The document discusses hypertension or high blood pressure. It defines hypertension as a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher. It describes the different types and classifications of hypertension. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, lack of exercise, too much salt, stress etc. Symptoms are often absent but may include headaches and vision problems. Complications can include heart disease, stroke and kidney disease if left uncontrolled. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication if needed. The goal is to control blood pressure to reduce health risks.

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WORLD HYPERTENSION DAY
17TH MAY, 2016
THEME:
“KNOW YOUR NUMBERS”
PRESENTER: DR .A.BRAIDE-LOLOMARI

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OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION OF HYPERTENSION
 TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
 CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERTENSION
 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
HYPERTENSION
 SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTENSION
 COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERTENSION
 TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
 PREVENTION/ CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION
 CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION
• Globally 45% adult above 25years
• Modern lifestyle factors are responsible
for the growing burden of hypertension.
• In 2010, hypertension was believed to
have been a factor in 18% (9.4 million
deaths).
• In Nigeria about 7.2million People are
Hypertensive
• 50-80% are unaware

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DEFINITION OF
HYPERTENSION
• Persistently elevated blood pressure of
140/90mmHg or higher.
Upper value is the systolic (the pressure as
the heart pumps blood around the body.
Lower value is the diastolic(the pressure
when the heart relaxes and fills with
blood).
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TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
 PRIMARY (ESSENTIAL). No known cause but can
be associated with genetic variations, aging,
environmental causes, high salt intake, obesity,
stress, lack of exercise. It accounts for about 90-
95% of hypertension.
 SECONDARY (5 – 10%). This can be from
Glomerulonephritis, Renal artery stenosis,
Phaechromocytoma, Cushings syndrome, use of
certain medications, etc.
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CLASSIFICATION
CATEGORY SYSTOLIC BP DIASTOLIC BP
OPTIMAL BP < 120mmHg < 75mmHg
Normal BP 120- 129mmHg 75-84mmHg
High normal BP 130- 139mmHg 85- 89mmHg
Mild HBP 140- 159mmHg 90- 99mmHg
Moderate HBP 160 – 179mmHg 100 – 109mmHg
Severe HBP > 180mmHg > 110mmHg
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NOTE:
BP = Blood Pressure
HBP = High Blood Pressure

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• Age
• Race
• Genetics
RISK FACTORS- Non-
Modifiable

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RISK FACTORS- Modifiable
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Inactivity
• Obesity
• Stress
• Too much salt
• Too little
potassium
• Other conditions
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Kidney disease
• Sleep apnea

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RISK FACTORS

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SYMPTOMS OF
HYPERTENSION
Majority of the patients do not complain of any
symptoms. It is called the silent killer.
Symptomatic patients may have one or more of
the following symptoms;
- Headache
- Confusion
- Shortness of breath
- Visual disturbances
- Nausea and vomiting

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Complications of Hypertension:

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TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
• The goal of treatment is to reduce your
blood pressure so that you have a lower
risk of complications.
• If it’s pre hypertension, lifestyle changes
are first instituted and these include
eating heart healthy diet, drinking plenty
of water, exercising regularly to maintain
healthy weight, quitting smoking, limiting
alcohol intake, , limiting salt intake and
reducing stress.
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TREATMENT CONTD
• Drugs are given to those whose blood pressure
remain elevated in spite of lifestyle changes or
those who present with hypertensive crisis (BP
of 180/110mmHg or >).
• For those with diabetes, heart problems or a
history of stroke, medications are started even
at a lower blood pressure.
• Several classes of these drugs abound e.g.
diuretics, beta blockers, potassium
replacement, Calcium channel blockers and
ACE inhibitors.
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PREVENTION/CONTROL OF
HYPERTENSION
STOP SMOKING
The nicotine present in tobacco
products causes:
• Decreased oxygen to the heart
• Increased blood pressure and heart
rate
• Increase in blood clotting
• Damage to cells that line coronary
arteries and other blood vessels.

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PREVENTION/CONTROL
CONTD
KEEP MOVING
 Make physical exercise a
regular part of your life
 It strengthens the blood
vessels and helps to control
BP,
 30 mins/day for up to 5
times a week of moderate
exercise is recommended,

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PREVENTION/CONTROL
CONTD
SHED THE EXCESS
WEIGHT
• Even a 4kg weight loss
can lower blood pressure
significantly.
• Excess weight strains
the heart thereby
increasing blood
pressure.
• Make healthy eating a

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PREVENTION/CONTROL
CONTD
EAT A HEALTHY DIET
• Avoid fatty foods like
Orishirishi
• Eat plenty of whole
grains,
• 5 servings of fruits,
vegetables/day
• Legumes

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Limit Salt/Sodium Intake
• Not more than 2000mg (1
Tea Spoon)per day
• Limit processed foods; add
more fresh fruits,
vegetables, and whole
grains
• Follow the DASH diet
• Avoid Fast Food

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Avoid Alcohol Intake

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Lifestyle Interventions for
Prevention of Hypertension

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Adapted from Cushman et al. Endocrine Practice 1997;3:106 & Sacks, et al. NEJM 2001;334:3
Lifestyle Interventions for
Prevention of Hypertension

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When All Else Fails
Sometimes even doing all
the right things will not
lower your blood
pressure to an
acceptable level.
When that happens, your
doctor may put you on
one or more blood
pressure medications.

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Know Your Medications
• Always ask your doctor/Pharmacist what medicine he/she is
giving you and what it is for.
• Pay attention to how the new medication makes you feel.
• Report any adverse side effects to your doctor.
• Never stop taking blood pressure medication without the
permission of your doctor.
• There is no food or drug supplement that effectively controls
blood pressure. Do not be deceived by the gamut of
advertisements claiming cure for all ailments including
hypertension.

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Stay On Top Of It
• If you know you have a
problem with blood
pressure, it will be a
good idea to monitor it
at home and record
your readings for your
doctor.

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KNOW YOUR NUMBERS
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PARAMETERS NUMBERS/MALE NUMBERS/FEMALE
BLOOD PRESSURE 120/80mmHg SAME
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) 18 TO 25Kg/m2 SAME
ABDOMINAL
CIRCUMFERENCE
100cm 87.5cm
SALT INTAKE PER DAY LESS THAN
2000Mg
SAME

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CONCLUSION
• Hypertension is the most common public
health problem in developed and
developing countries.
• It is called the Silent Killer.
• No cure is available, but effective lifestyle
modification may lower blood pressure
as much as an individual
antihypertensive drug. Combinations of
two or more lifestyle modifications can
achieve even better results.
• Endeavour to know your numbers.

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THANKS FOR LISTENING
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Questions & Answers
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