It informs about various Conventional (Non-renewable) Energy sources, there usage, current scenario.

1. Introduction to Conventional
Energy Sources
Prof. Swapnil Y. Gadgune, Department of Electrical Engineering, PVPIT, Budhgaon, Sangli
Photo Credit:
indianexpress.com

2. Energy
• Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy
exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy,
light, potential energy, electrical, or other forms.
Sources of Energy:
1. Conventional Energy Sources
2. Renewable/Non-Conventional
Energy Sources

3. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS
Ref- A. K. Raja, Srivastava, Dwivedi, “Power Plant Engineering”, Book, New Age Int. Publishers

4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_energy_consumption_by_fuel.svg
Tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a
unit of energy, defined as the
amount of energy released by
burning one tonne (1000 Kilograms)
of crude oil.

5. Global Electricity Generation by various
sources
The global electricity generation mix in 2018
Compared to what it could be in 2040 under two
possible scenarios are shown in these pie charts.
The International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s) “Stated
Policies” scenario factors in current and already
announced policies, whereas the “Sustainable
Development” scenario is fully aligned with the
Paris Agreement, which has an objective of holding
the increase in the global average temperature to
well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and
pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase
to 1.5C.
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook, 2019 edition
(WEO2019)CCUS- Carbon capture, utilisation and storage
https://www.powermag.com/10-power-sector-insights-from-
the-ieas-world-energy-outlook-2019/

6. World Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/eme444/node/403

7. Conventional Energy Sources
• Conventional energy sources are the traditional sources of energy like
coal and petroleum. Conventional energy sources are finite. They will
not last forever.
 Non-commercial energy sources
Generally, the energy sources that are freely available
are considered as the non-commercial energy sources.
The examples of non-commercial energy sources are,
Straw, dried dung, firewood.
 Commercial Energy Sources
The coal, electricity and petroleum are known as
commercial energy since the consumer needs to pay its
price to buy them.
https://byjus.com/physics/conventional-and-
nonconventional-sources-of-energy/

8. https://www.freeingenergy.com/five-trends-that-will-lead-to-the-end-of-fossil-fuels/

9. Natural Gas
• Natural gas in its purest form is pure methane but before it is refined,
it also contains varying amount of ethane, propane, butane and
carbon dioxide. When refined, it is colorless and odorless but can be
burned to release large amounts of energy.
https://geology.com/articles/natural-gas-uses/

10. Petroleum and Natural Gas formation
https://www.pngkit.com/view/u2r5r5i1w7a9a9r5_natural-gas-formation-petroleum-and-natural-gas-formation/

11. Coal
• Coal releases large amounts of energy when
it is burned because of the density of
hydrocarbons in the material.
• Coal is formed by dead plants being put
under significant pressure and temperature
for millions of years.
• There are four grades of coal: lignite, sub-
bituminous, bituminous coal and anthracite.
• Bituminous coal is the best for releasing
energy and is the most commonly mined
type of coal.
https://www.bombaytesthouse.com/
coal_coke_and_solid_fuels.html

12. Components of coal
Lignite
Sub-
bituminous
Bituminous Anthracite
Water content of raw coal 25-50 % 14-25 % 5-10 % 1-6 %
Calorific content (inferior value) of partially
dried coal before boiler (air dry) in kcal/kg
3500 - 4500 4500 – 6500 6500 – 7800 7800 – 8600
same in MJ/kg 15 to 19 19 to 27 27 to 33 33 to 36
same in kWh/kg 4 to 5.2 5.2 to 7.5 7.5 to 9.1 9.1 to 10
Average composition
Residual water 19% 10% 4% 2%
Volatile components 40% 38% 25% 8%
Percentage of ashes 30% 25% 15% 5%
Carbon and carbon hydrates (flamable) 20% 30% 56% 86%
https://jancovici.com/en/energy-transition/coal/using-coal-but-what-for/

13. Breakdown by usage of the world coal
consumption in 2007
https://jancovici.com/en/energy-transition/coal/using-coal-
but-what-for/

14. Petroleum
• Petroleum is formed from the
compression of animal and plant
remains over millions of years.
Petroleum has to be drilled for because
it is usually located deep below the
earth's surface and is then refined to
produce a number of different
products including gasoline, heavy fuel
oil and diesel fuel.
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/oil+well+
diagram

15. 1 barrel = 158.987 litre
https://www.breakthroughfuel.com/blog
/crude-oil-barrel/
Petrol and gasoline are actually the same thing;
just different words. These two words have the
same meaning, with the only difference being in the
places where the words are used. The term 'petrol'
is used in UK, India and a few other places, while
'gasoline' or 'gas for short' is used in the United
States.

16. OPEC-
Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries
The current OPEC members are the following:
Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the
Congo, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and
Venezuela.
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/How-Much-
Crude-Oil-Has-The-World-Really-Consumed.html

17. The 10 largest oil consumers and share of
total world oil consumption in 2017
Country Million barrels per day Share of world total
United States 19.96 20%
China 13.57 14%
India 4.34 4%
Japan 3.92 4%
Russia 3.69 4%
Saudi Arabia 3.33 3%
Brazil 3.03 3%
South Korea 2.63 3%
Germany 2.45 2%
Canada 2.42 2%
Total top 10 59.33 60%
World total 98.76
https://www.eia.gov/tools/
faqs/faq.php?id=709&t=6

18. Petroleum Products Usage
https://seekingalpha.com/article/684861-fundamentals-one-
needs-to-know-to-trade-oil