This presentation has detailed information on glycolysis. each step is explained in detail. there are certain videos which i have taken from youtube. if these videos are not viewable u can refer to shomus biology glycolysis videos. u will get a detailed info there.
lehninger 3rd edition is also very good for the structures
Happy studying :)
7. The entire reaction:
Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ATPs + 4ADPs + 2 phosphate group
After performing Glycolysis
2 Pyruvates +2NADHs +2ADPs +4ATPs +2phosphate group
Net : 2ATPs formed
2 NADH formed
2 Pyruvates
8. First step : Hexokinase catalyzes
Glucose + ATP glucose-6-P + ADP
H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OH
H
OH
H H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OPO3
2
H
OH
H
23
4
5
6
1 1
6
5
4
3 2
ATP ADP
Mg2+
glucose glucose-6-phosphate
Hexokinase
9. • GLUT 1 and 3 are present in normal tissues
• GLUT 2 present in liver, pancreas and intestine
• GLUT 4 is found in adipose tissue
14. 3. Phosphofructokinase catalyzes:
fructose-6-P + ATP fructose-1,6-bisP + ADP
CH2OPO3
2
OH
CH2OH
H
OH H
H HO
O
6
5
4 3
2
1 CH2OPO3
2
OH
CH2OPO3
2
H
OH H
H HO
O
6
5
4 3
2
1
ATP ADP
Mg2+
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase
16. 4. Aldolase catalyzes:
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
dihydroxyacetone-P +glyceraldehyde-3-P
6
5
4
3
2
1CH2OPO3
2
C
C
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O
HO H
H OH
H OH
3
2
1
CH2OPO3
2
C
CH2OH
O
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH+
1
2
3
fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
Aldolase
dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate phosphate
Triosephosphate Isomerase
17. A lysine residue at the active site functions in catalysis.
The keto group of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reacts with the
amino group of the active site lysine, to form a protonated Schiff
base intermediate.
Cleavage of the bond between C3 & C4 follows.
H3N+
C COO
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
NH3
H
lysine CH2OPO3
2
C
CH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
NH
HO
H OH
H OH
(CH2)4 Enzyme
6
5
4
3
2
1
+
Schiff base intermediate of
Aldolase reaction
18. 5. Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM) catalyzes:
dihydroxyacetone-P glyceraldehyde-3-P
6
5
4
3
2
1CH2OPO3
2
C
C
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O
HO H
H OH
H OH
3
2
1
CH2OPO3
2
C
CH2OH
O
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH+
1
2
3
fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
Aldolase
dihydroxyacetone glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate phosphate
Triosephosphate Isomerase
19. 6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase catalyzes:
glyceraldehyde-3-P + NAD+ + Pi
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
H O
H OH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O OPO3
2
H OH
+ Pi
+ H+
NAD+
NADH 1
2
3
2
3
1
glyceraldehyde- 1,3-bisphospho-
3-phosphate glycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Dehydrogenase
First step to produce NADH
23. 7. Phosphoglycerate Kinase catalyzes:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP
3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O OPO3
2
H OH
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OH
ADP ATP
1
22
3 3
1
Mg2+
1,3-bisphospho- 3-phosphoglycerate
glycerate
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
24. 8. Phosphoglycerate Mutase catalyzes:
3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate
C
C
CH2OH
O O
H OPO3
2
2
3
1
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OH2
3
1
3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglycerate Mutase
C
C
CH2OPO3
2
O O
H OPO3
2
2
3
1
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
25. 9. Enolase catalyzes:
2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
C
C
CH2OH
O O
H OPO3
2
C
C
CH2OH
O O
OPO3
2
C
C
CH2
O O
OPO3
2
OH
2
3
1
2
3
1
H
2-phosphoglycerate enolate intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate
Enolase
26. 10. Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes:
phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP pyruvate + ATP
C
C
CH3
O O
O2
3
1
ADP ATP
C
C
CH2
O O
OPO3
2
2
3
1
phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate
Pyruvate Kinase