This document provides a history of travel and tourism from early human migration for resources to modern mass tourism. It describes how travel evolved from necessities for food and trade to pleasure activities among wealthy Romans and Grand Tour travelers. The industrial revolution facilitated mobility with stagecoaches and railroads, making travel accessible to more. Further developments like paid time off, package tours, and low airfares have contributed to the 1.5 billion global travelers today.

1. History of Travel and Tourism
MTTM 1 - SK

2. Tourism
• All Tourism I includes Travel
• But all travel is NOT Tourism
• Every destination is a place
• But Every Place is NOT a Tourism Destination
• History of Travel is as old as history of
evolution of mankind

3. Early Travel
• Food
• Shelter
• Clothing
• Climate
• Fear of Unknown
• Animal Grazing
• Agriculture
• Knowledge
• Religion
• Trade
And Commerce

4. Romans
• First ‘Pleasure’ travellers. Developed and
excellent road network system. “All Roads
Lead to Rome”. Horse relays, Intention of
wheel- Horse carts, horse carriages. Travelled
for heath and pleasure to medicinal baths,
Coach travel gave birth to “Inns” Travelled
across sea on cargo ships to see the Pyramids
of Egypt and Temples of Mediterranean

6. Greeks
• Travelled for ‘Wanderlust’
• Interested in Theater, entertainment,
athletics, travelled to participate in on watch
Olympics, Sea bathing..led to development of
sea resorts in the Mediterranean, France, Italy,
Spain. Invention of money (coin) common
currency, led to exchange of money for travel

7. 15-16 Century (end of Roam Empire)
• Setback in travel. Fear of life, anomie,
Religious crusades. Italian Renaissance.
• Resurgence of Italy as a prime destination.
Italy became the intellectual capital fof the
world. A main country for travel.

8. Grand Tour Era
• Grand Tour (meaning) Luxurious travel
wealthy educated class of people in Europe.
Most pursuing education –to travel around
Europe to see the “civilized world” – covering
France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy,
Germany and Greece. Followed by rising
incomes, economic and technological
advancement that gave a spurt to travel.

9. Holy-Days (Holidays)
• Annual Holiday (days off from work) startred
to be ranted by organizations during the
period of Holy Days for Christians in Europe (
i.e Christmas.. A few days ahead of Xmas to
early January). These free days around Holy
days gave birth to the concept of Yearly
‘Holiday’.
• Holidays provided a boost to travel

10. Era of Mobility
• Development of Road networks promoted Stage
Coach Travel
• 1825 – advent of Railways in England- comfort
travel for long distances, safe and protected.
• 1841- First rail tour organized by Sir Thomas Cook
from Leicester to Loughborough, 12 miles away.
For One shilling(birth of Tour Package business)
• 1845: Thomas Cook organizes his first for-profit
trip -- a rail journey to Liverpool from Leicester,
Nottingham and Derby ( revolutionized travel)

11. 1st Class rail travel
• 1870s. started by G.M. Pullman in America
through introduction of Luxury Sleeping
Coaches in trains in America
• Later these coaches importaed to Europe
• More facilities developed for comfort for
passengers

12. 19th century
• Until World War I – Travel was the privelege fo
of the wealth gew.
• During the World War periods travel for
pleasure declined
• After World war II – Industrialization,
technological developments in Europe and
America promoted travel. Accommodation,
Transport and facilities were developed

13. Paid Holiday
• 1939: The Paid Holiday was cleared by the
International Labor Organization (ILO)
• Savings and disposable incomes gave a boost
to travel
• Package tourism, motor travel cruise travel.

14. Common Man Travel
• Travel of Missionaries, Scholars, Traders and
explorers.

15. Travel in India
• Missionaries, Scholars, Religious preachers, Traders,
explorers
• Travel through Trade routes, Silk Route
• Elaborate road network laid down in Mughal Empire-
Sher Shah Suri.
• Travel on chariots, elephants, horses, camels, bullock
carts
• Travel for trade and conquests
• Travel of British officials for administration
• Rail travel started by British in India in 1850s
• Alexander the Great, Fa Hien, Hieun Tsang, Al Beruni,
Vasco De Gama, Marco Polo

16. Travels of Explorers
• In early times- Mediterranean was the limit of
the ‘known’ world

17. • Italy started trade with Egypt and Syria
• Traders from Europe and Middle East travelled
to the Orient (China) to being back goods
• Books on travel, mapping trade routes
between Europe and Far East fist appeared in
the 14th century.
• Portugal came to be rated as the 1st maor
power in discovery and sea- Columbus
discovered America in 1492.Few venturesome
travelled across the Atlantic

18. Portuguese explorers
• Vasco de Gama ( Portuguese sailor) ventured
in 1497 from Portugal into the Atlantic, along
the west African coastline down south to the
Indian Ocean and then through Indian ocean
moved up to western and southern Indian up
towards Indonesian Islands to China.
• Later the English, Dutch and French followed
the route.

19. Portuguese
• In 1519 Magellan , a Portuguese captian
started a voyage around the world. He crossed
the Atlantic southwards reaching upto the
southern most point of South America (now
named as McGellan Strait), then moved up
along the western coast of south america over
Australia and Indonesian islands then cong
down through Indian ocean along the coasts
of Africa back to Portugal.

20. • Search for elixir life make people take voyages to
untouched lands
• Travel became the topic of conversation of those
who stayed at home
• 16th century impetus to travel was given by the
Italian Merchant Marco Polo, who through the
Mediterranean and then Red Sea came down
through Arabian sea along western Indian, then
down Indian ocean moved across Indonesian
islands up to China and Japan and travelled back
on Land back to Italy.

21. AFTER 1950s
• Growth of travel on account of transport,
infrastructure, political stability, technology,
education and increasing disposable incomes.
• Presently 1.5 billion people travelling around
the world.