wpathW nra;a Ntz;Lk;
3. (7 1 8 8 6 48)
4. 75
5. 45
6. 4875
3. 20 tpj;jpahrk;
,uz;L vz;Zf;Fk; 20 tpj;jpahrk; vd;why; Kjypy;y 25I Nghl;L gj;jpyf;f
vz;Zld; xd;iwf;$l;b mjid fPnP cs;s vz;zhy; ngUf;fp tUk;
tpilAld; xd;iw $l;bg; Nghl Ntz;Lk;.
(7 1 8 8 5 40)
75
55
4125
4. ,uz;Lf;Fk; 30 tpj;jpahrk; vd;why; Similar to 20 tpj;jpahrk; Mdhy; 25
gjpyhf 75I NghlNtz;Lk;.
(7 1 8 8 4 32 1 33)
75
45
3375
Nf. G+ghyd;
mjpraq;fs;

53. ;
21 E}w;whz;bd; fpoikfis
fz;lwpAk; Kiw
xU tUlj;jpy; VNjDk; xU Njjpia Fwpg;gpl;lhy; mjd; fpoikia kpf vspjhf
fz;Lgpof;f Xh; vspa top. Njjpfis fz;Lgpbf;f xt;nthU khjj;Jf;Fk;
gpd;tUk; Nfhl; (code) vz;iz gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Jan, Oct 1 May 2
Feb, Mar, Nov 4 June 5
Apr, July 0 Sep, Dec 6
Aug 3
cjhuzkhf 13.12.06 vd;d fpoik vd;gij fz;L gpbf;fyhk;. –
Kjypy; tUlj;ij 4-My; tFf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tUlk; :06/4
<T : 1
khjf; NfhL vz; : 6
Njjp : 13
$l;ly:; 26
nkhj;j $l;liy 7-My; tFf;f fpilf;Fk; kPjp vz;iz nfhz;L Njjpfis
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
kPjp 202te;jhy; : nts;sp
kPjp 212te;jhy; : rdp
kPjp 222te;jhy; :::::: QhapW
kPjp 232te;jhy; : jpq;fs;
kPjp 242te;jhy; : nrt;tha;
kPjp 252te;jhy; : Gjd;
kPjp 262 te;jhy; : tpahod;
$l;ly; = 26 = 5
77
kPjp 5 tUtjhy; 13.12.06 md;W Gjd; fpoik

55. KUfk;khs;
J}z;fs;

56. NrhidKj;J
(mjpraq;fs;);

57. fNdrz;
J}z;fs;

59. nre;jpy;
(mjpraq;fs;);

60. ed;wp
“ed;wp kwg;gJ ed;wd;W”
,e;j Kj;jkpo; tpoh kyh;- “jkpoUtp” FWe;jfL
ntspapLtjw;Fg; ngupJk; Cf;fk; je;J ,e;j Kaw;rpia Cf;Ftpj;J mzpe;Jiu
toq;fpa ekJ fy;Y}up Kjy;th; mth;fSf;F mjpraq;fspd; rhh;ghf vq;fsJ
ed;wpiar; rkh;gpf;fpNwhk;.
,e;j kyUf;F tho;j;Jiu toq;fp vq;fis Cf;Ftpj;J NkYk;
vq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd midj;J cjtpfSk; toq;fp ,e;j kyu; ntw;wp kyuhf
kyu cjtpa khztu; kd;w MNyhrfu ;mth;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;w
MNyhrfu ;mth;fSf;Fk; vq;fsJ ed;wpia cupj;jhf;FfpNwhk;.
,e;j kyu; ntw;wp kyuhf kyu cjtpa midj;J Nguhrpupag;
ngUkf;fSf;Fk; vq;fsJ ed;wpia njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.
fw;gid eakpf;f ftpijfisAk;> vopy;kpF Xtpaq;fisAk;
gilj;J mspj;j khztu;fshfpa Msg;gpwe;jtu;fs;> fhf;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs; kw;Wk;
J}z;fSf;Fk; vq;fspd; kdkhu;e;j ed;wpfs;...
,e;j Kaw;rpapy; cjtpa midj;J cs;sq;fSf;Fk; vq;fsJ
ed;wp. ,dptUk; fhyq;fspYk; ,e;j Kaw;rpiaj; njhlUkhW
Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.
ed;wp..
,tz;
mjpraq;fs;

61. jkpo; ,yf;fpa kd;wk;
Ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;
fps;spFsk; - 628 252.