KURUVAI PADDY IN TAMILNADU

1. FWit gUtj;jpy; ney; rhFgb
jkpofj;jpy; ney; rhFgb xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ruhrhpahf 20 ,yl;rk;
vf;lh; gug;gstpy; gaphplg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpofj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf tpOg;Guk;>
ehfg;gl;bzk;> jpUth&h;> jQ;rhT+h;> jpUtz;zhkiy Nghd;w
khtl;lq;fspy; mjpfg; gug;gstpy; ney; gaphplg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
jkpofj;jpy; ney; rhFgb ehw;W elT kw;Wk; Neub ney;
tpijg;G Kiwfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Mbg;gl;lj;jpy; Nkw;F>
tlNkw;F kw;Wk; njw;F kz;lyj;jpy; fhh; gUtj;jpYk;> fhtphp ghrd
kz;lyj;jpy; FWit gUtj;jpYk; rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
Þóèƒèœ
Mbg;gl;l ney; rhFgbf;F FWfpa fhy ,ufq;fs;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. FWfpa fhy ,ufq;fshd Nfh 51> MLJiw 53>
MLJiw 45> MLJiw 43> mk;ig 16> mk;ig 18> MLJiw 36>
MLJiw 37> vk;bA 5> I.Mh; 50> Nfh 47> bgpv]; 5> bNfvk; 9 Mfpa
,ufq;fs; rhFgb nra;ag;gLk; kz;lyj;jpw;F Vw;g ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
MLJiw 36
ntspapl;L 40 Mz;LfshfpAk; ,d;Wk; rhFgbapy; ,Uf;Fk;.
,ufk; MLJiw 36 Neub tpijg;gpw;Fk; cfe;jJ. rhahj jd;ik
nfhz;lJ. jkpo; ehl;by; ney; gaphplg;gLk; midj;J ,lq;fSf;Fk;
cfe;jJ. ,e;j ,ufk; jphpNtzp> kw;Wk; I. Mh;.20 vd;w ,uz;L
,ufq;fis ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. vf;lUf;F ruhrhpahf
5.5 Kjy; 5.9 ld; tpisr;ry; juty;yJ. kj;jpk rd;d jhdpa mikg;ig

2. nfhz;l ,e;j ,ufj;jpd; kzpfspd; Mapuk; kzp vil 20.9 fpuhk; ,jd;
rpwg;G. Fiy Neha; kw;Wk; GifahDf;F vjph;g;Gj; jpwd; nfhz;lJ.
MLJiw 37
105-110 ehl;fs; taJila MLJiw 37 ,ufk; p.8280-12> kw;Wk;
gpgpb 33 vd;w ,ufq;fis ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Fl;il
gUkd; jhdpa mikg;gigf; nfhz;l ,e;j ,ufj;jpd; ney; kzpfspd;
Mapuk; kzp vil 23.4 fpuhk.; ,iyfs; ey;y fUk;gr;irahfTk;
,iyfs; nrq;Fj;jhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. fjph;fspy; kzpfs; mlh;j;jpahf
,Uf;Fk;. ,iyg;Gs;sp Neha;> FiyNeha;> Gifahd;> gr;ir
jj;Jg;G+r;rpf;F> vjph;g;Gj; jpwDk; ,iyf;fUfy; Neha;> Midf;nfhk;gd;>
,iyr; RUl;LGOtpw;F kj;jpk vjph;g;Gj; jpwDk; cilaJ. vf;lUf;F 5.8
– 6.2 ld;fs; tiu tpisr;riy juf;$baJ. ,jw;F tpij cwf;f fhyk;
60 ehl;fs; cz;L.
MLJiw 43
1998- k; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;l MLJiw 43>
nry;yg;nghd;dp> mjprag; nghd;dp> FWitg;nghd;dp> Byf;]; nghd;dp> vd
gyngah;fspy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J I.Mh;.50> nts;isg; nghd;dp vd;w
,ufq;fis ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ufk;
jkpofnkq;Fk; mjpf mstypy; FWit kw;Wk; jhsbapy; mjpfk;
gaphpglg;gLfpwJ. tptrhapfs;> Efh;Nthh;fs;> tpahghhpfs;> muitahsh;fs;
Mfpa midthpd; Njitiag; G+h;j;jp nra;af;$ba tpUk;gj;jf;f
Fzhjpaq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. 110-115 ehl;fs; taJila> epiwa
Jhh;f;fl;Lk; jpwDilaJ. gr;irjj;Jg; G+r;rpfs; vjph;g;Gk; Midf;
nfhk;gDf;Fk; tay; epiyapy; eLj;ju vjph;g;Gk; nfhz;lJ. vf;lUf;F
ruhrhpahf 6.0 ld; tpisaf; $baJ. fjph;fspy; kj;jpk rd;d ney;
kzpfs; myryhf fhzg;gLk;. Mapuk; kzpfspd; vil 15.5 fpuhk; MFk;.

3. MLJiw 45
twl;rpiar; rw;W jhq;fp tsuf;$ba 110 ehl;fs; taJila ney;
,ufk; MLJiw 45 MdhJ . I.Mh;.50 kw;Wk; MLJiw 37
,ufq;fSld; ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. fjph;fspy; kzpfs;
neUf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kj;jpk rd;d kzpfs;;> Mapuk; kzpfspd; vil 17.5
fpuhk;> FWit> jhsb kw;Wk; Nfhilf; fhyq;fspy; gaphpl cfe;j ,e;j
,ufj;jpd; tpisr;ry; vf;lUf;f 6.2 ld;fs; MFk;. Midf;nfhk;gDf;F
vjph;g;Gj; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. GifahDf;F kpjkhd vjph;g;Gj; jpwd;
nfhz;lJ.
Nfh.51
Nfh. 51 vd;w ,ufk; 2013 Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j
,ufk; 110 ehl;fspy; vf;lUf;F 6.6 ld; tpisr;ry; juty;yJ. MLJiw
43> Mh;.Mh;.272> 1745 Mfpa ,ufq;fis xl;L Nrh;j;J Njh;T
nra;ag;gl;lJ. kj;jpk rd;d kzpfisf; nfhz;l ney; kzpfspd; Mapuk;
kzpfs; vil 16 fpuhk; MFk;. ePz;l new;fjpUk;> new;fjphpd; ruhrhp ePsk;
23 ypUe;J 28 nr.kP xU fjpUf;F 250 Kjy; 300 ney; kzpfisAk;
nfhz;lJ. G+r;rp Neha; jhf;FjYf;F vjph;g;G jd;ik cilaJ.
V.v];.b.16
,l;yp Fz;L vd nry;yg;ngahpy; miof;fg;gLk;. ,e;j ,ufk; ADT
31 kw;Wk; Nfh 39 ,ufq;fis ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 110-
115 ehl;fs; taJila ,e;j ,ufk; eLj;ju Fl;ilapuhf ePz;L tsUk;.
xU vf;lUf;F ruhrhpah 5600 fpNyh kfR+y; juty;yJ. rpwpa Fz;L
kzpfs; jhdpa mikg;igf; nfhz;l ,e;j ,ufj;jpd; Mapuk; kzpfs;
vil 24.2 fpuhk; Fiy Neha;f;F vjph;g;Gj; jpwd; nfhz;lJ.
MLJiw 53
MLJiw 53 vd;w Gjpa ney; ,ufk; vBb 43 kw;Wk; n[[p vy; 384
fyg;gpy; ,Ue;J tk;rhtop Njh;T %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 105 Kjy;
110 ehs;fs; taJila ,e;j FWfpa fhy ney; ,ufk; fhtphpg; ghrdg;

4. gFjpfs; kl;Lky;yhky;> midj;J ney; gaphplg;gLk; gFjpfSf;Fk;
FWit kw;Wk; Nfhil gUtq;fspy; gaphpl Vw;wJ. rhahj jd;ik
nfhz;l fr;rpjkhd nrb mikg;g kw;Wk; neUf;fkhd fjph;fisf;
nfhz;lJ. eLj;ju kj;jpa Vd;d mhprpiaf; nfhz;l ,e;j ,ufj;jpd;
kzpfspd; Mapuk; ney; kzpfspd; vil 14.5 fpuhk;. xU Vf;fUf;F 6.3
ld;fs; tiu tpisr;ry; juty;y ,e;j ,ufk; g+r;rp Neha; jhf;FjYf;F
vjph;g;G jd;ik cilaJ. Fwpg;ghf gr;ir jj;J g+r;rp> Gifahd Mfpa
g+r;rpfSf;Fk;> Fiy Neha;f;Fk; kpjkhd vjph;g;Gj; jpwd; cs;sJ.
MLJiw 48
,J kpf FWfpa fhy ,ufk;> 95 ehl;fspy; Vf;fUf;F 4.8 ld;
tpisr;ry; juty;yJ. ,e;j ,ufk; I.,b 11412 I.Mh; 64 vd;w ,U
,ufq;fisAk; ,df;fyg;G nra;J cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. eLj;ju rd;d
,uf jhdpa mikg;igf; nfhz;Ls;s ,e;j ,ufj;jpd; Mapuk; kzpfspd;
vil 22.0 fpuhk; MFk;. ,jd; rpwg;G gz;G Kd;gUtj;jpw;F> Vw;wJ.
gr;irj; jj;Jg;g+r;rp> Midf;nfhk;gd;> jz;Lj;Jisg;ghDf;F vjph;g;Gj;
jpwd; nfhz;lJ.
- 53:
.
(115 - 120 ) .
.
3,866 .

5. ïì¾ º¬ø
jkpofj;jpy; Mbg;gl;lj;jpy; ney; elT> rhjhuz elT Kiw
(Conventional method), jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiw (SRI) kw;Wk; ,ae;jpu
elT (Machine Planting) Kiwfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
rhjhuz elT Kiwapy; xU vf;lUf;F 20 nrd;l; ehw;whq;fhy;
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
FWfpa fhy ,ufq;fs; vd;why; xU vf;lUf;F 60 fpNyh tpij
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. FWfpa fhy ,ufq;fSf;F> gaph;
,ilntsp 20 x 10 nr.kP. vd;w mstpYk;>
18 Kjy; 22 ehs; taJila ehw;Wf;fs;; gaphpl ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiw mjpf kio nghopahj ,lq;fspYk;>
NkL gs;sq;fs; ,d;wp> taiy rkd; nra;j epyq;fspYk;>
Mbg;gl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiwapy; gha; ehw;whq;fhy; guhkhpg;gpy; xU
vf;lUf;F 2.5 nrd;l; (100 kP2) Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
NkYk;> tpij xUvf;lUf;F 5 Kjy; 7 fpNyh tiu NghJkhdJ.
gaph; ,ilntsp 25 x 25 nr.kP. vd;w mstpYk;>
14 ehl;fs; taJila ,sehw;Wf;fs; gaphpl ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
«ïó® M¬îŠ¹ º¬ø
 Neub ney; tpijg;G Kiwapy; Nrw;W tay; Neub tpijg;G Kiw
Mbg;gl;l rhFgbapy; ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ.
 Ms; gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; ehw;whq;fhy; jahh; nra;a ,ayhj
fhyq;fspy; Neub ney; tpijg;G Kiwapy; rhFgb
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

6.  epyj;ij ed;F rkd; nra;J> kz; kiwa> Fiwthf ePh; itj;J
Neub tpijg;gpidf; ifahsyhk;.
 NrWk; rfjpAkhd R+o;;epiyapy; cUis tpijg;ghd; nfhz;Lk;
tpijg;G nra;ayhk;.
 xU vf;lUf;F 60 fpNyh tpij ghpe;Jiu nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
àó G˜õ£è‹
 ehw;W elT Kiwapy; FWfpa fhy ,ufq;fSf;F nghJg;
ghpe;Jiuahf fhtphpg;gFjp kw;Wk; Nkw;F kz;lyq;fSf;F
150 : 50 : 50 fpNyh jior;rj;J> kzpr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy;
rj;Jf;fs; xU vf;lUf;F ghpe;Jiu nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
,ju kz;lyq;fSf;F 120 : 40 : 40 fpNyh vd;w mstpy;
jior;rj;J> kzpr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fs; ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
kzpr;rj;J KOtJk; mbAukhf ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.
jior;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis ehd;F rkghfq;fshf
gphpj;J mbAuk;> J}h;fl;Lk; gUtk;> fjph; cUthFk; gUtk; kw;Wk;
fjph; ntsptUk; jUzq;fspy; ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.
Nrw;W taypy; Neub tpijg;gpy; Nkw;$wpa cu msTfNs ghpe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
kzpr;rj;J KOtJk; mbAukhf ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.
jior;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J ,uz;ilAk; 25 rjtpfpjq;fshfg;
gphpj;J tpijj;J 21 ehl;fs;> J}h;gpbf;Fk; gUtk;> G+q;fjph;
cUthFk; gUtk; kw;Wk; fjph; ntsptUk; gUtq;fspy; ,Ljy;
Ntz;Lk;.
 ,iytz;z ml;il %yk; jior;rj;J eph;thfk; Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.
,iyapy; gr;ira msit kjpg;gpl;L elT el;l 14 Mk;
ehspypUe;J my;yJ tpijj;j 21 Mk; ehspypUe;J gpd;gw;w
Ntz;Lk;. jior;rj;J 40 fpNyh xU vf;lUf;F vd;w mstpy;

7. ,iytz;z ml;il mstPl;L vz; 4f;F fPo; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
mspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cOJ rkd; nra;ag;gl;l taypy; elTf;F Kd; 25 fpNyh [pq;f;
ry;Ngl; Ez;Z}l;lr; rj;jpid 50 fpNyh cyh;e;j kzYld;
fye;J kz;zpd; Nkw;gug;gpy; ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk; my;yJ 25 fpNyh
jkpo;ehL Ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fof Ez;Z}l;lr; rj;J
fyitapid Cl;lNkw;wpa njhO cuj;Jld; fye;J ,Ljy;
Ntz;Lk;.
eLepiyahd kw;Wk; Rz;zhk;G jd;ikAila kz; tiffSf;F
[pg;rk; 500 fpNyh vd;w mstpy; filrp cotpd; NghJ ,Ljy;
Ntz;Lk;.
,iytop cukhf ney; fjph; cUthFk; jUzj;jpYk;> 10 ehl;fs;
fopj;J kPz;Lk; xU KiwAk;> 1 rjtpfpj A+hpah> 2 rjtpfpj bVgp
kw;Wk; 1 rjtpfpj %hpNal; Mg; nghl;lh~; xl;L nkhj;j $l;L cuf;
fiuriy njspf;fyhk;.
c˜ G˜õ£è‹
 rhjhuz elT Kiw kw;Wk; jpUe;jpa ney; rhFgb Kiwfspy;
Kjy; 10 ehl;fSf;F kz; kiwa ePh;g; gha;r;Rjy; kpfTk;
mtrpakhFk;.
 mjd; gpd;dh;> 1 mq;Fy cauj;jpw;F (2.5 nr.kP.) 1 ePh; fl;b
kiwa kz;zpy; rpW fPwy;fs; Vw;gLk; jUzk; mLj;j Kiw ePh;g;
gha;r;Rjy; Ntz;Lk;.
 ,k;Kiw G+q;fjph; cUthFjy; Kjy; gaph; gUtk; tiu
gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. G+q;fjph; cUthdjpw;Fg; gpd; 2 mq;Fyk; (5

8. nr.kP.) mstpw;F ePh;g; gha;r;rp fl;ba ePh; kiwe;jTld; kPz;Lk; ePh;g;
gha;r;Rjy; Ntz;Lk;.
 Nrw;W taypy; Neub ney; tpijg;G Kiwapy; tpijj;j 18 Kjy;
24 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; jz;zPh; tbf;fg;gl;L tpij Kisf;f
fhw;Nwhl;lk; juNtz;Lk;.
 jz;zPh; Fopfspy; Njq;fp epw;fhjthW ghj;jp mikg;Gk;> ePh;
eph;thfKk; nra;jply; Ntz;Lk;.
 tpijj;j %d;W Kjy; Ie;J ehl;fs; tiu ePh; fl;LtJ jz;zPh;
Njq;fp epw;fhjthW mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
 ePhpd; cauk; Ie;J ehspypUe;J rpwpJ rpwpjhf ehw;wpd; tsh;r;rpiag;
nghUj;J cah;j;jyhk;. mjpfgl;rkhf xU mq;Fy Mok; (2.5 nr.kP.)
tiu ePh;g; gha;r;RtJ kpfTk; rpwe;jjhFk;.
 nghJthf gaphpd; Muk;g tsh;r;rp gUtj;jpw;F gpwF> fha;r;rYk;>
gha;r;rYk; Kiwapy; (Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation - AWDI)
ePh; fl;Ltjd; %yk; 30 rjtpfpjk; tiu ePhpid Nrkpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.
è¬÷ G˜õ£è‹
ney; rhFgbapy; fis eph;thfk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. elTg;
gaphpy; fisfspdhy; 34 rjtpfpj tpisr;ry; ,og;Gk;> Neub ney;
tpijg;gpy; 60 rjtpfpj tiu tpisr;ry; ,og;Gk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt>
ney; rhFgbapy;> Fwpg;gpl;l gUtk; tiu gaph; tsh;r;rpf;Fj; Njitahd
#o;epiyia cUthf;fp> fisfspd; vz;zpf;ifia Fiwg;gNj
xUq;fpize;j fis eph;thf KiwahFk;. mjhtJ> cotpay; kw;Wk;
gaph; rhFgb Kiwfs;> fUtp kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuf; fisnaLg;G
Kiwfs;> ,urhad fisf;fl;Lg;ghL Kiwfs; kw;Wk; caphpay;
Kiwfis ifahz;L fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ xUq;fpize;j fis
eph;thf KiwfshFk;.
ehw;W elT tay;fspy; fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j fis Kisf;Fk;
Kd; njspf;Fk; fisf; nfhy;ypahd G+l;lhFNshh; vf;lUf;F 2.5
ypl;lh; my;yJ

9. ngd;ry;/A+uhd;kPijy; gphpl;byhf;FNshh; fyit vf;lUf;F 10
fpNyh vd;w mstpy; 30 fpNyh cyh;e;j kzYld; elT nra;j 3
my;yJ 4k; ehs; kz; kiwa rpwpa msT ePh; epWj;jp taypy; J}tp
tpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
ePh; tbj;jNyh> fl;LjNyh mLj;j ,uz;L ehl;fSf;F jtph;j;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
gpwF> fis Kisj;jg; gpd;G ,Lk; fisf; nfhy;ypahd (mjhtJ
fisfs; 2 my;yJ 3 ,iyg;gUtj;jpy;) gp];ighpghf; Nrhbak;
vf;lUf;F 200 kp.yp. vd;w mstpy; njspj;J fisfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
Neub ney; tpijg;G Kiwapy; fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
gphpl;byhf;FNshh; vf;lUf;F 1.5 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; tpijg;G
nra;j 8 tJ ehs; 50 fpNyh cyh;e;j kzYld; fye;J taypy;
J}tp tpLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ePh; tbj;jNyh> fl;LjNyh mLj;j ,uz;L
ehl;fSf;F jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
gpwF> fis Kisj;jg; gpd; ,Lk; fisf; nfhy;ypahd (mjhtJ
fisfs; xNu Nghy; cs;sJ> 2 my;yJ 3 ,iyg;gUtj;jpy;)
gp];ighpghf; Nrhbak; vf;lUf;F 200 kp.yp. vd;w mstpy; njspj;J
fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
g{r;rp nkyhz;ik

10. FUj;Jg; g{r;rp
bghUshjhu nrj epiy
xU rJu kPl;lUf;F ,uz;L Kl;ilf; Ftpay;fs;.
fha;e;j eLf;FUj;J - 10 rjk; btz;fjph; - 2 rjk;
g[ugndhgh!; - 1000 kpyp
(m) gh!;nghkplhd; - 1250 kpyp (m)
g[Sbgd;oikL - 50 kpyp (m)
fhh;lhg; iQl;nuhFnshiuL 15 fpnyh
tpsf;Fg;bghwp mikj;jy; (khiy 6 kzp Kjy; ,ut[ 11 kzp
tiu).
eLtjw;F Kd; ehw;Wf;fspd; Edpiaf; fps;sp Kl;ilf;
Ftpay;fis mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.

11. Midf;bfhk;gd;
bghUshjhu nrjepiy
bt';fha ,iyr; nrjk; 10 rjk;.
gpnsl;onf!;lh; xiunr vDk; g[G xl;Lz;zp ,aw;ifapnyna ,g;g{r;rpiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
bghUshjhu nrj epiy vl;oat[ld; fPH;f;fhqk; g{r;rpf;bfhy;ypfspy;
VnjDk; xd;iw xU vf;lUf;Fj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
gh!;nghkplhd; 1250 kpyp. (m)
Fapdhy;gh!; 1000 kpyp.

12. ,iy klf;Fg; g[G
bghUshjhu nrjepiy
,iyr;nrjk; tsh;r;rpg; gUtj;jpy; - 10 rjk;
g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; - 5 rjk;
bghUshjhu nrjepiyia mile;jt[ld; fPH;f;fhqk; g{r;rpf; bfhy;ypfSs;
VnjDk; xd;iw xU vf;lUf;Fj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
Fnshh;ighpgh!; -1250 kpyp (m)
g[[ugndhgh!; -1000 kpyp (m)
gh!;nghkplhd; -1250 kpyp (m
ilFnshh;th!; -625 kpyp (m)
fhh;lhg; iQl;nuhFnshiuL 15 fpnyh

13. g[ifahd;
 g{r;rpfs; J}h;fspd; mog;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;J bfhz;L rhw;iw
cwp";Rtjhy; gaph; k";rs; epwkhf khWk;
 gpd;dh; gGg;g[ epwkhf khWk;. ,J jj;Jg;g{r;rp vupg;g[ vdg;gLk;.
 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tay; M';fh';nf tl;l tl;lkhfg; g[ife;jJ nghyf]
fhzg;gLk;..
bghUshjhu nrj epiy
 J}Uf;F xU g{r;rp
 J}hpy; rpye;jp fhzg;gl;lhy; J}Uf;F 2 g{r;rpfs;
tpsf;Fg;bghwpia mikj;J jha;g;g{r;rpfspd; elkhl;lj;ijf;
fz;fhzpj;J mHpf;fyhk;.
k";rs; epw xl;Lg;bghwpfis vf;lUf;F 12 vd;w mstpy; mikf;fyhk;.

14. bghUshjhu nrj epiyia vl;oat[ld; fPH;f;fqk; g{r;rpf;
bfhy;ypfSs; VnjDk; xd;iw xU vf;lUf;Fj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 ntg;g vz;bza; 3 rjk; (m)
 jakpjhf;rk; 100 fpuhk; (m)
 ,kplhFnshgpupl; 100 kpyp (m)
 gh!;nghkplhd; 1250 kpyp (m)
 ilFnshh;th!; 625 kpyp
,iyg;ngd;
bghUshjhu nrjepiy
nkirg;ge;Jkl;il 5 tPr;Rf;F 25 g{r;rpfs; ; my;yJ
10 rj ehw;Wfspy; ,uz;L Edp ,iyfspy; d;wpy; xU gFjp my;yJ
rk ghjp mst[ ,iyfs; RUl;lg;gl;oUj;jy;.
 gh!;nghkplhd; 600 kpyp (m
 ) nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; (36 SL) 500 kpyp (m)
gr;irj; jj;Jg;g{r;rp

15. bghUshjhu nrjepiy
25 tiy tPr;rpw;F - 60 gr;rpfs; my;yJ
tsh;r;rpg; gUtj;jpy; - Fj;jpw;F 5 gr;rpfs; my;yJ
gf;Fk; gUtj;jpy; - Fj;jpw;F 10 gr;rpfs; my;yJ
J';nuh neha; fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy; - Fj;jpw;F 2 gr;rpfs;
bghUshjhu nrj epiyia mile;jt[ld; fPH;f;fhqk;gr;rpf;bfhy;ypfSs;
VnjDk; xd;iw xU vf;lUf;Fj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
g[ugndhgh!; - 1000 kpyp (m)
jakpjhf;rk; - 100 fpuhk; (m)
,kplhFnshgpupl; - 100 kpyp (m)
xU';fpize;j g{r;rp nkyhz;ik
 nfhil cHt[ bra;jy; g{r;rp vjph;g;g[j;jpwd; tha;e;j ,uf';fisg;
gaphpLjy;
 vl;lof;F 2 mo ,ilbtsp tpl;L gj;jp elt[ bra;jy;
 kz; Ma;t[ ghpe;Jiu go jiHr;rj;J ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;
 tay;fs; fisapd;wp Rj;jkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;
 jz;zPiu njf;fp toj;jy;
 gwit ,Uf;iffs; mikj;jy;
 tpsf;Fg; bghwp (,ut[ 7-10 kzp tiu) itj;Jg; g{r;rpfisf; fth;e;J
mHpj;jy
 ; ,df;fth;r;rpg;bghwp vf;lUf;F 12 itj;J FUj;Jg; g{r;rp fisf;
fth;e;J mHpj;jy; Mfpa Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;WtJ mtrpak;.
 ntg;gk; gUg;g[ rhW 5 rjk; bjspj;jy;
 oiuf;nfhfpuk;kh $g]ghdpf;fk; Kl;il xl;Lz;zp (5 rprp/ vf;lh;) elt[
el;l 30/ 37/ 44 k; ehs; btspapl;L; FUj;Jg; g{r;rp Kl;ilfis mHpj;jy;.

16.  oiuf;nfhfpuk;kh ifnyhdp!; vf;lUf;F 5rprp elt[ el;l 37/ 44/ 51 Mk;
ehs; btspapl;L; ,iy klf;Fg;g[G Kl;ilfis mHpj;jy;.
 ed;ik bra;a[k; g{r;rpfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; bghUshjhu nrj epiy
mwpe;J Kiwahd g{r;rpf; bfhy;ypfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Mfpa
Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;.

17. Thank you