3. History
1817 to 1819: the draisine or velocipede
1820s to 1850s: an era of 3 and 4-wheelers
1860s and the Michaux
1870s: the high-wheel bicycle
The safety bicycle: 1880s and 1890s
20th century
13. Assembling the Components
• Derailleurs and gear shift levers
• Handlebars, stems, and headsets
• Brakes
• Saddles and seat posts
• Crank sets
• Wheels, tires, and hubs
14. Quality Control
• ISO 5775-1:1997
ISO 5775-1 covers the safety specification, tire dimensions and test methods for bicycle tires.
• ASTM F2711-08
ASTM F2711-08 covers the specifications for bicycle frames. The test methods included in these
standards establish compression tolerance, bending tolerance, impact resistance, horizontal
and vertical load capacity, and tensile strength life.
• JIS D 9451:2007
The Japanese Standards Association created JIS D9451 to cover the manufacturing
requirements and test methods for bicycle bells.
• ASTM F1447-06
The American Society for Testing and Materials International F1447-06 standard covers the
safety and performance requirements for helmets manufactured for recreational bicycle riding.
• ASTM F2032-06
ASTM F2032-06 applies to BMX cycling helmets. The test methods on this standard require
higher impact testing results compared to helmets used in recreational biking.