IONTMENTS
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An ointment is a thick, greasy preparation meant for application to the skin or mucous membranes. It is made up of oil (80%) and water (20%) and provides advantages like avoiding first-pass metabolism, convenience for unconscious patients, suitability for bitter drugs, and chemical stability compared to liquids. Ointments are manufactured using an ointment plant and filling machine. The process involves hydrating ingredients, forming an emulsion by blending phases, and dispersing the active ingredient. Potential drawbacks are staining, contamination risks from finger application, bulkiness, dosing inaccuracies, and lesser stability than solids.
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This document discusses pharmaceutical creams. It defines creams as semisolid dosage forms containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base. Creams come in two types - aqueous and oily - depending on whether the emulsion is oil-in-water or water-in-oil. Creams are used to dry injured skin, prevent irritation/inflammation, prolong drug action at the site, and retain moisture. The document outlines the key ingredients in creams, the formulation process, potential problems, evaluation methods, packaging/storage requirements, and advantages and disadvantages compared to other dosage forms.
Ointment
Ointments are semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin. They contain mostly oils and some water. Ointments are classified based on where they act - on the skin surface, penetrating the skin, or passing through the skin. The base used can be hydrocarbon, absorption, water-miscible, or water-soluble. The appropriate base depends on factors like the patient's skin condition and the drug's stability. Ointments are prepared by incorporation, fusion, or emulsification methods. They are evaluated based on penetration, drug release rate, absorption into blood, and irritancy. Ointments contain more oil and less water than creams, giving them a thicker consistency and longer moisture retention time.
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[Paperwork] Compounding Topical Dosage Forms
Paperwork under the course of Pharmacy Practice that discusses the technique and advantages/disadvantages of different topical dosage forms.
Created by: Annisa Hayatunnufus
Bachelor of Pharmacy
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Ointment
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[Paperwork] Compounding Topical Dosage Forms
Paperwork under the course of Pharmacy Practice that discusses the technique and advantages/disadvantages of different topical dosage forms.
Created by: Annisa Hayatunnufus
Bachelor of Pharmacy
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Forms of topical medicines
Topical medications are applied directly to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, or other external surfaces. They include creams, ointments, gels, lotions, powders, and other formulations. Topical drugs avoid first-pass metabolism and provide localized treatment while minimizing systemic exposure. The formulation is chosen based on factors like the treatment site, skin condition, and potential for irritation. While topicals effectively deliver drugs to the site of action, they also carry risks like contact dermatitis and inability to penetrate the skin for some drugs. Careful consideration of the drug and patient factors ensures the appropriate topical formulation is selected.
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This document discusses ointments, which are semi-solid topical dosage forms used for therapeutic, protective, or cosmetic purposes. Ointments are greasy preparations containing 80% oil and 20% water that are applied to the skin or mucous membranes. They can contain dissolved, emulsified, or suspended drug ingredients. Ointments are classified based on penetration (epidermic, endodermic, diadermic) or therapeutic use (antibiotic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory). Ideal ointment bases are inert, compatible with skin pH, emollient, and release medication readily. Common bases include oleaginous (petrolatum, hard paraffin, liquid paraffin
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3. An overview is provided of different types of medicines including solids, semisolids like creams and ointments, and liquids. Ointments are discussed in further detail.
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This document defines ointments as semi-solid preparations for application to the skin. It discusses the types of ointments including medicated and non-medicated. It describes the ideal properties of ointments and different bases used to make them, including oleaginous, absorption, water-removable, and water-soluble bases. Methods for preparing ointments by incorporation and fusion are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of the evaluation of semisolid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, and suppositories. It discusses ideal properties of semisolids and categories of semisolids. Evaluation methods for ointments include testing for drug content uniformity, penetration rate, drug release rate, absorption into bloodstream, and irritancy. Cream evaluation includes testing for appearance, spreadability, washability, rheology, and sensitivity. Suppository evaluation comprises tests for appearance, weight uniformity, melting range, liquefaction time, breaking strength, and dissolution rate.
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This document provides information about various topical dermatological preparations including ointments, creams, gels, pastes, plasters, and others. It discusses the composition, properties, applications, and manufacturing of these preparations. Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for external application with an oily base that forms a protective, moisturizing layer on the skin. Creams are emulsions that are soft, smooth, and spreadable. Gels consist of a gelling agent suspended in water that forms a semirigid system. The document outlines the different types of bases used and key factors in selecting the appropriate base. It also reviews the production and quality control of these topical preparations.
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(Ointments 2)
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Ointment, cream, gel , pastes, plasters, glycerogelatin
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Quality control tests for topical preparations
This document discusses quality control tests for topical preparations, including transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). It describes various types of topical preparations like creams, ointments, gels, pastes, and jellies. It also discusses the common ingredients in TDDS like drugs, liners, adhesives, permeation enhancers, backing layers, and polymer matrices. Finally, it outlines the key physicochemical tests performed for quality control of TDDS, including thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, content uniformity, moisture content, and moisture uptake testing.
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This document provides information about semisolid dosage forms such as ointments, pastes, and jellies. It defines semisolids as topical dosage forms used for therapeutic, protective, or cosmetic purposes. The key points are:
- Semisolids contain one or more active ingredients dispersed uniformly in a suitable base, along with excipients like emulsifiers or viscosity agents.
- They have advantages like local action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and convenience for unconscious patients. Disadvantages include lack of dosage accuracy and potential for irritation.
- Ideal properties include smooth texture, non-irritating qualities, and easy applicability. Ingredients used in preparation
Semisolid dosage -Ointments, Pate,Jellies
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Forms of topical medicines
Topical medications are applied directly to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, or other external surfaces. They include creams, ointments, gels, lotions, powders, and other formulations. Topical drugs avoid first-pass metabolism and provide localized treatment while minimizing systemic exposure. The formulation is chosen based on factors like the treatment site, skin condition, and potential for irritation. While topicals effectively deliver drugs to the site of action, they also carry risks like contact dermatitis and inability to penetrate the skin for some drugs. Careful consideration of the drug and patient factors ensures the appropriate topical formulation is selected.
Semisolid dosage forms (Ointments)
This document discusses ointments, which are semi-solid topical dosage forms used for therapeutic, protective, or cosmetic purposes. Ointments are greasy preparations containing 80% oil and 20% water that are applied to the skin or mucous membranes. They can contain dissolved, emulsified, or suspended drug ingredients. Ointments are classified based on penetration (epidermic, endodermic, diadermic) or therapeutic use (antibiotic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory). Ideal ointment bases are inert, compatible with skin pH, emollient, and release medication readily. Common bases include oleaginous (petrolatum, hard paraffin, liquid paraffin
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The document discusses a field visit to Kemiko Pharmaceuticals company. It provides details about:
1. Kemiko is a leading pharmaceutical manufacturer with facilities for research, production, quality assurance and control.
2. The purpose of the field visit is to gain practical knowledge about pharmaceutical production processes including raw materials used, technical information, quality testing, and mechanical processes.
3. An overview is provided of different types of medicines including solids, semisolids like creams and ointments, and liquids. Ointments are discussed in further detail.
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This document discusses the manufacturing of liquid dosage forms. Liquids can be monophasic, containing a single phase, or biphasic, containing two immiscible phases like suspensions and emulsions. Key components include active ingredients, vehicles, surfactants, preservatives, colors, and flavors. Manufacturing involves accurately measuring and mixing components according to their solubility and physical properties. For monophasic liquids, soluble compounds are dissolved in a vehicle while insoluble compounds require mixing to form a uniform suspension. Biphasic liquids like emulsions use wet or dry gum methods to properly combine oil and water phases into a stable final product.
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Ointment ppt
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(Ointments 1)
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments
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This document provides an overview of the evaluation of semisolid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, and suppositories. It discusses ideal properties of semisolids and categories of semisolids. Evaluation methods for ointments include testing for drug content uniformity, penetration rate, drug release rate, absorption into bloodstream, and irritancy. Cream evaluation includes testing for appearance, spreadability, washability, rheology, and sensitivity. Suppository evaluation comprises tests for appearance, weight uniformity, melting range, liquefaction time, breaking strength, and dissolution rate.
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This document discusses the evaluation of semi-solid dosage forms. It defines semi-solids and classifies them into different types including ointments, creams, pastes, poultices, gels, and plasters. It describes the key characteristics and uses of each type. The document also covers important ingredients for semi-solids, including bases, and methods for evaluating different properties of semi-solids like penetration rate, absorption, rheology, biological testing, drug content, viscosity, and spreadability.
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This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical creams, including their definition, preparation methods, ingredients, and packaging. Creams are viscous emulsions for external use that can dissolve or suspend medicaments. They are classified as water-in-oil or oil-in-water depending on the emulsifying agent. Proper bases must be selected based on the intended use and stability of active ingredients. Creams are prepared through emulsification and incorporation processes and packaged in containers like jars or tubes with a typical discard date of 4 weeks.
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This document provides information about various topical dermatological preparations including ointments, creams, gels, pastes, plasters, and others. It discusses the composition, properties, applications, and manufacturing of these preparations. Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for external application with an oily base that forms a protective, moisturizing layer on the skin. Creams are emulsions that are soft, smooth, and spreadable. Gels consist of a gelling agent suspended in water that forms a semirigid system. The document outlines the different types of bases used and key factors in selecting the appropriate base. It also reviews the production and quality control of these topical preparations.
Gels & jellies
Gels and jellies are semisolid dosage forms used to deliver drugs. Gels contain a gelling agent that is dispersed in water, producing a jelly-like consistency. Common gelling agents include polymers, natural gums, and cellulose derivatives. Gels are classified as single-phase or two-phase based on distribution of the gelling agent. Jellies are transparent and less greasy than gels. Common gelling agents for jellies include tragacanth, sodium alginate, pectin, and gelatin. Key evaluation tests for gels and jellies include pH, drug content, viscosity, and spreadability.
(Ointments 2)
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments
Ointment, cream, gel , pastes, plasters, glycerogelatin
Ointments, creams, gels, pastes, plasters, and glycerogelatins are different topical semisolid dosage forms. Ointments are semisolids for application to the skin or mucous membranes and can be medicated or unmedicated. Creams are emulsions that can be water-in-oil or oil-in-water. Gels are dispersions of molecules in an aqueous liquid made jelly-like with a gelling agent. Pastes are stiffer than ointments and contain more solids. Plasters are adhesive solid or semisolid masses spread on a backing. Glycerogelatins contain gelatin, glycerin, water,
Quality control tests for topical preparations
This document discusses quality control tests for topical preparations, including transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). It describes various types of topical preparations like creams, ointments, gels, pastes, and jellies. It also discusses the common ingredients in TDDS like drugs, liners, adhesives, permeation enhancers, backing layers, and polymer matrices. Finally, it outlines the key physicochemical tests performed for quality control of TDDS, including thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, content uniformity, moisture content, and moisture uptake testing.
Assignment on semisolid preprations
This document provides an overview of semisolid preparations for an assignment. It defines semisolid preparations and their ideal properties. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of semisolid dosage forms. It also outlines the main types of semisolid preparations, common ingredients used, evaluation methods, and equipment involved in formulation. Key points covered include the properties of bases, role of antioxidants and humectants, methods for testing drug content uniformity and spreadability, and importance of temperature control during processing.
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This document provides information on various types of semisolid dosage forms, including their definitions, compositions, and uses. It discusses ointments, creams, gels, pastes, and other topical preparations. It describes the different bases used in semisolid formulations like hydrocarbon bases, water-soluble bases, and water-removable bases. It also covers topics like manufacturing, testing, packaging, and applications of semisolid dosage forms for dermatological, ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and other uses.
Semi solid dosage forms by ankita yagnik
This document provides information about semi-solid dosage forms. It defines semi-solid dosage forms as products of semi-solid consistency applied to skin or mucous membranes. It notes they may contain therapeutic agents or be non-medicated. The document discusses various semi-solid dosage forms including ointments, creams, gels, pastes, foams, suppositories, plasters and powders. It provides details on drug permeability through skin and formulation of semi-solid dosage forms, discussing ingredients, bases, and examples of APIs used. The ideal properties of bases and different types of bases are also outlined.
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Pharmaceutical Industry: Creams & Ointments Production Case Study
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- They have advantages like local action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and convenience for unconscious patients. Disadvantages include lack of dosage accuracy and potential for irritation.
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Ointments & pastes
Ointments and pastes are semisolid dosage forms meant for external application, primarily to the skin. Medicated ointments treat infections, inflammation, and itching while non-medicated versions act as emollients and lubricants. Pastes contain over 50% drug. The choice of ointment base depends on site of application, required drug release rate, drug stability, and effect on viscosity. Bases include hydrocarbons, absorption bases like lanolin and beeswax, water-miscible bases, and water-soluble bases. Hydrogels and gels containing dispersed solids like kaolin are other topical dosage forms. Factors like polymer concentration and molecular weight affect gelation.
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms
manufacturing procedure of various pharmaceutical dosage forms like monophasic, bipasic liquids, tablets, capsules, powders and granules
Lecture 7 cream.pptx
This document discusses creams as a type of semisolid dosage form. It defines creams as emulsions containing medicinal agents dispersed in either a water-in-oil or oil-in-water base. The document outlines the key properties of creams, types of creams including oil-in-water and water-in-oil, how to prepare creams, incorporate solids and liquids, advantages over other dosage forms like ease of application and removal, and differences from ointments like lower hydrocarbon content. The overall aim is to provide information on formulating, producing, and applying different semisolid dosage forms like creams.
ointments.pptx
A presentation on manufacturing and sterility test for ointments mainly for clinical pharmacy pharm D 4th year.
OINTMENT.pptx D. Pharm 1st Year (Pharmaceutics)
Introduction: OINTMENTS ARE SEMISOLID PREPARATION INTENDED FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATION TO SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE
Ideal Property: It should be non-irritating.
It should be non-dehydrating.
It should be non-greasy.
It should be inert and compatible with medicaments.
It should be stable.
It should be easily removable with water.
It should be able to absorb water and/or other liquids
It should be able to release medicament efficiently.
It should not interfere with skin functions.
It should be compatible with skin functions.
It should be non-hygroscopic
Classification of Ointment Bases: oleaginous, oily, or hydrophobic bases.
Absorption bases.
Emulsion bases.
Water-soluble bases.
Method of Preparation: Mechanical Incorporation Method.
Fusion Method.
Chemical reaction method.
Emulsification Method
9 semisolid dosage form ointment paste jellies
The document discusses semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, pastes, and gels. It describes their components which typically include one or more active ingredients dispersed uniformly in a suitable base containing excipients. The base controls drug absorption and release, and should have properties like stability, non-irritation, and compatibility with skin. Common bases include oleaginous, absorption, and water-miscible types. Factors like absorption, skin effects, and irritation potential must be considered in base selection for dermatological ointments.
Emulsion
An emulsion is an unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions have various pharmaceutical applications including oral and topical drug delivery. The type of emulsion (e.g. oil-in-water, water-in-oil) depends on the relative solubility of the emulsifying agent. Emulsions can be prepared using different methods such as the dry gum, wet gum, or bottle methods. Drugs can be incorporated into emulsions during or after emulsion formation.
Unit V Semisolid Dosage Forms.pdf
his presentation delves into the formulation, advantages, and applications of semisolid dosage forms, including creams, ointments, and gels. Learn about their unique properties, manufacturing processes, and considerations for drug delivery. Whether you're a student or a pharmaceutical professional, this presentation offers valuable insights into this essential aspect of medication delivery.
OINTMENTS, CREAMS, PASTE AND GELS.ppt
This document discusses ointments and their characteristics. It describes the different types of ointment bases including oleaginous, absorption, water-removable emulsion, and water soluble bases. It explains how ointments are classified based on their therapeutic properties and penetration of the skin. The document also outlines methods for preparing ointments and some common ointment bases such as petrolatum, lanolin, and polyethylene glycol polymers.
Ointment.ppt
This document discusses ointments, including their functions, bases, and methods of preparation. It provides definitions and characteristics of an ideal ointment base. The main types of ointment bases are hydrocarbon, absorption, water-removable, and water-soluble bases. Ointments are prepared using methods like fusion, trituration, chemical reaction, and emulsification. Key factors in selecting an ointment base include dermatological and pharmaceutical considerations. The document outlines the various ointment base types and provides examples of common ointment formulations.
Ointment
This document discusses various topical dosage forms including ointments, creams, gels, and pastes. It defines ointments as semisolid preparations for external use that are easily spread. Various ointment bases are described such as hydrocarbon bases like petrolatum, absorption bases, water-removable bases, and water-soluble bases. Methods for preparing ointments like incorporation and fusion are outlined. Requirements for ointments regarding microbial content, packaging and labeling are also summarized.
Emulsions by n j v s pavan
This presentation consists of the info about the pharmaceutical emulsions , definition, types,preparations,methods,formulation,emulsifying agents ....
this presentation is very useful for the b.pharm students for a brief idea ...
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IONTMENTS
- 4. •Defintion: An ointment is a homogeneous, viscous, semi-solid preparation, most commonly a greasy, thick oil (oil 80% - water 20%) with a high viscosity, that is intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.
- 7. 2.They avoid first pass metabolism of drug. 3. Convenient for unconscious patients having difficulty in oral administration.
- 8. 5. They are suitable dosage forms for bitter taste drugs. 4. Comparatively they are chemically more stable and easy to handle than liquid dosage forms.
- 12. Machine used for the manufacturing of iontments: 1.Iontment manufacturing plant. 2. Tube filling machine.
- 15. 2.Hydration of aqueous phase ingredients. Emulsifiers, thickeners and stabilizers are dispersed into water in a separate vessel. Heating may be required to accelerate hydration. 3.Forming the Emulsion. The two phases are blended under vigorous agitation to form the emulsion.
- 16. 4.Dispersion of the Active Ingredient. The active ingredient often makes up only a small proportion of the formulation; this must be efficiently dispersed to maximize yield and product effectiveness.
- 17. DRAWBACKS: 1. These oily semisolid preparations are staining and cosmetically less aesthetic. 2. Application with finger tip may contaminate the formulation or cause irritation when applied.
- 18. 3. As compared to solid dosage forms, semisolid preparations are bulky to handle. 4. Though semisolids allow more flexibility in dose, dose accuracy is determined by uniformity in the quantity to be applied. 5. Physico-chemically less stable than solid dosage forms