Group Behavior

Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior
Group BehaviorGroup Behavior
Topics:Topics: ▪ Meaning of Groups ▪ Classification of Groups ▪ Reasons for▪ Meaning of Groups ▪ Classification of Groups ▪ Reasons for
Joining Groups ▪ Stages of Group Development ▪ Group Decision MakingJoining Groups ▪ Stages of Group Development ▪ Group Decision Making
TechniquesTechniques SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 1

MEANING OF GROUPMEANING OF GROUP
 Two or more individuals interacting interdependent, whoTwo or more individuals interacting interdependent, who
have come together to achieve particular objectives.have come together to achieve particular objectives.
CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPCLASSIFICATION OF GROUP
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;

 Formal Group:Formal Group: The behaviors thatThe behaviors that
one should engage in are stipulated byone should engage in are stipulated by
and directed toward organizationaland directed toward organizational
goals.goals.
 Command group:Command group: It is composed of theIt is composed of the
subordinates who report directly to asubordinates who report directly to a
given manager.given manager.
 Task group:Task group: Task groups representTask groups represent
those working together to complete athose working together to complete a
job task.job task.

Informal Group:Informal Group: Neither formallyNeither formally
structured nor organizationally determined.structured nor organizationally determined.
These groups are natural formations in theThese groups are natural formations in the
work environment that appear in responsework environment that appear in response
to the need for social contact. Example:to the need for social contact. Example:
Lunch togetherLunch together
 Interest group:Interest group: It is consist of those who areIt is consist of those who are
working together to attain a specificworking together to attain a specific
objective with which each is concerned.objective with which each is concerned.
 Friendship Group:Friendship Group: Groups often developGroups often develop
because the individual members have one orbecause the individual members have one or
more common characteristics.more common characteristics.SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;

REASONS FOR JOINING GROUPSREASONS FOR JOINING GROUPS
Security:Security: By joining a group, individuals canBy joining a group, individuals can
reduce the insecurity of standing alone. People feelreduce the insecurity of standing alone. People feel
stronger, have fewer self-doubt and are morestronger, have fewer self-doubt and are more
resistant to threats when they are part of a group.resistant to threats when they are part of a group.
Status:Status: Inclusion in a group that is viewed asInclusion in a group that is viewed as
important by others provides recognition and statusimportant by others provides recognition and status
for its members.for its members.
Self-esteem:Self-esteem: Groups can provide people withGroups can provide people with
feelings of self worth (importance, value). That isfeelings of self worth (importance, value). That is
membership can give increased feelings of worth tomembership can give increased feelings of worth to
the group members themselves.the group members themselves.

REASONS FOR JOINING GROUPSREASONS FOR JOINING GROUPS
Affiliation:Affiliation: Groups can fulfill social needs.Groups can fulfill social needs.
People enjoy the regular interactions thatPeople enjoy the regular interactions that
comes with group membership which arecomes with group membership which are
their primary source for fulfilling their needstheir primary source for fulfilling their needs
for affiliation.for affiliation.
Power:Power: What can not be achievedWhat can not be achieved
individually often become possible throughindividually often become possible through
group action.group action.
Goal achievement:Goal achievement: There are times when itThere are times when it
takes more than one person to accomplish atakes more than one person to accomplish a
particular task.particular task.SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;

STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENTSTAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Groups passed through a standardGroups passed through a standard
sequence of five stages.sequence of five stages.
Forming:Forming: characterized by a great deal ofcharacterized by a great deal of
uncertainty about the group purpose,uncertainty about the group purpose,
structure and leadership.structure and leadership.
Storming:Storming: one of intra-group conflict.one of intra-group conflict.
Conflict over who will control the group.Conflict over who will control the group.
When this stage is complete, there will be aWhen this stage is complete, there will be a
relatively clear hierarchy of leadershiprelatively clear hierarchy of leadership
within the group.within the group.

STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENTSTAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Norming:Norming: close relationships andclose relationships and
group demonstrates cohesiveness.group demonstrates cohesiveness.
Performing:Performing: fully functional andfully functional and
accepted. To know and understandaccepted. To know and understand
each other to performing the task ateach other to performing the task at
hand.hand.
Adjourning:Adjourning: group prepares for itsgroup prepares for its
disbandment. High taskdisbandment. High task
performance is no longer the group'sperformance is no longer the group's
top priority.top priority.SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;

GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUESGROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES
Interacting groups:Interacting groups: members meet facemembers meet face
to face and rely on both verbal andto face and rely on both verbal and
non verbal interaction to communicate‑non verbal interaction to communicate‑
with each other.with each other.
Brainstorming:Brainstorming: an idea generationan idea generation
process that specifically encourages anyprocess that specifically encourages any
and all alternatives, while withholdingand all alternatives, while withholding
any criticism of those alternatives. Itsany criticism of those alternatives. Its
merely a process of generating ideas.merely a process of generating ideas.

GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUESGROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES
Nominal group technique:Nominal group technique:
individual members meet face to faceindividual members meet face to face
to pool their judgments in ato pool their judgments in a
systematic but independent fashion.systematic but independent fashion.
The idea with the highest aggregateThe idea with the highest aggregate
ranking determines the final decision.ranking determines the final decision.
Electronic meeting:Electronic meeting: membersmembers
interact on computers allowinginteract on computers allowing
anonymity of comments andanonymity of comments and
aggregating of votes.aggregating of votes.SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;

Group Behavior

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Group Behavior