The phonocardiogram (PCG) is a graphical recording of sounds and murmurs made by the heart. It is created using a phonocardiograph machine. A PCG provides advantages over a stethoscope by allowing detection of subaudible heart sounds and murmurs, providing a record of their occurrence, and enabling quantification of heart sounds. It can provide information about heart conditions and the effects of drugs that is not available from other tests. PCGs are useful for medical diagnosis and tracking disease progression or treatment effects over time. The first patent for a phonocardiogram device was filed in 1970 by John Keefer.

1. Phonocardiogram
Swaroopa V

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Why?
• Stethoscope is used to listen to heart sounds
• Then why and what is the use of another
method like phonocardiogram?

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5. What is PCG?
• Graphical recording of sounds &
murmurs made by heart -
phonocardiogram
• Machine used – phonocardiograph
• Phonocadiography – recording of
all sounds made by heart during
cardiac cycle
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7. Medical use
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• Sounds produced due to vibrations created by closure of heart
valves

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• Sounds produced due to
vibrations created by closure of
heart valves
• 4 types S1 S2 S3 S4
• S1 – Closure of AV valve
• S2 – closure of semilunar
• S3 – Rapid blood into ventricles
ventricular gallop
• S4 – Atrial contraction Atrial
gallop
Heart sounds Murmurs
• Sounds produced due to
turbulence of blood flow in
heart

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• Sounds produced due to
vibrations created by closure of
heart valves
• 4 types S1 S2 S3 S4
• S1 – Closure of AV valve
• S2 – closure of semilunar
• S3 – Rapid blood into ventricles
ventricular gallop
• S4 – Atrial contraction Atrial
gallop
Heart sounds Murmurs
• Sounds produced due to
turbulence of blood flow in
heart

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VS
In medical use,
PCG
Stethoscop
e

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VS
In medical use,
PCG

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13. Medical use
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• Allows to detect subaudible sounds and
murmurs and makes record of them
• Stethoscope cannot always detect all such
sounds / murmurs and provides no record of
their occurrence
• Ability to quantitate sounds made by the
heart, this information is not readily
available from more sophisticated tests
• Provides vital information about drugs on
heart
• Effective for tracking the progress of
patient‘s disease

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Wiggers diagram of various events of cardiac cycle includes PCG at
bottom

15. History
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• John Keefer filed patent for
phonocardiogram in 1970
(employee of US govt)
• Patent description – device
which via electrical voltage
mimics human heart sounds
William Birnbaum with a Phonocardiogram System for use in Project Gemini, 1965

16. Thank you