Counseling Basics

Tuesday, January 30, 2018Tuesday, January 30, 2018
SYED MD. SAJJAD KABIR (SMS KABIRSYED MD. SAJJAD KABIR (SMS KABIR((
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGYASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1100JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY, DHAKA -1100
Ex-Chairman, Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong,Ex-Chairman, Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong,
Chittagong – 4331Chittagong – 4331Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-
984-8798-22-5, Dkaka - 1100; smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd; smskabir218@gmail.com984-8798-22-5, Dkaka - 1100; smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd; smskabir218@gmail.com

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 Definitions,Definitions,
Concepts and ScopeConcepts and Scope
of Counseling.of Counseling.
 Why counseling?Why counseling?
 Who needsWho needs
counseling?counseling?
 Steps in theSteps in the
counseling process.counseling process.
Unit-1Unit-1
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5,Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5,
Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100 Phone Number: +880 1761 491036 Mail Address: smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100 Phone Number: +880 1761 491036 Mail Address: smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.comsmskabir218@gmail.com
2
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-

What is Counseling?What is Counseling?
 Counseling is an art and science.Counseling is an art and science.
 It’s a short term, interpersonal,It’s a short term, interpersonal,
theory based, helping profession.theory based, helping profession.
 Its aim is to resolve developmentalIts aim is to resolve developmental
and situational difficulties.and situational difficulties.
 Counseling helps to bring change inCounseling helps to bring change in
life-life-▪▪Change inChange in thoughtthought
▪▪Change inChange in emotionemotion, and, and
▪▪Change inChange in behaviorbehavior..
3Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-

Goals of CounselingGoals of Counseling
 Facilitating behavioral changeFacilitating behavioral change
 Enhancing one’s coping skillEnhancing one’s coping skill
 Promoting decision makingPromoting decision making
 Improving relationships, andImproving relationships, and
 Facilitating one’s potentials.Facilitating one’s potentials.
4

Who is a counselor?Who is a counselor?
 Understands theUnderstands the
feelings of a clientfeelings of a client
and treats it as factand treats it as fact
 Keeps all informationKeeps all information
confidentialconfidential
 Facilitates discussionsFacilitates discussions
on the issues inon the issues in
questionquestion
 Builds self-esteem ofBuilds self-esteem of
the clientthe client
 Reassures if theReassures if the
client is insecureclient is insecure
 Solicits the client’sSolicits the client’s
 Be empathetic to theBe empathetic to the
client and show careclient and show care
 Has patience
 Does not get distracted
during interaction with
client
 Builds confidence
 Considers the client’s
long and medium term
goals
 Avoids acting like an
expert
 Has a BIG ear and
A counselor is an individual who -A counselor is an individual who -
6

When is a Counselor not Ready to Counsel?When is a Counselor not Ready to Counsel?
A counselor should not practice when he or she -A counselor should not practice when he or she -
• Lacks motivation and creativityLacks motivation and creativity
• Has prejudices against the clientHas prejudices against the client
• Has preconceptions about the issuesHas preconceptions about the issues
faced by the clientfaced by the client
• Feels social distance betweenFeels social distance between
themselves and their clientthemselves and their client
• Feels insecure and lacks self confidenceFeels insecure and lacks self confidence
• Be impulsive to clients comments.Be impulsive to clients comments.

NOTION AND MISCONCEPTIONNOTION AND MISCONCEPTION
ABOUT COUNSELINGABOUT COUNSELING
Myth #1:Myth #1: Counseling is only forCounseling is only for
“crazy people” or people with“crazy people” or people with
“problems”.“problems”.
Myth #2:Myth #2: Counselor’s role is to giveCounselor’s role is to give
“advice”.“advice”.
Myth #3:Myth #3: Counseling is a last resort.Counseling is a last resort.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar ProkashanaBook Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana
Sangstha, ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100 Phone Number: +880 1761Sangstha, ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100 Phone Number: +880 1761
491036 Mail Address: smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd; smskabir218@gmail.com491036 Mail Address: smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd; smskabir218@gmail.com
8

Myth #4: Counselor does not
know me and can’t help me.
Myth #5: Counselors just sit
there, nod, and stay silent.

Myth #6: Counseling takes
forever.
MISCONCEPTION ABOUT COUNSELINGMISCONCEPTION ABOUT COUNSELING
9

Myth #7: Everyone will know I'm
seeing a counselor.
Myth #8: Couples counseling
always makes one person the
villain.
Myth #9: Counseling will change
who I am forever.
10

Myth #10: Therapy is like having
a paid friend.
Myth # 11: Therapists will blame
you and shame you.
Myth #12: Medication is just as
effective as therapy.
11

Myth # 13: Therapy is all happy
thoughts.
Myth # 14: There's nothing you
can do about the past.
Myth #15: Therapy will make
your painful problems worse.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100;
ISBN: 978-984-8798-22-5, Dkaka - 1100; smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd; smskabir218@gmail.com
12

What’s the difference between a psychiatristWhat’s the difference between a psychiatrist
and a psychologist?and a psychologist?
A psychiatrist has an MD degree (Doctor of Medicine) orA psychiatrist has an MD degree (Doctor of Medicine) or
DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) and has chosen to specialize inDO (Doctor of Osteopathy) and has chosen to specialize in
the branch of medicine that focuses on mental healththe branch of medicine that focuses on mental health
issues. A psychiatrist treats patients by talking with themissues. A psychiatrist treats patients by talking with them
as well as by prescribing medication (if needed).as well as by prescribing medication (if needed).
Psychologists have one of these degrees: PhD (Doctor ofPsychologists have one of these degrees: PhD (Doctor of
Philosophy), PsyD (Doctor of Psychology), or EdD (Doctor ofPhilosophy), PsyD (Doctor of Psychology), or EdD (Doctor of
Education). A psychologist treats patients by talking withEducation). A psychologist treats patients by talking with
them but does not prescribe medication. If medication isthem but does not prescribe medication. If medication is
needed, a psychologist will refer the patient to an MD suchneeded, a psychologist will refer the patient to an MD such
as a psychiatrist, a family physician, or another type ofas a psychiatrist, a family physician, or another type of
MD.MD.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q-1Q-1
Tuesday, January 30, 2018 13Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-

FAQsFAQs
What's the difference between the termsWhat's the difference between the terms
counseling, therapy and psychotherapy?counseling, therapy and psychotherapy?
In one sense, there are no differences sinceIn one sense, there are no differences since
they all imply that you talk to a mental healththey all imply that you talk to a mental health
professional to help solve various problems inprofessional to help solve various problems in
your life.your life.
In another sense, there is a significantIn another sense, there is a significant
difference. I view the term counseling to meandifference. I view the term counseling to mean
that a short-term and very focused approach isthat a short-term and very focused approach is
taken toward solving the client's problems. Itaken toward solving the client's problems. I
view the term psychotherapy to mean that aview the term psychotherapy to mean that a
long-term and more in-depth approach is taken.long-term and more in-depth approach is taken.
The term therapy is simply an abbreviatedThe term therapy is simply an abbreviated
version of the term psychotherapy.version of the term psychotherapy.
Q-2Q-2

What's the difference between a counselor,What's the difference between a counselor,
therapist, psychotherapist, psychologist,therapist, psychotherapist, psychologist,
psychiatrist, social worker, marriage and familypsychiatrist, social worker, marriage and family
therapist, etc.?therapist, etc.?
At a basic level, there are no differences in that all ofAt a basic level, there are no differences in that all of
these mental health professionals talk to clients to help themthese mental health professionals talk to clients to help them
solve their problems. At another level, there are significantsolve their problems. At another level, there are significant
differences in education and training that can impact thedifferences in education and training that can impact the
type of help you receive. For instance, typically the termstype of help you receive. For instance, typically the terms
therapist, psychotherapist, psychologist and psychiatristtherapist, psychotherapist, psychologist and psychiatrist
denote practitioners with a doctoral level of training, whiledenote practitioners with a doctoral level of training, while
the other terms denote practitioners with a master's levelthe other terms denote practitioners with a master's level
of training. But I believe that what determines how much aof training. But I believe that what determines how much a
client resolves their problems while in treatment lies moreclient resolves their problems while in treatment lies more
within the client than within the therapist (such as thewithin the client than within the therapist (such as the
desire to get help and the determination to persevere untildesire to get help and the determination to persevere until
the goals of psychotherapy are met).the goals of psychotherapy are met).
FAQsFAQs
Q-3Q-3

Can't I just talk to someone I know who's a goodCan't I just talk to someone I know who's a good
listener and get the same help that I would from alistener and get the same help that I would from a
therapist?therapist?
““No”. The bottom line is that patients want to and need to beNo”. The bottom line is that patients want to and need to be
listened to. They want a therapist who can listen to them inlistened to. They want a therapist who can listen to them in
depth. That is what we offer: We listen to people in depth,depth. That is what we offer: We listen to people in depth,
over an extended period of time and with great intensity. Weover an extended period of time and with great intensity. We
listen to what they say and to what they don't say; to whatlisten to what they say and to what they don't say; to what
they say in words and to what they say through their bodiesthey say in words and to what they say through their bodies
and enactments. And we listen to them by listening toand enactments. And we listen to them by listening to
ourselves, to our minds, our reveries, and our own bodilyourselves, to our minds, our reveries, and our own bodily
reactions. We listen to their life stories and to the story thatreactions. We listen to their life stories and to the story that
they live with us in the room; their past, their present, andthey live with us in the room; their past, their present, and
future. We listen to what they already know or can see aboutfuture. We listen to what they already know or can see about
themselves, and we listen to what they can't see in themselves.themselves, and we listen to what they can't see in themselves.
We listen to ourselves listening. Whatever managed care says,We listen to ourselves listening. Whatever managed care says,
and whatever drugs are prescribed, and whatever the researchand whatever drugs are prescribed, and whatever the research
findings, people still want to be listened to in depth and alwaysfindings, people still want to be listened to in depth and always
will.will.
FAQsFAQs
Q-4Q-4

Will my psychologist think I'm weird, crazy orWill my psychologist think I'm weird, crazy or
sick?sick?
In a word, “no”. In fact, I think that anyone whoIn a word, “no”. In fact, I think that anyone who
enters psychotherapy is courageous and to be respectedenters psychotherapy is courageous and to be respected
because they are doing something about their problemsbecause they are doing something about their problems
by facing and confronting them.by facing and confronting them.
How long will I be in treatment?How long will I be in treatment?
In general, a circumscribed issue with a short historyIn general, a circumscribed issue with a short history
will probably be dealt with fairly quickly, for examplewill probably be dealt with fairly quickly, for example
in 10 to 20 sessions. However, a non-specific issuein 10 to 20 sessions. However, a non-specific issue
with a long history like, "I've never really been awith a long history like, "I've never really been a
happy person," will probably need a much longer timehappy person," will probably need a much longer time
period to be dealt with, say six months to severalperiod to be dealt with, say six months to several
years.years.
FAQsFAQs
Q-5Q-5
Q-6Q-6

Will I be sent off to a mentalWill I be sent off to a mental
hospitalhospital against my will?against my will?
No, this does not happen to most people.No, this does not happen to most people.
There are very few instances that wouldThere are very few instances that would
dictate hospitalization, namely, only whendictate hospitalization, namely, only when
safety issues are a concern. Out of thesafety issues are a concern. Out of the
general population, only a very smallgeneral population, only a very small
percentage ever need to be hospitalizedpercentage ever need to be hospitalized
for psychological reasons and even fewerfor psychological reasons and even fewer
are taken against their will (Again, theseare taken against their will (Again, these
few have to threaten harm to themselvesfew have to threaten harm to themselves
or someone else.).or someone else.).
FAQsFAQs
Q-7Q-7

Am I a failure if I go to a psychologist?Am I a failure if I go to a psychologist?
No, I do not believe this to be true. However, theNo, I do not believe this to be true. However, the
answer depends upon who you listen to. Unfortunately,answer depends upon who you listen to. Unfortunately,
many in our society still view a visit to a psychologist asmany in our society still view a visit to a psychologist as
a sign of some inherent weakness or deficiency in thea sign of some inherent weakness or deficiency in the
person. The good news is that many others are seeingperson. The good news is that many others are seeing
this view as outdated and even foolish.this view as outdated and even foolish.
I suggest that consulting a psychologist be viewed theI suggest that consulting a psychologist be viewed the
same as when one visits another professional, forsame as when one visits another professional, for
example, a physician. While on the one hand we couldexample, a physician. While on the one hand we could
say someone has a physical weakness if they get the flusay someone has a physical weakness if they get the flu
and have to visit their physician, on the other hand weand have to visit their physician, on the other hand we
could say that person is wise to seek the help of acould say that person is wise to seek the help of a
trained professional. I believe it is the same for antrained professional. I believe it is the same for an
emotional or behavioral problem, that is, it is wise (notemotional or behavioral problem, that is, it is wise (not
weak) to seek professional help.weak) to seek professional help.
FAQsFAQs
Q-8Q-8

Can't I just read a book, attend aCan't I just read a book, attend a
support group, etc. and get the help Isupport group, etc. and get the help I
need?need?
You certainly can try that, but you may haveYou certainly can try that, but you may have
already tried several of those methods. From myalready tried several of those methods. From my
experience, most of my clients have already triedexperience, most of my clients have already tried
several avenues to deal with their problem by theseveral avenues to deal with their problem by the
time they come in for psychotherapy. In fact, thetime they come in for psychotherapy. In fact, the
problem I hear over and over is that the self-helpproblem I hear over and over is that the self-help
book, seminar, support group, etc. that wasbook, seminar, support group, etc. that was
utilized was not specific enough to the client'sutilized was not specific enough to the client's
particular situation. In psychotherapy, problemsparticular situation. In psychotherapy, problems
and the application of solutions to those problemsand the application of solutions to those problems
can be discussed in great detail.can be discussed in great detail.
FAQsFAQs
Q-9Q-9

Can't I just put my problems behind me, moveCan't I just put my problems behind me, move
on and hope for the best next time?on and hope for the best next time?
You can certainly try that but it often doesn't workYou can certainly try that but it often doesn't work
if we are honest with ourselves. And in fact, theif we are honest with ourselves. And in fact, the
more we deal with life in that manner the moremore we deal with life in that manner the more
difficult it usually becomes to move on after eachdifficult it usually becomes to move on after each
successive disappointment, frustration, or conflict. Isuccessive disappointment, frustration, or conflict. I
think this is because each issue or situation that isn'tthink this is because each issue or situation that isn't
dealt with appropriately accumulates with other priordealt with appropriately accumulates with other prior
unresolved issues. Then when too many issuesunresolved issues. Then when too many issues
accumulate, the overflow comes out in the form ofaccumulate, the overflow comes out in the form of
symptoms like stress, anxiety, depression, irritability,symptoms like stress, anxiety, depression, irritability,
lack of focus, stomach upset, headaches, musclelack of focus, stomach upset, headaches, muscle
tightness, and the like. It is akin to a container thattightness, and the like. It is akin to a container that
becomes too full and spills over if not monitored.becomes too full and spills over if not monitored.
FAQsFAQs
Q-10Q-10

How do I know if I need to see aHow do I know if I need to see a
psychologist?psychologist?
One way to answer this question is to continue with theOne way to answer this question is to continue with the
above metaphor, that is, you need to see a psychologistabove metaphor, that is, you need to see a psychologist
when the container gets too full and strategies aimed atwhen the container gets too full and strategies aimed at
helping don't work. For example, you may find thathelping don't work. For example, you may find that
talking to a friend or reading a self-help book doesn'ttalking to a friend or reading a self-help book doesn't
change things for the better. Other indicators that youchange things for the better. Other indicators that you
might want to a see a psychologist include: you know themight want to a see a psychologist include: you know the
problem is too big or complex to handle easily; othersproblem is too big or complex to handle easily; others
suggest you need to talk to someone or get help; you'vesuggest you need to talk to someone or get help; you've
tried numerous strategies over the years and have hadtried numerous strategies over the years and have had
some success with the issue but no real lasting or deepsome success with the issue but no real lasting or deep
changes have occurred; or, you just don't seem to bechanges have occurred; or, you just don't seem to be
reaching your full potential in your marriage, career,reaching your full potential in your marriage, career,
friendships, or hobbies.friendships, or hobbies.
FAQsFAQs
Q-11Q-11

What can I expect in the first session?What can I expect in the first session?
In the first session, you will be asked to beginIn the first session, you will be asked to begin
talking by responding to the question, “Whattalking by responding to the question, “What
prompted you to call a psychologist?”prompted you to call a psychologist?”
From there I will seek to gain a clearFrom there I will seek to gain a clear
understanding of what issue(s) you want to workunderstanding of what issue(s) you want to work
on, how and to what extent the issue gives youon, how and to what extent the issue gives you
difficulty or concern on a regular basis, whatdifficulty or concern on a regular basis, what
factors led to the development of the issue, andfactors led to the development of the issue, and
how we can address the issue in terms of workinghow we can address the issue in terms of working
toward a solution. We will end the session bytoward a solution. We will end the session by
discussing how many sessions it is likely to take todiscussing how many sessions it is likely to take to
attain your goals, as well as find a time and dayattain your goals, as well as find a time and day
each week to meet on a consistent basis.each week to meet on a consistent basis.
FAQsFAQs
Q-12Q-12

Will what I say in therapy sessions beWill what I say in therapy sessions be
kept private and confidential?kept private and confidential?
Generally, what you say in therapy sessions willGenerally, what you say in therapy sessions will
be kept confidential. However, there arebe kept confidential. However, there are
circumstances under which exceptions do exist.circumstances under which exceptions do exist.
 you are a threat to harm yourself oryou are a threat to harm yourself or
someone else;someone else;
 child abuse or neglect is suspected;child abuse or neglect is suspected;
 your treatment records are requested byyour treatment records are requested by
subpoena; orsubpoena; or
 to collect payment for services rendered.to collect payment for services rendered.
FAQsFAQs
Q-13Q-13

SCOPE OF COUNSELINGSCOPE OF COUNSELING
• Academic PerformanceAcademic Performance
• Trouble withTrouble with
Concentrating, Studying,Concentrating, Studying,
or Attending Classesor Attending Classes
• Anxieties about AspectsAnxieties about Aspects
of Study includingof Study including
Exams and PresentationsExams and Presentations
• Achievement ConflictsAchievement Conflicts
• StressStress
• Life TransitionsLife Transitions
• Loneliness/ Isolation/Loneliness/ Isolation/
HomesicknessHomesickness
• Difficulty Adjusting toDifficulty Adjusting to
• Relationships/ IntimacyRelationships/ Intimacy
IssuesIssues
• Friend ConflictsFriend Conflicts
• Difficulty Making orDifficulty Making or
Keeping FriendsKeeping Friends
• Lack of Self ConfidenceLack of Self Confidence
or Low Self-esteemor Low Self-esteem
• Self-InjurySelf-Injury
• Suicidal ThoughtsSuicidal Thoughts
• Worries aboutWorries about
AppearanceAppearance
• Anger ManagementAnger Management
• Grief/LossGrief/Loss
• Family IssuesFamily Issues

SCOPE OF COUNSELINGSCOPE OF COUNSELING
• Anxiety/PersistentAnxiety/Persistent
Worry/Panic AttacksWorry/Panic Attacks
• Bereavements andBereavements and
Parental SeparationsParental Separations
• Cultural ConcernsCultural Concerns
• Identity ConfusionIdentity Confusion
• Sexual Orientation/Sexual Orientation/
Gender IdentityGender Identity
• Eating or SleepingEating or Sleeping
Disorders/ BodyDisorders/ Body
Image ConcernsImage Concerns
• Weight Loss or GainWeight Loss or Gain
• Depression/ApathyDepression/Apathy
• SexualitySexuality
• Abusive RelationshipsAbusive Relationships
• Alcohol or Drug/Alcohol or Drug/
Substance Use/ AbuseSubstance Use/ Abuse
• Sexual Assault/Sexual Assault/
Rape/AbuseRape/Abuse
• PregnancyPregnancy
• Difficulty in makingDifficulty in making
DecisionsDecisions
• Uncertainty about theUncertainty about the
Future.Future. 26

WHY COUNSELINGWHY COUNSELING
 Deaths within theDeaths within the
family and friendsfamily and friends
and work associatesand work associates
 InjuryInjury
 DivorceDivorce
 MarriageMarriage
 StressStress
 UnemploymentUnemployment
 Change of jobsChange of jobs
 DisasterDisaster
 BirthBirth
 Physical violencePhysical violence
 Sexual violenceSexual violence
 SexualSexual
discriminationdiscrimination
 Sexual abuseSexual abuse
 Abusive languageAbusive language
 IntoleranceIntolerance 27Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-

Who needs counseling?Who needs counseling?
• A person isA person is
always irritatedalways irritated
• AngryAngry
• Is distrustfulIs distrustful
of peopleof people
• AlwaysAlways
suspicioussuspicious
• Lacks selfLacks self
confidenceconfidence
• In apathy about lifeIn apathy about life
• Shows anxiety aboutShows anxiety about
the futurethe future
• Resents life andResents life and
familyfamily
• Remains isolatedRemains isolated
• Lacks willingness toLacks willingness to
take any initiativestake any initiatives
• Shows territorialShows territorial 28Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017). Essentials of Counseling. Abosar Prokashana Sangstha, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100; ISBN: 978-

TEN STEPS FOR COUNSELINGTEN STEPS FOR COUNSELING
Encourage the client to talk about the feelingEncourage the client to talk about the feeling
Validate the feeling with reflective listeningValidate the feeling with reflective listening
Let the client have the chance to speakLet the client have the chance to speak
Provide missing information where neededProvide missing information where needed
Talk about the client’s views and goalsTalk about the client’s views and goals
Communicate what it takes to get to the pointCommunicate what it takes to get to the point
neededneeded

TEN STEPS FOR COUNSELINGTEN STEPS FOR COUNSELING
Observe signs of trouble and prepare forObserve signs of trouble and prepare for
possible violence and threatspossible violence and threats
Encourage client to develop positive energyEncourage client to develop positive energy
towards devising a solutiontowards devising a solution
Establish a regular schedule for follow-upEstablish a regular schedule for follow-up
discussions and give feedbackdiscussions and give feedback
Agree on what steps are needed to be takenAgree on what steps are needed to be taken
by the client to change the current situation.by the client to change the current situation.

COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS

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?AnswersAnswers
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Counseling Basics

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